苏教版五年级语法及练习.doc

五年级语法There be 句型与have, hasThere be 句型与have, has的区别1、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。There be 句型是客观存在的“有”，表示在某地有某物（或人），是一种存在关系。 eg：There is a book on the desk. Have/has 指的是主观上的“拥有，持有”，表示某人拥有某物，是一种所属关系。 Eg: I have a book.2、在there be 句型中，there 只起到引导作用，并无实际意义。句中真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。Be动词有人称，数和时态的变化：主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are 。3.如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定（就近原则）。4、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首，肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？练习：Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”1. I_a good father and a good mother.2. _a telephone on the desk.3. He_a tape-recorder.4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses.6. They_a nice garden.7. What do you_?8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_?10. _any books in the bookcase?11. My father_a story-book.12. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students_in the classroom?15. My parents_some nice pictures.16. _some soup on the table.17. _a map of the world on the wall.18. David_a telescope.19. Davids friends_some tents.20. _many children on the hill.Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet.2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks.4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck.6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase.8. Our teacher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball.10. Their parents_some blankets11. Nancy_many skirts.12. David_some jackets.13. My friends_a football.14. What do you_?15. What does Mike_?16. What do your friends_?17. What does Helen_?18. His brother_a basketball.19. Her sister_a nice doll.20. Miss Li_an English book.改为否定句：There is some milk in the bottle._填be动词。There _ a book and two pens on the desk.There _ two pens and a book on the desk.Be 动词Be动词是动词的一种，其中“am，is，are”用于一般现在时。Be动词在句中不能单独作谓语，多与后面的名词或形容词等构成系表结构。Be动词的使用口诀：我用am，你用are，is跟着他她它。单数is，复数are。用be动词填空。1. This bed _ too soft.2. Where _ the cakes?3. There _ three beds and a chair in the room.4. There _ a book and a pen on the chair.5. My sister and I _ in the same class.6. Two and five _ seven.7. There _ a lot of sheep on the farm.8. Who _ singing in the room? Liuhua is.9. There _ some water in the bottle.10. He can _ a teacher.语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的概念表示经常、反复发生的动作或现在存在的状态。一般现在时的标志词：频率副词：Always, usually, often, sometimes, 时间状语：Every 一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. 否定句：有be动词，be动词后+not有情态动词，情态动词后+not有动词，借助动词do/does后+not2. 一般疑问句：有be动词，be动词提前有情态动词，情态动词提前有动词，借助动词do/does提前3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.二、按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. Amy likes playing puter games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _8. John es from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _动词三单的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _e_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 第三人称单数主语1. 人称代词he，she，it2. 单个人名，地名或称呼3. 单数可数名词或“this、that+可数名词单数”4. 不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something 及指示代词this，that名词一名词分类。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分。二可数名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. Ch和部分O结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches Photo-photos,3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5单复同型：fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese6.不规则名词复数： 改变中间的原因字母：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, foot-feet,tooth-teeth词尾加-en或-ren：child-children ,ox-oxen不规则：mouse-mice三不可数名词不可数名词主要是物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与a，an连用。四不可数名词量的表示方法1.用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of等表示多少。2用量词表示：在表示“一”个数量概念时用a cup of, a bottle of, a glass of等，若要表达两个或两个以上得概念，量词用复数，不可数不变，eg: two cups of tea练习：写出下列各词的复数。I _him _this _ her _ watch _ book_ bus_ Chinese_ a cup of tea_ house_ child _ photo _ diary _day_foot_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich_man_woman_paper_people_单选。1.He does many _.A.work B.job C.works D.jobs 名词所有格名词所有格一般是在名词后面加上s，意为“。的”，表示所属关系。1. 一般情况下，在单词词尾+s2. 以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾+3. 不以s结尾的不规则复数名词，在词尾+s4. 若表示两者各自拥有的东西，在两个名词后面都+s；若表示两者共同拥有一个东西，则只在后面的名词后+s5. 一些表示日期，时间，距离，国家名称的无生命的名词，也可加s6. 如果s后面的词是商店，住宅等地点，后面的名词要省略。 感叹句感叹句通常由what或how 引导，用以表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情，句末一般用感叹号。一感叹句句型：1. What +a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+动词+！What+形容词+可数名词复数或可数名词（+主语+其他）！Eg: What a beautiful girl (she is)! What beautiful girls (they are)!2. how+形容词/副词（+主语+动词）！How beautiful (the girl is)!二感叹句口诀：陈改感叹并不难，what或how放最前；形副紧跟how后，what要和名词连；主语谓语在句末，它们省略也常见。三“一断，二加，三换位”法。一断：在谓语后面断开，使句子分为两部分。Eg：He is / a good teacher.二加：在第二部分前加上how或what。Eg：He is / what a good teacher.三换位：把第一部分和第二部分位置互换，句号改成感叹号。Eg：What a good teacher he is!将下列句子改为感叹句。1. The ship is big._2. This film is very good._3. He works very hard._4. It is a nice book._ _ nice present it is!5. It is a funny day today._ _ sunny day it is day!6. She plays basketball well._ _ she plays basketball! Too 的用法1.表示“也”的意思，用于句末。Eg: Nice to meet you . Nice to meet you ,too.2.表示“太”，强调程度。3.有关too的短语： “much too”表示“太.”=too “too much+不可数名词” 表示“太多.”=much “too many+可数名词复数” 表示“太多.=many “tooto”表示“太。而不能。” too与alsotoo与also都有也的意思，两者都用于肯定句中，但位置不同。Too常用于句末，口气轻，多用于口语Also常用于句中，口气较重，多用于书面语。 基数词和序数词基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示先后顺序的数词。序数词前要加the。基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th；一二三，特殊记，词尾字母tdd；八去t，九去e，f 要把ve替。Ty要把y变i，记住th前有个e。若是遇见几十几，只变个位九可以。用所给数词填空。1. Sunday is the _ day of a week. (one)2. There are _ hours in a day. (twenty four)3. His sister is _ years old.(ten)4. Ten and five is _.(five)5. Teachers Day is on the _ of September.(ten) Some 和any Some和any都有“一些”的意思，既修饰可数名词复数，又修饰不可数名词。Some和any的用法口诀：肯定句中用some，否定、疑问用any。但有两点特殊记：若表邀请或请求，疑问也要用some。若表“任何一个“接单数，肯定也要用any。 Let型祈使句Let+宾语+动词原形+其他（let sb. do sth.）1. 表示“建议，劝导”2. 表示“请求，命令” 表示到做某事的时间了Its time for+名词It s time to +动词 句子类型1. 肯定句变否定句：1） 有be动词，be动词后加not2） 有情态动词，情态动词后加not3） 有实义动词，借助动词do或does，再加not2. 肯定句变一般疑问句：1） 有be动词，be动词提前2） 有情态动词，情态动词提前3） 有实义动词，借助动词do或does，把do或does提前3. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 喜欢做某事Like doing动词ing形式的变化规则：1） 大部分动词直接在词尾+ing2） 以不发音的字母e结尾的词，先去e，再加ing3） 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写末尾的福音字母，再加ingLike doing 和like to doLike doing和like to do 都表示“喜欢做某事”Like doing表示的是爱好或者经常性的行为Like to do表示的是某一次的具体的行为。 情态动词can的用法Can的用法口诀：“我”是情态动词can，若表能力我承担；不管主语怎么变，can的模样都不变；动词原形站后边，一般疑问can提前；否定can后not添，学好can很简单。 表达擅长做某事Be good at+动词ing/名词/代词 询问职业1. what +do/does +主语+do ?2. what +is/are +s(物主代词)+job? Help的用法1 Help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事2 Help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事询问某人怎么了Whats wrong with.?=whats the matter?询问别人多大了How old+be+主语？Look out小心Wait a minute等一下Dont worry.别担心First, nextthenfinallyMerry Christmas!