高中英语情态动词用法归纳.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态動詞使用方法归纳,情态動詞無人称和数的变化；不能單独使用，必须与其後的動詞原形构成谓語,壹、can,could,1)表达能力（体力、知识、技能）。,Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）,Mary can speak three languages.（知识）,Can you skate?（技能）,此時可用be able to替代。,Can只有壹般目前時和壹般過去式；而be able to则有更多的時态。,Ill not be able to come this afternoon.,當表达“通過努力才得以做成功某事”時应用be able to，不能用Can。如：,He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.,壹、can,could,2)表达祈求和容許。,-Can I go now?,-Yes,you can./No,you cant.,此時可与may互换。在疑問句中還可用could,might替代，不是過去式，只是語气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。,-Could I come to see you tomorrow?,-Yes,you can.(No,Im afraid not.),3)表达客观也許性（客观原因形成的能力）。,Theyve changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.,This hall can hold 500 people at least.,4)表达推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑問句、否认句和感慨句中。,Can this be true?,This cant be done by him.,How can this be true?,壹、can,could,二、,may,might,1)表达祈求和容許。might比 may語气更委婉，而不是過去式。否认回答時可用cant 或mustnt，表达“不可以，严禁”。,-Might/May I smoke in this room?,-No,you mustnt.,-May/Might I take this book out of the room?,-Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.),用May I.？征徇對方許可時比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口語中更常見。,2）用于祈使句，表达祝愿。,May you succeed!,二、,may,might,3)表达推测、也許性（不用于疑問句）。,might不是過去式，它所示的也許性比may小。,1He may/might be very busy now.,2Your mother may/might not know the truth.,三、,must,have to,1)表达必须、必要。,You must come in time.,在回答引出的問句時，假如与否认的，不能用mustnt（严禁，不准），而用neednt,dont have to（不必）.,-Must we hand in our exercise books today?,-Yes,you must.,-No,you dont have to/you neednt.,2)must是說话人的主观見解，而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有壹般目前時，have to 有更多的時态形式。,1 I really must go now.,2 I had to work when I was your age.,3)表达推测、也許性（只用于肯定的陈說句）,1 Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.,2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.,三、,must,have to,四、,dare,need,1)dare作情态動詞用時,常用于疑問句、否认句和条件從句中,過去式形式為dared。,1 How dare you say Im unfair?,2 He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?,3 If we dared not go there that day，we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.,2)need 作情态動詞用時,常用于疑問句、否认句。在肯定句中壹般用must,have to,ought to,should替代。,1You neednt come so early.,2.-Need I finish the work today?,-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.,四、,dare,need,3)dare和 need作实义動詞用時，有人称、時态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare背面常接带to的不定式。在疑問句和否认句中，dare背面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need背面只能接带to的不定式。,1.I dare to swim across this river.,2.He doesnt dare(to)answer.,3.He needs to finish his homework today.,五、,shall,should,1)shall 用于第壹人称，征求對方的意見。,What shall we do this evening?,2)shall 用于第二、三人称，表达說话人給對方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,1.You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告),2.He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺),3.He shall be punished.(威胁),六、,will,would,1)表达祈求、提议等，would更委婉。,Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?,2)表达意志、愿望和决心。,1.I will never do that again.,2.They asked him if he would go abroad.,六、,will,would,3)would表达過去反复发生的動作或某种倾向。would表达過去习惯時比used to正式，且没有“現已無此习惯”的含义。,1.During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.,2.The wound would not heal.,4)表达估计和猜测。,It would be about ten oclock when she left home.,1)should,ought to表达“应當”，ought to表达义务或责任，比should語气重。,1.I should help her because she is in trouble.,2.You ought to take care of the baby.,2)表达劝說、提议和命令。should,ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。,1.You should/ought to go to class right away.,2.Should I open the window?,七、should,ought to,3)表达推测,should,ought to(客观推测),must(主观推测)。,1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家),2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定),3.This is where the oil must be.(直爽),4.This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄),七、should,ought to,can 表达能力，意為“能 會”,表达推测，意為“也許”，常用于否认句和疑問句中,表达祈求，容許，意為“可以”,could can 的過去式，意為“能、會”，表达過去的能力,在疑問句中表达委婉祈求,may 表达祈求、許可，意為“可以”,表达推测，常用于肯定句中，意為“也許、也許”,might may的過去式,表达推测，常用于肯定句中，意為“也許、也許”,must 表达主观見解，意為“必须、应當”,表达有把握的推测，用語肯定句,Need表达需要、必须，重要用于否认句和疑問句中,dare 表达勇于，重要用于否认句和疑問句中,should意為“应當”，表达规定和命令,表达劝說、提议,had better 意為“最佳”，表达提议,used to 意為“過去常常，表达過去的動作、行為,總結归纳,1.can 的使用方法,（1）表达能力、許可、也許性。表达能力時壹般译為“能、會”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具有的能力，此時may 和must 均不可替代它。如：,She can swim fast,but I cant.她能游得很快，但我不能。,I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。,（2）表达也許、可以。如：,I can finish it in an hour.我能在壹小時後完毕它。,（3）表达許可，常在口語中。如：,You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。,（4）表达推测，意為“也許”，常用于否认句和疑問句中，此時cant 译為“不也許”。如：,Can the news be true?這個消息會是真的吗？,-Can it be our teacher?,那個人有也許是我們老師吗？,-No,it cant be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.,不也許。咱們老師正在游览長城呢。,考點壹 can，may，must 等情态動詞在陈說句中的使用方法,例,-I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she would go there.,-No.She _ be there,I have just been there.,A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt,2.could的使用方法,（1）can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表达過去的能力。如：,He could write poems when he was 10.他拾岁時就會写诗。,（2）could 在疑問句中，表达委婉的語气，此時 could 没有過去式的意思。如:,Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個忙吗？,-Could I use your pen?我能用壹下你的钢笔吗?,-Yes,you can.可以。,3.may的使用方法,(1)表达祈求、許可，比can 正式，如：,May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車吗？,You may go home now.目前你可以回家了。,(2)表达推测，談论也許性，意為“也許，或許”，壹般用于肯定句中。如：,It may rain tomorrow.明天也許會下雨。,She may be at home.她也許在家呢.,(3)may的過去式為might，表达推测時。也許性低于may。如：,He is away from school.He might be sick.,他离開學校了，也許是他生病了。,-_ I borrow your MP3?,-Sure.Here you are.,A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would,4.must的使用方法,(1)must 表达主观見解，意為“必须、壹定”。如：,You must stay here until I come back.,在我回来之前你必须呆在這儿。,Must I hand in my homework right now?,我必须目前交作业吗？,(2)其否认形式mustnt 表达“壹定不要”“仟萬别”“严禁,不許”.如：,You mustnt play with fire.你不許玩火。,You mustnt be late.你壹定不要迟到。,（3）對must引导的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否认回答為neednt 或 dont have to.,如：,-Must I finish my homework?,我目前必须完毕作业吗？,-No,you neednt.,不，你不必。,(4)must 表达有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如:,The light is on,so he must be at home now.,灯亮著，他目前肯定在家。,注意其反意問句的构成形式：,當must 表达 肯定的判断、推测時，其反意疑問句要用实际問句的助動詞来构成。,如：,She must have finished writing,hasnt she?,她壹定已經写完了，不是吗？,5.need的使用方法,（1）need 表达需要、必须，重要用于否认句和疑問句中，其否认形式為neednt，意為“没有必要，不必”。用need 提問時，肯定回答為 must，否认回答為 neednt。如：,-Need I stay here any longer?我尚有必要留在這儿吗？,-Yes,you must.是的。,-No.you neednt.不，你不必。,(2)need 還可以作实义動詞，此時有人称、数和時态的变化，後边多接動詞不定式。如：,I need to do it right now.我需要立即做這件事。,He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多理解那個女孩。,6.dare 的使用方法,dare意為“敢、勇于”,使用方法近似于need，有两种詞性：,（1）dare 作為情态動詞，多用于否认句、疑問句或条件句中，無第三人称單数形式，只有壹般目前時和壹般過去時。如：,Dare he tell them what he knows?,他敢告诉他們所懂得的状况吗？,I darent ask her will you do it for me?,我可不敢問她，你能幫我問問吗？,（2）dare 作為实义動詞，此時有人称、数及時态的变化。如：,He doesnt dare to break his promise.,他不敢食言。,注意：在口語中，dare 的多种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如：,Do you dare tell her what I said?,你敢告诉她我說的话吗？,I didnt dare look at him.,我不敢看他。,7.shall 的使用方法,（1）shall 表达征求對方意見（多用于第壹、三人称），如：,Shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步好吗？,(2)表达决心、警告、命令（多用于第二、三人称），如：,No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.,考试中任何人不准带BP机和手机。,8.should的使用方法,（1）should 意為“应當”，可表达劝說、提议、义务、责任等。如：,We should protect the environment.我們应當保护环境。,（2）should(would)like to do sth.表达“想要、乐意做某事”，常用于口語中。如：,I should(would)like to go with you.我乐意和你壹起去。,Would you like to go with me?你想和我壹起去吗？,（3）Should have done 表达對過去動作的责怪、批评。如：,You should have finished your homework.,你应當已經完毕作业了。（实际上你没有完毕。）,9.will 的使用方法,will表达意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：,I will help you if Im free this afternoon.,今天下午假如我有空，我就會幫你。,10.had better 的使用方法,had better 意為“最佳”，没有人称的变化，背面接不带to 的不定式，其否认形式為：had better not。如：,We had better go now.我們最佳目前就走。,You had better not give the book to him.,你最佳不要把這本書給他。,考點二 具有情态動詞的疑問句,1.由 can、may、must构成的疑問句,（1）句式：Can/May/Must+主語+動詞原形+.？如：,Can you repair the car?你會修小汽車吗？,Could he be a good student?他能是名好學生吗？,May I borrow your ruler?我可以借你的尺子吗？,Must we clean the room now?我們必须目前打扫房间吗？,（2）對 may 引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：,Yes,of course.,Yes,certainly.,Sure.,No,you mustnt.,No,you cant.,（3）對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：,Yes,must.,No,neednt/dont have to.,2.will，would，shall 的使用方法,（1）will 在壹般疑問句中表达客气的“祈求、劝說”。would 是will 的過去式，語气愈加客气、委婉。如：,Would you show me your picture book?你能让我看看你的画册吗？,Will you please give me a call?請給我打個電话好吗？,（2）對 will/would you 的回答方式有如下几种：,Yes,I will.(No,I wont.),Sure.(Im sorry,I cant.),All right.,Certainly.(No,thank you.),Yes,please.,-Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?,-_.,A.Thats right B.With pleasure,C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble,（3）shall引出的疑問句用于第壹人称，表达征求對方意見或客气的祈求。如：,我給你把门打開好吗？,我們目前開始好吗？,其回答方式有如下几种：,Yes,please.,All right.,No,thank you.,考點三 不壹样情态動詞的否认意义也不壹样,1.（1）cant可译為“不會”，如：I cant play basketball.我不會打篮球。,（2）當句子表推测時，用cant 体現不也許，如：,He cant be ill.He is playing chess with Tom.他不也許病了，他正和Tom 下棋呢。,（3）cant 還可用来回答“May I?”這样的問句。如：,May I come in?我可以進来吗？,No,you mustnt./cant.不，你不能。,（4）cant 還可用于固定习語中。如：,She cant help crying.她不禁大哭起来。,2.may 的否认式為 may not，译成“也許不”，如：,He may not be at home.他也許不在家。,3.（1）mustnt 表达不許，不可。如：,He mustnt leave his room.他不許离開他的房间。,You mustnt talk in class.你們不可以在課上說话。,(2)mustnt 也可用于以 may 表达规定期的否认回答中。如：,May I stand here?我可以站在這裏吗？,-No,you mustnt(cant).,不，不行。,4.（1）neednt 意為“不必”。如：,You neednt meet him unless youd like to.,你不需要見他，除非你乐意。,（2）neednt+have+動詞的過去分詞，表不需要完毕但已完毕的動作，暗含時间或精力上的挥霍。如：,You neednt have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。,5.shouldnt 表达不应當。如：,You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things.,對于這种小事，你不应當感到這样不快乐。,考點四 情态動詞的被動語态,具有情态動詞的被動語态的构造為：,情态動詞+be+done(動詞的過去分詞)。,做題時要兼顾情态動詞和被動語态這两個方面。如：,You neednt get up so early every day.,你不必每天都起這样早。,She shouldnt speak t her mother in that way.,她不应當用那种方式和媽媽說话。,More and more trees must be planted in China.,在中国必须种植更多的树木。,Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.,诸多星星我們都看不到，由于它們离 我們太遠了。,易混知识清單,易混點壹 can 和 be able to,两者表达能力時使用方法相似，但 can 只有原形“can”和過去式“could”两种形式，在其他時态中 要用be able to 来表达。此外 be able to 常常指通過努力，花费了時间和劳力之後才能做到某事。,Jim cant speak English.吉姆不會說英語。,He could speak English at 5.他五岁時 就會說英語。,Well be able to see him next week.下星期我們将會見到他。,He has been able to drive.他已經會開車了。,I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完毕。,We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.,我們能在中午抵达山顶。,易混點二 can和may,1.can 和 may 均可用来征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，壹般可互换使用。如：,Can/May I help you?我能协助你吗？,2.can 和may 表达也許性時的区别：,1)在肯定句中用 might，may，must，不用can,2)在疑問句中表达推测用 can，不用 might，may，must,3)在否认句中用cant（不也許），不用 may，must。如：,She may be in the classroom.她也許在教室裏。,Where can they be now?他們目前也許在哪儿？,That cant be true.那不也許是真的。,易混點三 may be 和maybe,使用方法区别 常用位置,may be may為情态動詞，be為動詞原形 句中，作谓語,maybe副詞，大概、也許，相称于perhaps 句首，作状語,He may be wrong,but Im not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不确定。,易混點四 cant 和 mustnt,1.cant 根据其基本使用方法可译為：,（1）不會，如：,I cant speak English.我不會說英語。,（2）不能，如：,We cant do it now because its too dark.,天太黑了，我們目前干不了。,（3）不也許，如：,那個人不也許是咱們老師，他年轻得多。,The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.,2.mustnt 意為“严禁、不許”，用来体現命令，表达强烈的語气。如：,You mustnt play football in the street.Its too dangerous.,你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。,易混點五 must 和 have to,1.must 侧重于個人意志和主观上的必要，還可以在间接引語中表达過去的必要或业务。,2.have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于目前時、過去時和未来時。如：,I know I must study hard.,我懂得我必须努力學习。,My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.,我弟弟病得厉害，我只好午夜裏把醫生請来。,I havent got any money with me,so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.,我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借點了。,He said they must work hard.,他說他們必须努力工作。,have to,肯定句用 has to+動詞原形,had to,dont,have to 否认句用 doesnt+have to+動詞原形,didnt,疑問句用 Does,Do+主語+have to+動詞原形,Did,易混點六 need，dare 的两种使用方法,1.need，dare 作情态動詞是，多用于否认句、疑問句中，後接動詞原形。如：,You neednt explain it to me.你不必向我解释這件事。,Dare you say that again?你敢再說壹遍吗？,2.在肯定句中，它們後边多接動詞不定式，此時為实义動詞。如：,Tom needs to fetch the bool for me.,汤姆需要給我取回那本書。,Mary dared to go across the street by herself.玛丽敢自已過馬路。,易混點 七 used to do/be used to doing/be used to do,used to do 表达過去常常发生的動作，强调過去，只用于過去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing 意為“习惯做”，be 可有多种時态；be used to do 意為“被使用去做,”為被動語态形式。如：,My father used to eating meat.我父亲過去起床晚，但目前不得不早起了。,She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。,He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。,Knives are used to cut things.刀是被用来切東西的。（被動語态）,措施壹 理解命題规律,测试内容出現频率较高的情态動詞重要集中在 can，may，must，need 等次的使用方法上，重點為如下四點:,1.can，could 表能力的使用方法。,2.常見情态動詞的提問和回答，尤其是 May I？No，you mustnt/cant.Must I?,No,you neednt/,3.表达推测的使用方法，肯定句中用may（也許），must（壹定），否认句中用may not（也許不），cant（不也許）。注意 cant 与mustnt 的区别。,4.情态動詞的被動語态。,措施二 掌握突破措施,1.從整体上把握情态動詞的基本使用方法。,_ you pass me a pen?Id like to write down the phone number.Sure.Here it is.,A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must,2.逐壹學习，理解每個情态動詞的使用方法特性。,May I go to the cinema,mum?Certainly,but you _ be back by 11 oclock.,A.can B.may C.must D.need,措施二 掌握突破措施,3.认真区别具有相似功能的、意思相近的情态動詞的使用方法。,You _ get there by bus.,A.dont need B.neednt to,C.dont need to D.need dont to,4.解答情态動詞的題目時，壹定要细心领會情景特性，不要放過任何细节，只有這样才能找到足够的信息，确定最佳答案。,You _ worry about me.Its nothing serious.,A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wont,易錯題型清單,錯因壹 語境理解錯误,Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Please?Sorry,Im not sure.But it _ be.,A.might B.may C.must,情态動詞表达推测時，肯定句中用 might，may，must，其肯定程度递增。,錯因二 否认形式混淆,The man in the office_be Mr.Black because he went home just now.,A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt,易錯題型清單,錯因三 相似詞語混淆,-Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?,-Id like to,but I _ look after my sister at home,because my mother is ill.,A.need B.must C.have to D.should,錯因四 疑問答語 易錯解,-May I take this book out of the reading room?,-_.Please read it here.,A.Certainly B.No,you neednt C.No,you mustnt D.No,you may not,May I?的否认答語為 No,you cant/mustnt.;,Must I?否认答語為 No，you neednt/dont have to.;,Can I?的否认答語為 No，you cant.,-_ you help me answer the telephone?,-OK.,A.Can B.May C.Need D.Must,Tom is young but he _ fly a kite by himself.,A.can B.may C.need D.must,Listen!Is that Kate playing the piano in the room?,-No.It_ be Kate.She has gone to London.,A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant,用,can，could 填空,-_ he swim?,-Yes,he _.But he _ swim two months ago.,Tom said he _ help me with my English.,-_ you tell me the way to the museum?,-Certainly.,-Could I cross the street here?,-Of course you _.,A.could B.can C.are able to D.will,-Mum,_ I play computer games?,-Yes,you can,but you have to finish your home work first.,A.would B.must C.may D.need,She _ know the answer,but Im not sure.,A.maybe B.may be C.may D.must,-Tom，dont drive too fast，you _ hit the others cars.,-OK.,A.must B.need C.may D.have to,Cars and buses _ stop when the traffic lights turn red.,A.can B.need C.may D.must,-_ we attend the party?,-No,you neednt.You are free.,A.Must B.Can C.May D.Shall,-Must I hand in all my money,Mum?,-No,you _.You can use it to buy some school things.,A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.should,You _ be tired after walking such a long way.Do sit down and have a rest.,A.can B.must C.should D.need,You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.,A.neednt to come B.dont need come C.dont need coming,E.neednt come,-Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi.,-Its not far.We _take a taxi.,A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.couldnt,How _ you talk to me like that?,A.dare B.dared C.daring D.dares,She said it as loudly as she _.,A.dare B.dared C.dares D.dare to,用dare 的合适形式填空,You told him?How did you _?,I hardly _ to hope shed remember me.,I _ say you know it already.,They _ not ask for any more money.,