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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,1,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,医学英语速记大全,认识世界的基本方法:3“w”原则,what,why,how,what,thrombocyto,penia,lympho,cytic,leu,kemia,医学英语术语,(medical term),:,上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义,我们将之统称为,医学英语术语,;,医学术语学,(medical terminology),:,将专门研究它的学问称为医学术语学,:,an introduction to the language of veterinary and human medicine.,上述的医学术语有的人可能不认识,但下面的单词相信您是认识的,carcinoma 癌,hepatitis 肝炎,cholesterol 胆固醇,why,三个数字,10万:医学辞典,1.0万:常用医学词汇,0.1万:每年医学新词,医学英语术语究竟有多少?很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下,1万,条左右,若包括较常用的在内总有数万条;一部比较完全的医学词典,通常都收载有,10万,条左右的医学词汇。,随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展,新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来,每年差不多要出现1000条左右新术语。因而总的说来,医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。,除了上述三个原因以外,还有一个,“词条冗长”,的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多,仅由几个字母或十几个字母组成,通过反复地读和写能够记住它们,但也有不少的医学英语术语,却是长长的一大串.,例如:cystoureteropyelonephritis 膀胱输尿管肾盂肾炎 hepatocholangioenterostomy 肝管小肠吻合术,请看这样的医学英语术语,一般由30个字母组成,如果凭藉我们的记忆能力,硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来,显然也不是一件轻松的事。,问题已经摆出来了,一个是数量大,一个是词条长,怎么解决呢?我们能不能仔细地研究分析一下这千千万万条医学英语术语的构成规律,找出一条“捷径”来,使其由多至少、化繁为简、从难变易,以利于我们更快、更多、更好地把它们掌握起来?,how,to,master medical term rapidly,规律性,medical term:按构词规则构成的词占80;另一部分是人名,药名等构成的词,占20;,先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。,词根是一个单词的核心,词缀包括前缀和后缀(prefix and suffix),词素(morpheme)泛指词根和词缀,一条医学英语术语的构成,“原则上”应该是采用来源一致的词素。,当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术语时,为了读音上的便利,常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个“连合元音”(也叫“复合形”或“结合形”,combining form)。,一般说来,在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“o”,而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“i”(但有时也有例外)。,第一章 医学英语术语 构词规则,下面先举出几个例子,以便取得一个初步印象。,希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 希腊词素 pyel 十 o 十 nephr 十 itis 词根(肾盂)词根(肾)词尾(炎),pyelonephritis,肾盂肾炎,希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素,leuk +o +cyt +o +peria,词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少,不足),1eukocytopenia 白细胞减少,拉丁词素 连合元音 拉丁词素 mult 十 i 十 para 词根(多)词尾(产,产妇)multipara 多产妇,拉丁词素 连合元音 希腊词素 希腊词素 fibr 十 o 十 chondr +itis 词根(纤维)词根(软骨)词尾(炎)fibrochondritis 纤维软骨炎,医学术语分类,从属关系:词根+词缀关系,并列关系:词根+词根,从属关系:词根+词缀关系,gastr+o+itis,gastritis 胃炎,规则一:,后缀以元音开头,“o”省略,leuk +o +cyt +o +penia词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少),规则二:,后缀以辅音开头,“o”不能省略,leukocytopenia 白细胞减少,并列关系:词根+词根规则:元音(o)不能省略,gastr+o+enter+o+ic 胃肠的,并列关系 从属关系,hepat+o+cholangi+o+enter+o+ostomy,并列关系 并列关系 从属关系,肝管小肠吻合,第二节 常用后缀,简单后,缀,复合后缀,简单后,缀,:-ia(2),condition -病,-症,复合后缀:-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ectasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia,-penia deficiency,lack 不足,缺少,减少,leucopenia 白细胞减少,erythropenia 红细胞减少,lymphopenia 淋巴细胞减少,thrombopenia 血小板减少,单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾,-escence(2)adolescence,-escent(2)adolescent,-ian(2)pediatrician,元音+tion(2)accomodation,-ious(2)infectious,-ate(2)reticulate,-ity(2)disability,-uria,urine condition 尿(症),hematuria(hemat/uria)血尿,-plegia,stroke,paralysis 中风,麻痹,thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia),热射病,中暑,-odynia,pain 痛,cardiodynia,心痛,-malacia,softening 软化,osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia)骨软化,-ectasia or ectasis,stretching,dilatation 扩张,膨胀,nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)肾扩张,-ectasis,扩张,angiectasis 血管扩张,bronchiectasis 支气管扩张,-algia,pain 痛,arthralgia(atther/algia),关节痛,neuralgia 神经痛,arthralgia 关节痛,-emia,blood condition血病 ,血症,leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病,bacteremia 菌血症,septicemia 败血症hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症,-,orrhagia出血,gastrorrhagia 胃出血,简单后缀-y:condition,act,process-术,-法,-症,复合后缀,-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly,-scopy(3),examination,process of examining visually 镜检查,视诊,laryngoscopy 喉镜检查 bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查,gastroscopy 胃镜检查 colonoscopy 结肠镜检查,cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查,-ostomy,process of making an opening into or a connection between开口或吻合,造口(术)或吻合(术),anastomosis 吻合术,colostomy 结肠造口术,gastrostomy 胃造口术,-(o)rrhaphy,suturing,process of suturing缝合术,Hermiorrhaphy 疝缝术,疝修补术,-rrhaphy,缝合术,colporrhaphy 阴道缝合术,herniorrhaphy 疝缝合术,-plasty(4),surgical reshaping or repair 成形术,arthroplasty 关节成形术 urethroplasty 尿道成形术,osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形术,成形术,-pexy,a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 固定术,hepatopexy 肝固定手术,-ology(3),act or process of studying 学,Pharmacology 药理学,-logist(3),one who studies and treats 学者和治疗者,urologist(ur/o/logist)泌尿专家,-iatry or iatrics,healing 愈合,医.之术,podiatry 医足术,-graphy(3),process of recording 描记术,-graph,(3),that which records描记器,-gram,(3),the record itself 描记图,-ectomy,excision,process of cutting out,切除(术),laryngectomy 喉切除术,thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术,mastectomy 乳房切除术,cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术,appendectomy 阑尾切除术,-,o,tomyincision,process of cutting into,切开(,术),laparotomy 剖腹术,tracheotomy 气管切开术,cramiotomy 颅骨切开术,-metry,measurement 测量,测定(术),dynamometry 肌力测量法,pelvimetry 骨盆测量法,-megaly large 大,atriomegaly 心房肥大,ventriculomegaly 心室扩大,splenomegaly 脾大,typhlomegaly 盲肠巨大,-e,an instrument器械 或名词后缀,复合后缀:-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyte,-tome,instrument for cutting 刀,arthrotome 关节刀,-cyte,noun marker,referring to a cell细胞,leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白细胞,-cele,hernia,herniation 突出,疝,肿,thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲状腺肿,-scope,instrument for viewing 镜,laryngoscope 喉镜,bronchoscope 支气管镜,laparoscope 腹腔镜,ophthalmoscope 检眼镜,-itis,(2)inflammation炎症,hepatitis(hepat/it is),肝炎,-ist,one who specializes in 的专家,学者,dermatologist 皮肤病专家,-or(er),refers to a doer,either a person or thing,工作者(人或工具),incisor(in/cis/or)切牙,-osis(2),a condition,usually abnormal or pathological异常或病理情况,sclerosis(scler/osis)硬化症,-oma(2),swelling,tumor肿胀,肿瘤,sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤,-ism,a condition,usually the result of a prior condition情况,前一情况的结果,embolism(em/bol/ism)栓塞,-(i)um(2),refers to a part in relation to a whole,related to,部分与整体关系,与有关,pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部,-ac,的,cardiac(cardi/ac)心脏的,-al,的,bronchial(bronch/i/al),支气管的,-ar,的,tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃体的,-ic(2),的,hepatic(hepat/ic)肝的,-eal,的,esophageal(esophag/eal)食道,-ary,的,ciliary(cili/ary)睫状的,-,ous,的含的分泌的,mucous(muc/ous)粘液的fibrous(fibr/ous)纤维性的sebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的,-oid(3),类似,象,cystoid(cyst/oid)囊样的,-meter,instrument for measuring测量用器具,thermoneter(therm/o/meter)温度计,-meter,(3),计、表,spiromet 呼吸量计,肺量计,ophthalmometer 检眼计,-(o)rrhea(1),flow,discharge流出,分泌,diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹泻,-lysis,dissolution溶解 decomposition解体,hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血,-pathy,disease,diseased condition病,病理情况,ophthalmopathy,眼病,-blast,a cell that is undifferentiated,primitive,embryonic未分化的原始胚细胞,hemocytoblast 成血细胞、原血细胞,-centesis,surgical puncture to withdraw fluid外科穿刺吸液,amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术,-centesis,穿刺术,paracentesis 穿刺术,thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术,amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术 abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺术,-clysis,washing,introduction of fluid for the purpose of irrigation洗,bronchoclysis,(bronch/o/clysis)支气管灌洗,-ptosis,a falling,the dropping or sagging of an organ落下,nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)肾下垂,-ptysis,咳、咯,hemoptysis 咯血,pyoptysis 咯脓,-(o)rrhexis,rupture 破裂,hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis),肝破裂,-sclerosis,a hardening 硬化,arteriosclerosis,(hepat/o/sclerosis)动脉硬化,-stasis,arresting,halting停止,制止,bacteriostasis,(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用,-stenosis,a narrowing,a stricture变狭,狭窄,arteriostenosis(arteri/o/stenosis)动脉狭窄,-gram,图像,electrocardiogram 心电图 electroencephalogram 脑电图,-graph,描记器,pneumograph 呼吸描记器,-emesis,呕吐,emetic 催吐的,antiemetic 止吐的,50个常用词根,aden,angi,arteri,arthr,blephar,bronch,cardi,celi,cephal,cerebr,gland,vessel,artery,joint,eyelid,bronchus,heart,abdomen(abdominal cavity),head,cerebrum,brain,50个常用词根,cheil,cholangi,dermat,encephal,enter,erythr,esophag,gastr,hepat,hypn,lip,bile duct,skin,brain,intestines,red,esophagus,stomach,liver,sleep,50个常用词根,hyster,lapar,laryng,mamm,mening,my,myel,myelon,nephr,neur,uterus,abdomen,larynx,breast,meninges,muscle,bone marrow;spinal cord,bone marrow,kidney,nerve,50个常用词根,psych,rachi,rhin,splen,stomat,thorac,trache,urethr,uter,vesic,mind,vertebra;spinal or vertebral column,nose,spleen,mouth,thorax(chest),trachea,urethra,uterus,bladder;sac,50个常用词根,ophthalm,orchid,oste,ot,pancreat,pharyng,phren,pleur,pneumon,proct,eye,testis;testicle,bone,ear,pancreas,pharynx,mind,pleura,lung;air,rectum,第三节,前缀,a-,用于非h或非元音字母开头的形容词前(否则,变为an-),a+adjadj 表否定:without,or absence of,不,无,没有,缺离,amorphous 无定形的,apnea 呼吸暂停,anhydrosis 无汗症,a-,用在名词前,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等,意:a+nadv,asleep 在熟睡中(in),ahead 在前头(in),aside 在一边(by),abreast 肩并肩地(with),a-,a+nadj,alight 燃烧的,a-,a+adjadv,aloud 高声地,aright 正确地,ab-,from,away from,从,离开,在m,p,v之前用a-;在c,q,t之前用ab-,abarticular 关节脱位,ad-,to,toward,near,向,靠近,到,上,adrenal 肾上腺,ad-,在g前变为ag,f 前变为af,afferent,在l 前变为al,在n 前变为an,在r 前变为ar,在s 前变为as,在t 前变为at,在sc,sp,st 前变为a-,在c,k,q 同化成ac,ana-,up,back again,向上,重回到,anabolism 合成代谢,ante-,before,在前,anteflexion,前屈,bi(n,s),two,double 两,加倍,二,biceps 二头肌,auto-,self自己,autotrophic 自营的,apo-upon 在之上,apogee 远地点,anti-,against反抗,antidote 解毒剂,antero-front前,anteroposterior 前后的,circum-,around,环行,围绕,circumduction 环行运动,brady-slow,缓慢的,bradycardia 心率缓慢,cata-down,catabiosis 老化现象,co(n)-,with,together,与,,在一起,cocarcimogenesis 辅致癌物质,co(n)-,h或元音字母前变成co-,l 前变成col-,b,m,p前变成com-,r前变成cor-,在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v前用con-,contra-,against,反抗,contraceptive 节育,dia-,though,;complete,通过,,透过,横过,diarthermy 透热法,di-,twice,double二倍,加倍,diarthric 两关节的,de-,from,;,down from;lack of 从.,缺乏,脱,deoxidation 脱氧,dis-,apart,free from,separate,to undo;free fro,离开,分开,dislocation 脱位,脱臼,二,加倍 disulfide,dys-,bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal,困难的,缓慢的,疼痛的,.,dysentery痢疾,ec(to)-,outside,outer外面,在外,ectoderm 外胚层,en-,(在b,m,p之前变成em-)in,within,内,在内,encephalic 脑,endo-,inside,inner,within内,内部,endocrine 内分泌,eu-(mal-),good,well,normal好、正常,,佳,优,euphoria欣快,精神愉快,epi-,over,upon,on外面,上面,表,表位,在.上面,epigastrium 上腹部,eso-inward,esocataphoria 内下隐斜视,e-外出,除去,缺,ecaudate 无尾的,ex(o)-,out of,from,outside,outward 外面,向外的,在之外,离开,excision 切除,在b,d,g,h,m,n,r之前有时变成e-,在f前变成ef-,efferent 传出的,extra-,outside of,beyond在外面,超过,extracorporeal 体外的,hemi-,half(,一),半,hemiparalysis 偏瘫,hyper-above,excessive,高,,过度,,过多的,hypertention 高血压,hypo-,under,less than normal,below,incomplete,deficient,低少于正常,低,不足的,有缺陷的,hypoglycemia 低血糖,in-,in,into在内,进入,ingestion 摄入,in-,not否定,不,incoagulability不凝性,在b,m,p之前变成im-,在l前变成il-,在r前变成ir-,infra-,below,lower在下,低于,infracostal 肋下的,intra-,within(在)内,intravenous 静脉的,inter-,between在-之间,interventricular 室间的,meta-after,beyond,change 偏,旁,变,macro-large 大,mal-bad,malnutrition 营养不良,meso-middle mesoderm 中胚层,micro-small 小,multi-many 多,neo-(paleo-)new 新,nulli-none 无,ob-(在c,f,g,p前分别变成oc-,of-,og-,op-),对抗,颠倒,在前,朝向,接近,obovate 倒卵形的,pan-,all,total(,在b,m,p之前变成pam-),完全,全部,总,泛,多,panangitis 血管全层炎,para-,beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,around,旁,附着,异常,paranephric 肾旁的,肾上腺的,(-para)产,per-,through通过,peroral 经口的,post-,after,behind在后,在-后方,postnasal 鼻后的,peri-,surrounding(outer),around周围,perihepatitis 肝周炎,pre-,before,in front of,premolar 前磨牙,semi-,half 半,semisynthetic 半合成的,pros-,to,near,in addition to 到,靠近,加上,prosthetice 修复学,pro-,before,in front of 在之前,prognosis 预后,poly-many,much,polypeptide 多肽,re-back,retro-back;behind,sub-,under,below,在下,subcutaneous 皮下的,supra-,above,over高于,超过,supracranial 颅上的,super-,above,over高于,超过,superlactation 泌乳过多,syn-,(在b,m,p之前变成sym-)with,together,joined,与在一起,合成,synapse 突触,神经键,trans-,across,through,over,beyond,transabdominal 通过腹部的,tachy-fast;rapid,tachycardia 心动过速,tetra-four,tetralogy 四联症,tri-three,trimester 三月期,uni-one,unilateral 单侧的,ultra-beyond;excess,ultrasonic 超声的,part 各系统常用,词根,与,例词,表,第一章 心血管系统,cardi(o)-心,c,ardiovascular 心血管的,cardiogenic 心,源,性的,cardiopulmonary 心肺的,cardiopathy 心脏病,atri(o)-心房,atrial 心房的,atriopeptin 心房肽激素,atrioventricular 房室的 atriomegaly 心房肥大,ventricul(o)-心室,ventricular (心)室的 ventriculoarterial 心室动脉的,ventriculography 心室造影术 ventriculomegaly 心室扩大,valv(o)-,valvu,l,(o)-瓣膜,valvular 瓣膜的,valvotomy 瓣膜切开术,valvopl,a,sty 瓣膜成形术,valvuloplasty 瓣膜成形术,vas(o)-,angi(o)血管,vascular 血管的 vasoconstriction 血管收缩,vasodilator 血管舒张(的),vasculitis 脉管angiography 血管造影术 angiotensin 血管紧张素,arteri(o)-动脉,arterial 动脉的,arteriography 动脉造影术,arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化,art,er,itis 动脉炎,arteriol(o)-,小动脉,arteriolar 小动脉的 arterioloscleroisis 小动脉硬化,arteriolopathy 小动脉病 arteriolonecrosis 小动脉坏死,arteriolitis 小动脉炎 arteriolovenous 小动脉静脉的,ven(o)-,phleb(o)-静脉,venous 静脉的 venoconstriction静脉收缩,venography静脉造影术 venodilation静脉扩张phlebitis 静脉炎 phlebotomy 静脉切开术,venul,(o)-,小静脉,venular 小静脉的,venulitis 小静脉炎,aort(o)主动脉,aortic 主动脉的 aortography 主动脉造影术,aortitis 主动脉炎 aortotomy 主动脉切开术,capillar(o),-毛细,血管,capillarity毛细作用 capillaritis毛细管炎capillaropathy毛细血管病,puls,(o)-,脉搏,pulse,d 脉搏的,脉冲的 pulseless 无脉搏的,pulsation 搏动,pulsate 搏动,第二章 呼吸系统,-spir(o)呼吸,respiratory 呼吸的,exp,i,ratory 呼,气,的,inspi,ratory,吸气,的,expire 呼气,pneum(o)-呼吸,pneumothorax 气胸 pneumomediastinum 纵隔积气,pneumat(o)-呼吸,pneumatic 气的,呼吸的 pneumotosis 积气症,-pnea,呼吸,apnea 呼吸暂停,dyspnea 呼吸困难,pneo-呼吸,eupnea 呼吸正常,pneogram 呼吸 运动描记图,naso-鼻,nasal 鼻的,nasolacrimal 鼻泪的,nas(o)-,鼻,nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的 nasotracheal 鼻气管的,rhin(o)-鼻,rhinitis 鼻炎,rhinotracheitis 鼻气管,rhinovirus 鼻病毒,rhinopneumonitis 鼻肺炎,laryng(o)-,喉,laryngeal 喉的,laryngitis 喉炎,laryngoscope 喉镜,laryngoscopy 喉镜检查,glott(o)-,声门,舌,glottic 声门的,舌的,glottal 声门的,glottitis 舌炎,glottology 舌学,trache(o)-气管,tracheal 气管的,trachectomy 气管切开术,trachitis 气管炎,tracheobronchial 气管支气管的,bronch(o)-支气管,bronchial 支气管的 bronchoconstriction 支气管收缩,bronchitis 支气管炎 bronchiectasis 支气管扩张,bronchopulmonary 支气管肺的,bronchiol(o)-,细支气管,bronchiolitis 细支气管炎 bronchioli (bronchiolus复数),bronchiolar 细支气管的 bronchiolectasis 细支气管扩张,pulmo(n)-肺,pulmonary 肺的,pulmonology 肺科学,pulmonectomy 全 肺切除术,pneumon(o)-肺,pneumonia 肺炎 pneumonectomy 肺切除术 pneumoconiosis 尘肺病,pneumococcal 肺炎球菌的 pneumocyte 肺细胞,alve,ol,(o)-肺泡,alveolar 小泡的,alveolitis 肺泡炎,alveoli (alveoli复数)alveolocapillary 肺泡毛细管的,pleur(o)-胸膜,pleural 胸膜的,pleuritis 肺胸膜炎,pleurisy 胸膜炎 pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎,第三章 消化系统,-gest(o)-消化,digestive 消化的,maldigestion 消化不良,ingestion 食入,摄入,indigestion 消化不良,peps(o)-消化,pepsin 胃蛋白酶,pepstatin 胃酶抑素,dyspepsia 消化不良,pepsinogenic 胃蛋白原的,pharyng(o)-咽,pharyngeal 咽的,pharyngo1aryngeal 咽喉的,pharyngitis 咽炎,pharyngotonsillitis 咽扁桃体炎,pharyngoplasty 咽成形术,pharyngectomy 咽部分切除术,esophag(o)-食管,esophageal 食管的 esophagectomy 食管切除术,esophagitis 食管炎 esophagoscopy 食管镜检查,gastr(o)-胃,gastrointestinal 胃肠的,gastrin 促胃液素,gastric 胃的,gastritis 胃炎,gastrectomy 胃切除术,gastroenterology 胃肠病学,stomach-胃,stomachial 胃的,stomachodynia 胃痛,stomachalgia 胃痛 stomachoscopy 胃检查,enter(o)-肠,enterotoxin 肠毒素 enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科,enteric,enteral 肠的,enterococcus 肠球菌科,duoden(o)-十二指肠,duodenal 十二指肠的 duodenogastric 十二指肠胃的,duodenitis 十二指肠炎 duodenoscopy 十二指肠镜检查,jejun(o)-空肠,jejunal 空肠的,jejunoileal 空肠回肠的,jejunitis 空肠炎,jejunostomy 空肠造口术,ile(o)-回肠,ileal 回肠的,ileocolic 回肠结肠的,ileitis 回肠炎,ileocolostomy 回肠结肠吻合术,ileocecal 回肠盲肠的,ileorectal 回肠直肠的,colon(o)-结肠,colonic 结肠的,colonoplasty 结肠成形术,colonoscopy 结肠镜检查 colonofibroscop,e,纤维结肠镜,cec(o)-盲肠,cecal 盲肠的,cecoapendicular 盲肠阑尾的,cecocolonic 盲肠结肠的,cecorectal 盲肠直肠的,typhl(o)-盲肠,typhlitis 盲肠炎,typhlostomy 盲肠造口术,typhlocolitis 盲肠结肠炎 typhlomegaly 盲肠巨大,appendic(o)-阑尾,appendicitis 阑尾炎,appendiceal 阑尾的,append(ic)ectomy 阑尾切除术,sigmoid(o)-乙状结肠,sigmoidal 乙状结肠的 sigmoidoscopy 乙状结肠镜检查,sigmoiditits 乙状结肠炎 sigmoidostomy 乙状结肠造口术,rect(o)-直肠,rectal 直肠的,rectocolitis 直肠结肠炎,rectoromanoscopy 直肠乙状结肠镜检查,an(o)-肛门,anal 肛门的,anorectal 肛门直肠的,perianal 肛周的,anoscopy 肛门镜检查,procto(co)-肛门,proctalgia 肛门痛,proctatresia 肛门闭锁,arch(o)肛门,architis 肛门炎 archoptosis 脱肛,cholecyst(o)-or cyst-,胆囊,cholecystitis 胆囊炎,cholecystography 胆囊造影术,cho1ecystokinin 缩胆素,cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术,cholecystotomy 胆囊切开术,cholecyststomy 胆囊造口术,jec-肝,jecoral 肝的 jecoic acid 肝酸,hepat(o)-肝,hepatic 肝的,heparin 肝素,hepatitis 肝炎,hepatocellular 肝细胞的,pancreat(o)-胰,pancreatic 胰的,pancreatin 胰酶,pancreatitis 胰腺炎 pancreatopeptidase 胰肽酶,choledoch(o)-胆总管,choledochal 胆总管的 choledochocele 胆总管囊肿,cholangi(o)-胆管,cholangitis 胆管炎,cholangiopancreatography 胆管胰造影术,cholangiography 胆管造影术,第四章 泌尿系统,urin(o)-尿
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