字母音标教学(详细版).pdf

字母音标教学字母音标教学1、字母的分类：元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu辅音字母：Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Zz 半元音字母：Yy2、字母自身的音素字母AaBbCcDdEeFfGg音素eibi:si:di:i:efdi:字母HhIiJjKkLlMmNn音素eit ai deikeielemen字母OoPpQqRrSsTt音素 u pi:kju:esti:字母UuVvWwXxYyZz音素ju:vi:dblju:ekswaized二、国际音标英语音标发音表英语音标发音表英语国际音标共 48 个音素，其中元音音素 20 个，辅音音素 28 个。国际音标（英语语音）前元音i:ie中元音:单元音后元音u:u:a:开合双元音eiaiiuau元音双元音集中双元音iu清辅音ptk爆破音浊辅音bdg清辅音fsh摩擦音浊辅音vz清辅音ttrts破擦音浊辅音ddrdz鼻音（浊辅音）mn舌则音（浊辅音）lr辅音半元音（浊辅音）wj英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料 音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例 子/i:/E/i:/he/hi:/key/ki:/three/ri:/meet/mi:t/i/it/it/is/iz/list/list/his/hiz/six/siks/e/egg/eg/red/red/bed/bed/pen/pen/seven/sevn/well/wel/spell/spel/am/m/bag/bg/map/mp/black/blk/jacket/dkit/:/four/f:/ball/b:l/horse/h:s/saw/s:/course/k:s/dog/dg/orange/rind/what/wt/clock/klk/a:/are/a:/card/ka:d/last/la:st/u:/blue/blu:/ruler/ru:l/to/tu:/two/tu:/food/fu:d/u/good/gud/book/buk/look/luk/put/put/would/wud/could/kud/color/kl/bus/bs/but/bt/love/lv/brother/br/mother/m/:/girl/g:l/her/h:/first/f:st/ruler/ru:l/color/kl/better/bet/never/nev/welcome/welkm/ei/A/ei/name/neim/cake/keik/Dale/deil/eight/eit/case/keis/u/O/u/OK/ukei/know/nu/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/ai/I/ai/my/mai/hi/hai/nice/nais/five/faiv/fine/fain/white/wait/au/how/hau/about/baut/out/aut/house/haus/i/boy/bi/toy/ti/noise/niz/voice/vis/point/pint/coin/kin/i/ear/i/耳朵 here/hi/dear/di/near/ni/idea/aidi/hear/hi/chair/t/air/tear/t/care/k/fair/f/there/u/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/u/英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料 音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例 子/p/pen/pen/map/mp/cap/kp/please/pli:z/b/bag/bg/book/buk/bee/bi:/by/bai/black/blk/bear/b/t/what/wt/quilt/kwilt/list/list/d/dog/dg/good/gud/led/led/sad/sd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di/k/key/ki:/book/buk/clock/klk/g/bag/bg/good/gud/girl/g:l/f/five/faiv/fine/fain/four/f:/family/fmli/v/five/faiv/have/hv/love/lv/very/veri/thank/k/three/ri:/south/sau/bath/ba:/thick/ik/this/is/that/t/brother/br/the/they/ei/father/fa:/s/spell/spel/face/feis/（脸）mouse/maus/z/zero/ziru/close/kluz/keys/ki:z/boys/biz/pens/penz/t/chair/t/chess/tes/（棋）lunch/lnt/teacher/ti:t/d/orange/rind/jacket/dkit/Jack/dk/large/la:d/juice/du:s/tr/tree/tri:/（树）try/trai/truck/trk/true/tru:/trouble/trbl/track/trk/dr/dry/drai/(使变干)dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/drik/hundred/hndrid/she/i:/fish/fi/English/igli/sharpener/a:pn/shoe/u:/pleasure/ple/measure/me/television/telivin/ts/its/its/whats/wts/lets/lets/sports/sp:ts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/dz/hands/hndz/birds/b:dz/friends/frendz/beds/bedz/stands/stndz/h/how/hau/her/h:/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/hear/hi/half/ha:f/l/ruler/ru:l/list/list/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l:n/light/lait/m/my/mai/map/mp/Mary/meri/more/m:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/n/nice/nais/nine/nain/fine/fain/mind/maind/evening/i:vni/English/igli/sing/si/wing/wi/ring/ri/j/you/ju:/yellow/jelu/few/fju:/music/mju:zik/student/stju:dnt/beautiful/bju:tfl/w/what/wt/well/wel/white/wait/work/w:k/way/wei/r/red/red/ruler/ru:l/road/rud/write/rait/（w 不发音)wrong/r/26 个字母发音规律及个字母发音规律及英语字母组合发音表英语字母组合发音表a /ei/name cake table /apple cat map am /:/want dance /o/what watchb /b/book big bag boxc /k/cat cake cup clock car /s/face nice pencil booksd /d/desk doll dog dad e /i:/he she meet me /e/elephant egg bed penf /f/fine friend fly foot fang /gun glass glad glove /d/age orangeh /h/hat he house handi /ai/fine bike five ice /i/is sit miss pig picturej /d/jeep jam jacket jark /k/kite cake black thankl /l/leg left ruler flag lamp /l/apple bowl tell oldm /m/am map my mouth milk n /n/no know new hando /u/old home nose coke /o/dog not clock box /son month mother lovep /p/map jeep pig pen appleq /kw/quite quilt quickr /r/red radio brother rackets /s/sit miss this smile books /z/nose those rose rulerst /t/it sit not that table littleu /ju:/use usually excuse /bus us sun duck /u/put pull pushv /v/five vase very sevenw /w/we window watch wantx /ks/box six foxy /ai/my fly why bye /j/yes yellow /i/happy baby veryz /z/zoo zero元音字母组合发音表元音字母组合位置读音例词例外重读a:mark carve article party market March farm hard在 W 后:warm warn reward warar非重读 grammar重读:service certain serveer非重读worker farmer teacher 重读:form important corner horse在 W 后:work word world worthor非重读 mirror doctor forbid forget重读:church Thursday nurse turn return ur非重读surprise surround murmur ir重读:thirsty dirty first girl重读音节eitailor remain grain sail praise raise brain 非重读音节icaptain aicertainsaid eau:causeaunt a:walk ball all talk al:lalways almost already although half a:alms a:aw:draw dawn saw airefair affair hair upstairsareedare glare share compare careful area:augh:taught caught daughter naughtylaugha:f重读音节eidelay play say way todayaay非重读音节iSunday Monday says ei:repeat leaf lead peace disease cream esweater thread headache heavy breakfast 特殊eigreat greatly break eaireal idea theatreeei:sleep freely weed steel degree eariappear clear near hear dear ear heart a:heard learn earn early searchewear bear swear pear eiireceive seize ceiling ju:few new newsew在l，r后u:blew flew threw drew sewuereethere wherehere i重读音节eigrey hey obey ey非重读音节imonkey donkey key i:eeigheiweight eight eightyi:piece thief field chief ieailie tie diedietaiquietaiireaiwire inspire hire tire iighairight fight night high bright light oauloaf road soap coat boat broad:abroad:oiivoice noise point choice oyitoy boy joy joyful在其他字母前u:roof choose school shoot woolufootuoo在 k，d 前utook look cook stood wood good foodu:flood blood oor:floor door pooruaupound rouse mountain trousers ground thousand couple cousin double country touch trouble u:route group routine soupouucould should would shoulderusouluough:fought bought brought thought thoughuplough aucough fthroughu:thoroughenough foowaudown brown flower knowledgeubowl sow window row owner low show throw grow重读音节usure surely uure非重读音节:pleasure 辅音字母组合发音（全）字母组合发音词 例ble blable table possiblechairkschoolchmachineckkjacket clekluncle circle bicycledegd3bridge judge knowledgeged3age change village hugeflaughgh有时不发音eight daughterwlanguageguguessgnnsign foreigngueleagueknnknow knife knee knitmbmclimbmnmautumnmorningngEnglishnkkthanknckunclephfphoneple pl apple people examplequkwquilt sc sscience scent scissorsh shesion3nconclusion invasionssionnexpression discussionstleslcastle whistle rustletaltlcapital hospitaltain tn britain certaintchwatchthanksththis tionnnation station dictionarytle tlgentle battle bottleture tpicture nature mixture一般情况下发wwhat wh在字母 O 前发hwhowrrwrite音节音节什么叫音节？什么叫音节？音节音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m，n，ng，l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。什什么么是是成成音音节节？knnknowdgebridge-ingstandingnquestion-tionndictionary-turepicture-sionndecision成音节的含义:音标中,一个辅音字母加上一个 m或n或l,构成成音节 例词:noodlenu:dl 在英语中元音特别响亮，一个元音可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来，元音可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音m，n，ng，l是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音。如何划分音节如何划分音节？在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er什么是重读音节什么是重读音节？重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。什什么么是是开开音音节节？开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。在开音节中，元音字母发长音(本身音)。绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：me,be,he,no,go,so相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home excuse如何识别开音节和闭音节？什什么么闭闭音音节节？什么叫闭音节?单个元音字母后面有辅字组成（r w y 除外），且 以辅音字母结尾的 音节。如果该音节重读，则叫做重读闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。例如：bag draw begin fish not cup。英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是 ap/ple 前面那个 ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。重读闭音节 后要加 ing 或 ed 时，要双写才能加。如：如:sit-sitting stopped begin-beginningput-puttingswim-swimming举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding(重读闭音节，双写)prohibit-prohibiting（重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）重读闭音节三要素：1.必须是重读音节；2.最后只有一个辅音字母；3.元音字母发短元音 元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音：元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音：元音字母AaEeIiOoUu开音节eii:/ai/u/ju:闭音节/e/i/u/英语音标表、字母表英语音标表、字母表-字母、字母组合发音规律记忆字母、字母组合发音规律记忆元音音标表（20 个）5 个元音的字母音 a ei e i:i ai o u u u:5 个元音的短元音：a e bag cat hat mape e pen bed ten henI i big pig sit hillo box hot dog frogu u but mum bus mug12 个单元音：短元音e e i u 长元音 i:a:u:8 个双元音：ei ai u au i i e u元音发音规则表：1.单元音/i:/see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep开音节中的 e/i:/me be sheee/i:/see sleep deep feet needea/i:/read eat meal seat2.单元音/i/in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid闭音节中的 i/i/if,his,film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)闭音节中的 y/i/sympathy,syllable,system,gym位于词尾的 y/i/city,pity,willingly,possibility3.单元音/e/get let bed pen best rest wet never better best闭音节中的 e/e/bed,peg,set,tellea/e/dead,heaven,feather4.单元音/e/hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact闭音节中的 a/e/bad,lad,rat,cab5.单元音/a:/heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn passar/a:/arm,ark,lard,dark,car,card,hard,harm6.单元音/lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock闭音节中的 o/hot,got,not,lost,on,soft7/./:tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thoughtor/:/or,sport,bored,horse,more,beforea(+ll 或 lk)/:/all,fall,talk,walkaw/:/law,paw,draw,flaw,claw8.单元音/u/cook book look put good full foot wouldu/u/put,full,pull,push,sugar,cushionoo/u/good,took,wood,wool,stood,bedroomou/u/could,would,should9.单元音/u:/too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose newoo/u:/fool,booth,room,foodou/u:/soup,you,groupo/u:/do,to,who10./cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck闭音节中的 u/but,hunt,sun,duck,luck闭音节中的 o/son,once,colour,other,moneyou/rough,enough,touch,cousin,young11.单元音/:/shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curseer/:/herd,verb,mercyir/:/thirty,shirt,third,firur/:/turn,church,burn,nurse,curseor/:/word,work,world,worseear/:/heard,earth,search12.单元音/ago about asleep above again among mother brother许多元音在非重读章节中读成/，所以/的拼写形式多种多样。如：about,sofa,doctor,colour,figure13.双元音/ei/May pay way day same hay great gain pain spadea/ei/save,face,paleay/ei/day,pay,mayai/ei/wait,fail,straitea/ei/break,great14.双元音/u/no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soulo/u/go,hello,no,open,over,joking,Octoberoa/u/coat,soap,boat,road,coastow/u/snow,throw,blow,show,know,window15.双元音/ai/bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine like开音节中的 i/ai/time,crime,rite,fineigh/ai/high,might,night,light,brighty/ai/cry,my,sky,fly,July,replyie/ai/eye,dye,bye16.双元音/au/how now cow out mouse down house brown foundou/au/about,around,found,sound,mouseow/au/down,crowd,town,brown,now,how17.双元音/i/boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toiloi/i/oil,boil,join,coin,spoilt,voice,choice,noiseoy/i/toy,boy,enjoy,destroy,annoy,loyal,employer18.双元音/i/ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really ideaear/i/ear,dear,hear,clear,beardea/i/idea,real,theatreere/i/here,mere,severeeer/i/beer,queer,engineer19.双元音/e/care wear hair there fair careful variousare/e/care,share,fare,hare，carelessair/e/air,fair,chair，repair20.双元音/u/tour sure poor pure cure tourist ur/u/cure,pure,fury词词尾尾-ed 的的发发音音规规则则：1.t/d 后后读读/id/,2.清清浊浊元音浊。清辅音后读/t/浊辅音后读/d/t/d/二音后读/id/元音后读/d/特殊情况除外(没有几个,不用记了)在清辅音后面 tasked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached在浊辅音和元音后面 dcalled borrowed movedmu:vd enjoyed welcomed answered在t音后面 idwantedwntid startedsta:tid在d音后面读id neededni:did countedkauntid0补充说明：规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1.直接在词尾加-ed。如:wantwanted,workworked,needneeded,cleancleaned2.以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked,livelived,useused,movemoved3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped,triptripped4.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把 y 变成 i，再加-ed。如：studystudied,carrycarried,hurryhurried,marrymarried不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1.以 t 结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput,letlet,cutcut,beatbeat2.以 d 结尾的词，把 d 变成 t。如:buildbuilt,lendlent,sendsent,spendspent3.以 n 结尾的词，在词后加 t。如：meanmeant,burnburnt,learnlearnt4.以 ow/aw 结尾的词，把 ow/aw 变成 ew。如：blowblew,drawdrew,knowknew,growgrew5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加 t。如：keepkept,sleepslept,feelfelt,smellsmelt6.含有元音字母 o/i 的词，将 o/i 变成 a。如：singsang,givegave,sitsat,drinkdrank词词尾尾-es/s 的的发发音音规规则则：动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如：stopstops s;makemakes s readreads z;playplays z 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如：flyflies z；carrycarries z studystudies z;worryworries 3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如：teachteaches iz;watchwatches iz 4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如：gogoes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做iz。如：closecloses iz 二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同：变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象 例词：babybabies carrycarries studystudying be 动词包括：am，is，are。第三人称单数用 is；过去式为 was；复数用 are，过去式为 were.自然拼音拼读练习表自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa:mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi:lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinese bite five nine kite mine nice ride side rose nose rope note pose home rode those tube cube June cute huge 第二天第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai:tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid ay:bay ray way say hay pay May lay ee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruit ue:Sue blue glue true 第三天第三天:ar er ir ur or ar:arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork 第四天第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse ow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hook ea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather 第五天第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teeth kn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl:flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sled