高考英语总复习-第三部分-写作专题-Step-One-句式类-专题三-特殊句式.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题三,特殊句式,1/27,一、特殊句式分类,英语中常见特殊句式有：there be 句式、with 复合结构、,强调句，倒装句及独立主格成份等。,二、特殊句式使用方法,(,一,),there be,句式,1此句型是由“there be主语状语”组成，用以表示,“存在有”。它其实是倒装一个情况，主语位于谓语动词 be,之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。be 与其后主语在,人称和数上一致，有时态和数改变。其,基本结构有：,2/27,普通现在时,there is/are.,过去时,未来时,there was/were.,there will be./there is/are going to be.,2可用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,used to,be,happen 等词代替 be 动词。此时还表示“存在有”，但表意,要更详细一些。如：,There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.山脚下曾,住着一位老人。,3/27,3there be 句式,常见结构：,(1)There is no need to do sth.,“没必要做某事”,Many students think that they can just use a computer,so there,is no need to waste time improving handwriting.许多学生认为他,们能够只使用电脑，所以没有必要浪费时间提升书法。,(2)There is no denying that,.,“不可否定”,There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement,and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否定，是老师,勉励和帮助让我稳步前进。,4/27,(3)There is a famous saying that,“有句名言说”,There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good,endings”，which shows the importance of habits.有句名言说：“好,习惯带来好结果”，这表明了习惯主要性。,(4)There is no doubt that,“毫无疑问”,There is no doubt that making a suitable timetable is the first,necessary pace in order to allocate the time well,so I always make,a schedule for study.毫无疑问，为合理分配时间制订一个适当,时刻表是必要第一步，所以我总是为学习制订一个时刻表。,5/27,(5)There is no use/good doing sth.“做某事是没有用/没有,必要”,There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要。,(6)There is no difficulty in doing sth.“做某事是没有困难,”,There is no difficulty in finding his office.找到他办公室没,费一点劲。,6/27,(,二,),with,复合结,构,它是由“介词 with/without复合结构”组成，复合结构做,介词 with 或 without 复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由,名词或代词充,当；第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、,动词不定式或分词充当；分词能够是现在分词，也能够是过去,分词。,with 结构组成方式以下：,1with/without名词/代词形容词；,2with/without名词/代词副词；,3with/without名词/代词介词短语；,4with/without名词/代词动词不定式；,7/27,5with/without名词/代词分词。,在句子中 with 结构多数充,当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情,况、时间、原因或条件。如：,She came into the room,with her nose red because of,cold.(with名词形容词，做伴随状语)她进了房间，鼻子被冻,得通红。,With the meal over,we all went home.(with名词副词，做,时间状语)吃完饭，我们都回家了。,with 结构在句中也能够做定语。如：,I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.我喜欢吃蛋黄月饼。,8/27,(,三,)强调,句,强调句结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其,他成份。,被强调部分放在 It is/was 之后，其它部分置于 that/who,之后。被强调部分能够是主语、宾语、表语或状语等。强调,主语假如是人，能够由 who 代替 that。,1被强调成份举例：,原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.,强调主语：It was,Tom,that/who found my pen in the,classroom yesterday.,9/27,强调宾语：It was,my pen,that Tom found in the classroom,yesterday.,强调地点状语：It was,in the classroom,that Tom found my,pen yesterday.,强调时间状语：It was,yesterday,that Tom found my pen in the,classroom.,2强调句型普通疑问式：直接把 is 或 was 提到 it 之前,即可。如：,Was it Tom that/who found your pen in the classroom,yesterday？是汤姆昨天在教室里找到了你钢笔吗？,10/27,3强调句型特殊疑问式：“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat,句子其它成份”。特殊疑问词即是被强调成份。如：,Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday？,是谁昨天在教室里找到了你钢笔？,4强调原因状语从句要注意：若从句由 as 或 since 引导，,强调时则改为 because，因为 because 引导原因状语从句表示,意义非常强烈，符合,强调句目标。如：,As she got up late,she missed the first bus.It was because,she got up late that she missed the bus.就是因为她起床晚了，她才,错过了公交车。,11/27,5强调句否定转移：有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把,否定转移到被强调词语之前，尤其是“not.until.”，句式,强调要尤其注意。如：,He didnt realize his mistake until the teacher had told,him.It wasnt until the teacher had told him that he realized his,mistake.直到老师告,诉他，他才意识到错误。,注意：,在强调句式中，即使,not,被提前，但,“not.until.”,句,型不要倒装。,12/27,高考中强调句型考查热点,考点一：强调句型基本结构,强调句型“It is/was 被强调成份that/who 其它成,分”，用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that/who 只起连接,作用，不做成份，但不能省略。有时强调部分比较特殊，如,主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、,v,.-ing 复合结构等。,如：,It was what he said that made her angry yesterday.昨天他所说,使她生气了。,13/27,考点二：特殊句式中强调句型,1 假如强调是特殊疑问句中疑问词，表示,“到,底”“终究”等语气时，就用结构：“特殊,疑问词is/wasit,that句子其它成份”。如：,How is it that you usually go to work？你通常是怎样去上班,？,2在强调“not.until”结构中，由 until 所引导短语(或从,句)做时间状语时，要用固定强调句型：“It is/wasnot until.,that句子其它成份”；that 所引导从句中谓语动词用,必定式。如：,14/27,His father didnt come back from work until 12 oclock.It,was not until 12 oclock that his father came back from work.直到,12 点他父亲才下班回家。,考点三：强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句区分,强调句型要注意和 it 代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、,详细事物或人物等时所组成各种句型区分。试比较：,It was on March 1st that I had my hair cut.我是在三月一日剪,了头发。(强调句),It was March 1st when I had my hair cut.我在三月一日剪了,头发。(定语从句),15/27,判断是否是强调句，可采取“还原法”：假如还原为普通,句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句；不然不是。如第一,句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1st.,考点四：谓语动词强调句式,英语中惯用助动词 do/does/did 强调谓语。如：,He did go to the airport yesterday,but he didnt find you.他昨,天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。,16/27,(,四,)倒装,句,部分倒装,1否定型倒装,在正式文体中，假如将 never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,no longer,nowhere 等含有否定意义副词置,于句首，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：,I never saw him again.Never did I see him again.以后我再,也没见到过他了。,在 not.until 句型，当 not until 位于句首时，其后主句要,用部分倒装。如：,17/27,He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.Not until the,rain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。,一些起副词作用介词短语，因为含有否定词，若位于句,首，其后要用部分倒装。如：,On no account must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不,能触摸。,2only 型倒,装,当一个状语受副词 only 修饰且置于句首时,，其后要用部,分倒装。如：,Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这么我们才,能学好英语。,18/27,3so 型倒,装,当副词 so 后接形容,词或副词位于句首时，其后通惯用部分,倒装。如：,So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太,冷，我们只好待在家里。,以 so 开头,句子还有这么一个倒装：表示前面提出某一,必定情况也一样适合于后者，这类倒装基本结构是,“so,助动词主语”。如：,She likes music and so do I她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。,19/27,4not only 型倒,装,当 not only.but also.句型中 not only 位于句首时，not,only 后句子通惯用部分倒装。如：,Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet.他不但是一位教,师，而且是一位诗人。,20/27,完全倒装,基本形式,是“谓语主语”，主要,包括以下几个类型：,1here 类,当表示地点 here 和 there 位于句首时，其后用完全倒装,形式。这类倒装句谓语通常是动词 be,come 和 go 等表示移动,或动态不及物动词。如：,Heres Tom.汤姆在这里。,There goes the bell.铃响了。,注意：,这类倒装句主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则,不能倒装。如：,Here it comes.,它来了。,(,),21/27,2away 类,副 词 away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up 等 位于 句首,时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句谓语通常是表示动,态不及物动词。如：,Away went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了。,注意：,这类倒装句主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，,则不用倒装。如：,Away he went.,他跑远了。,(,),22/27,3状语或表语类,为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或,表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：,Among these people was his friend Jim.他朋友吉姆就在这,些人当中。,在表语置于句首这类倒装结构中，要注意其中谓语应,与其后主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首表语保持一致。,比较：,In the box was a cat.箱子里有一只猫。,In the box were some cats.箱子里有一些猫。,23/27,4非谓语动词类,有时为了强调，可将谓语部分现在分词、过去分词或不,定式置于句首，从而组成倒装。如：,Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁是他妻,子。,24/27,(,五,)独立,成份,有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联络成份，称为句,子独立成份(注意：区分于分词独立结构)。常见有：,1感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah 等。,2必定词：yes,3否定词：no,4称呼语：称呼人用语。,5插入语：一些插入句中 I think,I believe 等。如：,The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信，这个故,事还远没有结束。,25/27,6情态词，表示说话人语气(多作为修饰全句状语)：,perhaps(可能),maybe(大约),actually(实际上),certainly(当然),等。,7分词独立结构：分词做状语时其逻辑主语与句子主语,一致，不然应该有自己逻辑主语，组成份词独立结构。如：,Studying hard,your score will go up.假如你努力学习你分,数会提升。(),Studying hard,you can make your score go up.If you study,hard,your score will go up.假如你努力学习，你分数会提升。,(),26/27,注意：,分词独立结构常省略,bei,ng,having been,。不过在,“There being.”,情况下不能省略。如：,Game(being)over,he went home.,游戏结束后，他回家了。,8,独立结构还可用,with/without,引导，做状语或定语。,with,或,without 后不但能够用分词，,还能够用不定式、形容词、,介词,短语、副词或名词等。如：,With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.,无事可做，他很快就,睡着了。,27/27,