高考英语复习-语法部分-2-代词.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,代词,1/43,补充：,1.二者和多者代词。,都,都不,任一,二者,both,neither,either,多者,all,none,any,表示否定可说noteither/any，但没有either/anynot说法。,2/43,none,既可指人，也可指物。它强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”，惯用于回答how much和how many开头问句；还可与介词of连用。no one只能指人(=nobody)，不能接of短语，惯用于回答who开头问句。,both/all/every,等与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非都”。,3/43,2.表“另外，别”代词。,单数,复数,泛指,another,others,特指,the other,the others,说明,可作定语,不能作定语,4/43,单独other只能作定语。,搭配：someothers有些有些；onethe other一个(特指二者中)另一个,特殊：another用于“another基数词(few)复数名词”中，与“基数(some)other/more复数名词”相当。,5/43,3.区分几个替换词。,it和that都替换“the+单数名词”，都是特指，都可替换可数和不可数名词；但it指前面提到“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到“同类”事物。,one替换“a单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式ones替换泛指复数名词。,6/43,the one是one特指，替换“the+单数可数名词”，相当于that；其复数形式those，替换“the+复数名词”，在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those;当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s)。,7/43,We,1,students should get on well with,each other,2,.But in fact,something unpleasant can happen from time to time.For example,yesterday afternoon,it,3,was fine.,All,4,of us went out to the playground.Some were playing games and,others,5,were playing football when two boys of us quarreled and then fought.,Every one,6,of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and,nobody,7,could exactly tell,what,8,they fought for.,熟读深思,8/43,Neither,9,of them wanted to give in to,the other,10,.I thought,it,11,wrong of them to do so.So I tried to tell,them,12,that we should put,ourselves,13,in others shoes,but,both,14,of them were too angry to calm down.,It,15,was not until our head teacher came that they parted.In my opinion,it,16,is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet.Only,those,17,who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life.,9/43,汉语译文：,我们学生之间应该和睦相处，但实际上，一些不愉快事时有发生。比如，昨天下午，天气很好，我们都去了操场。有些人在做游戏，另一些人在踢足球，突然我们中有两个男生吵架了，以后还打起来。我们每个人都感到迷惑，因为他们是很要好朋友。也没有些人能准确知道他们是为何事打架。他们谁也不愿屈服于另一方。我认为他们这么做是不正确。所以，我试图告诉他们，我们要设身处地为对方着想，但两个人都非常生气，平静不下来。直到我们班主任来了，他们才分开。我认为，冷静下来处理我们碰到问题是非常必要。只有那些宽容人才能过得更安逸。,10/43,1.,We,是人称代词主格,在本句中作主语。,2.,each other,与one another两个叫相互代词,在句中只能作及物动词或介词宾语。在正式英语里,前者指二者,后者指三者或以上,但在当代英语里实际没有这种区分。本句中each other作介词with宾语。,3.,it,指天气。,4.,all,不定代词，在本句中作主语。,5.,someothers,是固定句式，表示“一些人另一些人”。,6.,every one,不定代词，在本句中作主语,注意,every one常接of短语，但everyone(=everybody)不与of短语连用。,11/43,7.,nobody,(=no one)表示“没有一个人”，在本句中作主语。若与of短语连用，则要用none，如None of them has/have been there.他们中没有一个人去过那里。,8.,what,疑问代词，意为“什么”，在宾语从句中作fought for宾语。,9.,neither,指二者中“没有一个”，在本句中作主语。,10.,the other,特指二者中“另外一个”，在本句中作介词to宾语。,11.,it,作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式。,12/43,12.,them,是人称代词宾格，在句中作宾语。,13.,ourselves,是反身代词，在本句中作put宾语。反身代词在句中普通作宾语，也可作主语或宾语同位语。,14.,both,表示“二者都”，在本句中作主语。,15.,it,用于组成强调结构，it was not untilthat意为“直到才”。,16.,it,作形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式。,17.,those,表示“那些人”，相当于those people。,13/43,1.语法填空纯空格题，重点考查人称代词，其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语it。,2.在给词题中，可能给出人称代词，要求考生填其物主代词或反身代词，也可能是给主格填宾格。,3.在短文改错中，考查上下文人称不一致，单复数不一致，性别不一致，以及人称代词格误用等。,代词与高考,14/43,解这类题时注意以下几点：,1.纯空格语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语应是名词或代词，而在语法填空纯空格中是不要求考生填名词，所以只要句子缺乏主语或宾语，就该填代词。,15/43,2.在确定填代词后，再依据语境，搞清所缺主语或宾语详细指代上文或下文中详细内容，结合上述几个代词不一样意义和使用方法，确定填详细哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。,3.熟记一些习惯搭配，如someothers,those who,by myself等。,16/43,灵活利用,一、单句填空,1.Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.,作介词of宾语，应填代词；由句意可知，是指在16个国家所调查“那些人”中,有二分之一说他们首先去找最亲密朋友分享他们内心深处愿望和恐惧；指“那些人”，用those。,those,17/43,2.At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.,2.作介词to宾语,应填代词；后面described in this magazine是过去分词作定语,所填代词应替换复数名词the machines,即这本杂志中所描述机器，故填those。,those,18/43,3.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.,在连词than后应填代词，作主语；替换前面不可数名词the traffic。,4.Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like _ of them very much.,作dont like宾语，应填代词；指这二者中“任何一个”都不喜欢。,that,either,19/43,5.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.,作lost宾语，应填代词；none of+不可数名词表示“一点也没有”。,none,20/43,6.Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.,作do宾语，应填代词；由or可知，只能是二者中任选一个，不能做这两件事，即部分否定，是notboth。,both,21/43,7._ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.,缺主语，填代词；由he可知是指人，由句意可知是指“没有任何人”。,8.This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.,缺主语,填代词;由句意“这项工作需要团体合作。假如我们不一起把工作做好，就不会有所成就”可知，填nothing。achieve nothing没有成就，一事无成。,Nobody,Nothing,22/43,9.If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get _ for me?,在get后作宾语，应填代词；指代“a/an+单数可数名词(a paper)”，应填one。,10.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but _ of them wants to,because they have work to do.,在but后分句中作主语，应填代词；由but可知，Bill 和Peter两个人都不想去，指“二者都不”，用neither。,one,neither,23/43,11.We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose _ based on your own interests.,作choose宾语，应填代词；指依据你兴趣，在各种夏令营中选择一个，即指代“a summer camp”，用one。,12.To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.,作order宾语，应填代词；指代“另外一杯”，用another。,one,another,24/43,13.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _.,作increase宾语，应填代词；指代前面the employment rate，代替“the+单数名词”，表示“同一”件事或物时，用it。,14.Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?,作bring宾语，应填代词；作形式宾语用it，真正宾语是后面that从句。,it,it,25/43,15.The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.,作find宾语，应填代词；作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式to tell，故填it。,16.We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place.,在feel后作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式，故填it。,it,it,26/43,17.Then I realized I didnt even know her name.I asked all of my professors but _ knew her name.,因but后并列句中缺主语，应填代词；依据前面语境，依据转折but能够推出：“我”问了“我”全部教授，不过没有些人知道她名字。故填nobody。,nobody,27/43,18.I smiled a big smile and _ worked a little,really.,因and后并列句中缺主语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填it，指代前文中I smiled a big smile。,it,28/43,19.I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _.,因relax oneself意为“放松自己”。,20.At that moment an attractive young lady,who noticed my book,came up to me and introduced _.,因introduce oneself意为“自我介绍”。,myself,herself,29/43,二、语篇填空,在空格处填入一个适当词。,An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1 _.A man saw them and asked the son why 2 _ wasnt riding the donkey.Then the father let 3 _ ride it.4 _ man saw them and told 5 _ that they should 6 _ ride the donkey.So 7 _both got on it.,it,he,him,Another,them,both,they,30/43,A woman who saw them said,“Tell 8 _,why are you both riding that poor animal？9_ looks so weak and tired.10 _are so cruel！”Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.,me,It,You,31/43,这是一则寓言故事，讲述是没有主见父子二人骑驴去赶集故事，目标是劝人要有主见。,1.it,指代前面the donkey。,2.he,指代前面the son，在宾语从句中作主语，用主格。,3.him,指his son，作let宾语，用宾格。,4.Another,泛指“另一个”人。,5.them,指代the father和his son，作told宾语。,6.both,作主语they同位语，指这对父子“两人都”应骑在驴背上。,7.they,指代the father和his son，作主语。,8.me,与后面you(你)相对，应是me(我)。,9.It,指前面that poor animal。,10.You,由前面you both可知。,32/43,三、单句改错,1.The doctor advised Vera strongly to take a holiday,but he didnt help.,he it,指代医生向Vera提提议，用it。,2.The chairman thought that necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.,that it,作形式宾语，真正宾语为to invitemeeting这个动词不定式短语。,33/43,3.The book is of great value.Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it.,Everything Nothing,句意：这本书很有价值。假如你不认真读,你就无法从中得到乐趣。,4.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on us.,us ourselves,反指主语we用ourselves。depend on oneself自力更生。,34/43,5.Neither side is prepared to talk to other,unless we can smooth things over between them.,在other前加the,指“二者中另一个，对方”用the other。实际上，other本身是不能单独用，后面一定要有名词，不然，前面必有the,each；但others可单独作代词用，泛指“他人或别事物”。,the,35/43,6.Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made her almost an overcoat for her.,made her made itself,反指主语Susans beautiful hair。句意：令人惊叹是，Susan漂亮长发垂到她膝盖下面，就像一件外套似。,36/43,7.New technologies have made them possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.,them it,作为形式主语，代替动词不定式短语to turn outcost。,37/43,8.Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health,the bad smell and the feelings of other people.,them themselves,用themselves反指主语those。句意：那些烟瘾很大人应该提醒自己注意健康、难闻气味以及他人感受。,38/43,9.The film that I saw it yesterday is interesting.,去掉it,关系代词that已经代替film在从句中作宾语了，it多出。,10.With Mr.Smith to teach our English,our spoken English will be improved.,our us,由teach sb.sth.(教某人某东西)可知teach后接双宾语。,39/43,11.I think the dog owners should be aware that his dogs have caused damage to the environment.,his their,因指狗主人要明白“他们”狗给环境造成损害。,12.On hearing this,the young mans face turned red and she immediately threw the cigarette into the dust bin in the bus.,she he,指代the young man。,40/43,13.My teachers often encourage we to take after-class activities.,we us,作encourage宾语要用宾格。,14.A man came in and asked who was monitor of our class.I told him that myself was monitor.,在myself前加I,因为反身代词不能单独作主语，但可作主语同位语。,I,41/43,15.We can practice using English idioms in your diary-writing.,your our,要与主语we一致；当然假如将主语We改为You也能够。,42/43,Thank you!,43/43,