高考英语复习语法专题语法专题语境考查类第二课时介词和介词短语.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二课时介词和介词短语,1/31,单句语法填空/单句改错,1.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,，,for example,，,most people traditionally eat _ their hands.,(,全国,，50),2.My connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid,-,1980s,，,when I was the first Western TV reporter.,(,全国,，65),3.For those who fly to Guilin,，,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better,-,known city.,(,全国,，66),感,悟,高,考,2/31,4.Now I am leaving home to college.,(,全国,，短文改错),5.While they chatted,，,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.,(,浙江，短文改错),答案,1.with,2.to,3.by,4.to,for,5.in,on,3/31,考点一常见介词使用方法,1,.,表示时间介词,at,，on，in,和,for,规则,at,表示某个时间点、时刻等，比如：,at,midnight,，,at,dawn/daybreak,，,at,sunrise/sunset,，,at,dusk,等。,规则,on,表示在详细日子或详细某一天早晨、下午或晚上。比如：,on,October the first,，,on,a rainy day,，,on,Christmas Eve,，,on,the afternoon of his arrival,等。,考,点,清,单,4/31,规则,in,表示在某段较长时间内,(,如：世纪、朝代、年代、月份,),或泛指早晨、下午和黄昏等。,in,the 1980s/1980s,，,in,the Qing Dynasty,，,in,October,，,in,the morning/afternoon/evening,等。,规则,for,后跟,“,时间段,”,表示某行为或状态连续了多久，可与现在完成时、过去时或未来时连用。,I have lived in this city,for,more than 10 years.,我在这座城市住了,10,多年了。,5/31,2,.,表示交通方式介词,by,，in,和,on,规则,不包括交通工具名词时用,by,，名词前不带冠词。比如：,by,sea/water/land/air,等。,规则,包括交通工具名词时用,by,，但名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。比如：,by,bike/plane/ship/train/spaceship/car,等。,规则,当旅行方式包括特指交通工具时，用,on,或,in,，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。比如：,on,this plane,，,on,my bike,，,in,his car,。,6/31,3,.,表示方位,across,，through,和,over,规则,across,表示,“,从,表面穿过,”,。,He walked,across,the square to meet us.,他穿过广场来见我们。,规则,through,表示,“,从,内部穿过,”,。,The guide led us,through,the forest.,向导领着我们穿过森林。,规则,over,表示,“,从,上面跨过,”,。,The thief jumped,over,the fence and fled away.,贼跳过栅栏逃跑了。,7/31,4.,beyond,规则,表示,“,(,时间,),过了，比,晚，迟于,”,。,Its,beyond,midnight now.Is he still watching the football match?,现在已经过了午夜了。他还在看足球赛吗？,规则,表示,“,(,位置,),在,那一边，超出,；为,所不及，超出,范围,”,。,Beyond,the river stood a power station.,过了这条河就是一个发电站。,Everybody was touched,beyond,words after they heard her moving story.,听了她感人故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。,8/31,5.,against,规则,表示,“,逆,方向，顶着；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击,(,表示方向或位置,),”,。,He stood with his back,against,the wall.,他背靠墙站着。,规则,表示,“,反对,(,与,for,意义相反,),；违反,”,。,Others are,against,the idea,，,saying that learning English is useless and is a waste of energy.,其它人反对这个观点，他们说学英语没用，而且浪费精力。,9/31,规则,表示,“,防范，准备,”,。,Some animals store food,against,the winter.,有些动物为过冬贮备食物。,They have got prepared,against,flood.,他们已经做好了防洪准备。,规则,表示,“,衬托，相映,”,。,The hill looks more beautiful,against,the blue sky.,在蓝天映衬下，山峰更显漂亮。,10/31,6,.,with,使用方法,规则,表示,“,和,一起，和，同，跟,”,。,Put this bag,with,the others.,把这个包和其它包放在一起。,规则,表示,“,(,同时或同一方向,),伴随,”,。,With,the vital exam drawing near,，,I felt so nervous that I even couldnt eat or sleep,，,thus making me very sleepy in class.,伴随这场主要考试日益临近，我感到如此担心以至于吃不下睡不着，所以课堂上无精打采。,11/31,规则,表示,“,含有，带有,”,、,“,因为，因为,”,或,“,(,表示方式,),用,”,。,The dictionary is what I want,，,but I dont have enough money,with,me.,这本字典正是我想要，不过我没带够钱。,There was a problem,with,the parking place for bikes in our school.,在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在问题。,12/31,考点二常见介词短语,规则,in,名词,in advance,提前，事先，预先,in case,假如，万一,in charge,主管，掌管，看管，负责,in return,作为回报,in turn,依次，替换地；对应地，转而,in vain,徒劳，白费劲气,规则,on,名词,on leave,在休假,on holiday,在度假,on strike,罢工,on sale,出售,13/31,规则,beyond,名词,beyond ones power,是某人力不能及,beyond ones reach,够不着,beyond description,难以形容,beyond words,无法用语言形容,beyond doubt,无疑；必定,规则,under,名词,under construction,在建设中,under consideration,在考虑中,under repair,在修理中,14/31,规则,at,名词,at work,在上班,at lunch,在吃午饭,at rest,在休息,at table,在吃饭,at church,做礼拜,at peace,处于和平状态,规则,out of,名词,out of breath,上气不接下气地,out of balance,失去平衡,out of touch,失去联络,out of date,过时,15/31,规则,in,名词,of,in favour of,同意，赞成,in honour of,为纪念，为庆贺,in memory of,为纪念,in face of,面对,in need of,需要,in search of,寻找,in charge of,负责,in spite of,尽管,in case of,假如，万一,16/31,考点三,“,动词介词,”,短语,规则,动词介词,laugh at,嘲笑,agree on,对,达成协议,look for,寻找,set about,开始做,consist of,由,组成,devote.to.,致力于,refer to,参考；查阅,规则,动词副词介词,go in for,兴趣；从事,put up with,忍受,go back to,追溯到,go down to,认真做,17/31,规则,动词名词介词,take advantage of,利用,pay attention to,注意,make use of,利用,come up with,提出,give in to,向,让步,规则,动词,sb/sth,介词,prevent sb from.,阻止某人做,remind sb of.,提醒某人,inform sb of,通知某人,warn sb of,警告某人,18/31,1.,【误】,I like Mr.Miners speech,；,it was clear and,on the point,.,【正】,I like Mr.Miners speech,；,it was clear and,to the point,.,【探究】,句意：我喜欢,Miner,先生讲话，既清楚又切中关键点。,to the point,意思为,“,切中关键点,”,。,正,误,探,究,19/31,2.,【误】,Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face?,【正】,Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face?,【探究】,句意：你真看见那个年轻人打我弟弟脸了吗？,“,打在脸上,”,用,in the face,；,“,打在鼻子上,”,用,on the nose,。,20/31,易错点1思维定势，误解语境,Do you think this shirt is too tight_the shoulders?,误填,to/on,答案,across,句意：你以为这件衬衫肩膀位置太紧了吗？本题考查介词基本使用方法。across the shoulders指肩宽，两肩距离，故填across。,易,错,防,范,21/31,【点拨】,此题易用to，因为同学们会受思维定势影响，误认为考查too.to结构；也有同学会用on，认为是说,“,肩膀上,”,，指详细地点，但此处考查两肩间距离。,22/31,易错点2受汉语思维影响,The graduates are determined to devote themselves _ Chinese space science.,误填,for,答案,to,句意：毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。devote oneself to doing sth 意为,“,献身于,”,，这里to是介词。类似结构有：pay attention to，get down to，look forward to，make a contribution to等。,23/31,【点拨】,易误用for。受到汉语思维习惯影响，考生易误认为是,“,为了(for表目标)中国太空科学事业而贡献,”,，却忽略了与devote固定搭配介词只能是to。,24/31,.,单句语法填空,1.Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.,(,全国,，64),2._ the same time,，,they warm up again for the night.,(,全国,，67),3.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ a cow.,4.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.,针,对,训,练,25/31,5.The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.,6.Last year was the warmest year on record,，,with global temperature 0.68,_ the average.,7.When the bus finally came,，,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _ the window,，,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,8.While staying in the village,，,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return.,26/31,9.That young man is honest,，,cooperative,，,always there when you need his help._ short,，,hes reliable.,10.The dictionary is out _ date,：,many words have been added to the language since it was published.,答案,1.on,2.At,3.without,4.of,5.by,6.above 7.to,8.in,9.In,10.of,27/31,.,单句改错(每句仅1处错误),1.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.,2.My soccer coach retired in last week.,3.Please help with me and give me some advice.,4.If you hear the alarm,，,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.,5.Nearly five years ago,，,and with the help by our father,，,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(,圣女果,)in our back garden.,28/31,6.If we could show concern to others on need,，,the world would be a better place to live in.,7.Suddenly it occurred to me that he might have left it in the taxi.So I immediately got touch with the taxi company.,8.Im afraid physics is completely against me and I have to ask you for help.,9.I am afraid the mountain would break down.The next morning we got up early in order to see the sun rise from the east.,10.He is always helping people without expecting anything as return.,答案,1.on,in,2.,去掉,in,3.,去掉,with,4.wait,后加,for,5.by,of,6.on,in,7.got,后加,in,8.against,beyond,9.from,in,10.as,in,29/31,.,语篇填空(用适当介词填空),As I walked _,1,_ the city streets,，,I passed a young man searching through a small block of land that contained a mix of leaves and rubbish.I was somewhat puzzled why someone _,2,_ him would be searching through rubbish.Finding this a little odd,，,I asked him,，,“,What are you searching _,3,_,？,”,He replied very simply that he was looking for money.,After talking _,4,_ him for a little longer,，,I found out that he had become homeless after getting laid _,5,_ from his job.Since then,，,he had been working _,6,_ part,-,time jobs in a doctors office and in a food bank to earn some money.But he made so little that he lost heart.The man seemed fairly talented,，,although he was a little dirty.,30/31,I told him that our thoughts create our reality,，,and I suggested that he not give _,7,_ and think _,8,_ a positive way.During the whole talk,，,what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible.Although he didnt respond _,9,_ the spot,，,my sense told me that what I said seemed to have an effect _,10,_ him.,答案,1.along/down,2.like,3.for,4.with,5.off,6.on,7.up,8.in,9.on,10.on,31/31,