高考英语复习-第2部分-专题7-动词的时态与语态.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,英语,外 研 版,精 准 高 考,1/33,语法专题复习,第二部分,专题七动词时态与语态,2/33,1,考点透析,2,真题体验,3,知识清单,6,即学巩固,4,考点警示,5,易错把脉,3/33,考 点 透 析,4/33,动词时态、语态是语法填空中必考内容之一，动词各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考是普通现在时态，普通过去时态，现在进行时态，以及普通未来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈说语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。,5/33,其次，在确定谓语动词时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断：,1看句子中时间状语或时间状语从句。,2在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文谓语动词形式。,3看是否是特殊句型等。,比如：Suddenly，he _(find)that he had run out of salt.此题考查时态，因为是讲述过去故事，故应用过去时态。另外，在写作中要依据文章内容，恰当地使用各种时态，会使文章更鲜明、生动，更能表达一个考生英语利用功底。,found,6/33,真 题 体 验,7/33,1(新课标,，62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I_台河(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.,解析：,句意：,在这个占地六百英亩中心，我被允许靠近这些可爱动物。由语境可知作者被允许靠近这些动物，故用普通过去时被动语态。,2(新课标,，62)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.,解析：,句意：真正考究筷子可能是由含有中国特色金或银制成。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。,was allowed,be made,8/33,3(四川，61)The giant panda_(love)by people throughout the world.,解析：,句意：大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love组成被动关系，故应用普通现在时被动语态。,4(四川，69)Then,after two and a half years,the mother_(drive)the young panda away.,解析：,句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。依据句意可知，此处应用普通过去时。,is loved,drove,9/33,5(浙江，5)While online shopping_(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive.,解析：,句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们生活，不过并不是全部影响都是主动。主语是online shopping，结合语境以及后面have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。,6(浙江，9)Silk_(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,解析：,句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是时间状语，这里强调到公元前100年为止，所以要用过去完成时。,has changed,had become,10/33,7(北京，21)Jack_(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.,解析：,句意：杰克正在试验室里工作时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth.when.句式，表示,“,正在做某事，突然,”,，此时主句用过去进行时，从句用普通过去时。,8(北京，23)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?,The new,Star,Wars,.We_(wait)here for more than two hours.,解析：,句意：对不起，你们在等什么电影？新版星球大战。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。依据时间状语判断，语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事，而且还将继续，此时应用现在完成进行时。,was working,have been waiting,11/33,9(北京，25)I_(read)half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.,解析：,句意：这本英语小说我已经读了二分之一，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示,“,已经读了二分之一,”,，应该用现在完成时表示过去发生而且对现在有影响动作。,10(北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_(reward)with success in the end.,解析：,句意：这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知，学生努力会得到回报是未来动作，故用普通未来时；reward和their efforts之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。,have read,will be rewarded,12/33,11(天津，3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I_(see)for years.,解析：,句意：在街上散步时，我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。,“,我很多年没见过他,”,发生在came across之前，表示,“,过去过去,”,，应用过去完成时。,hadnt seen,13/33,知 识 清 单,14/33,.动词时态,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,普通现在时,现在状态,经常性或习惯性动作,客观真理,在一些状语从句中用普通现在时代替未来时,We always,care,for each other and,help,each other.,We,have,3 classes a day.,The sun,rises,in the east and,goes down,in the west.,We will not go to the park if it,rains,tomorrow.,15/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,普经过去时,过去动作或状态,过去经常性或习惯性动作,在状语从句中用普经过去时表示过去未来时态,We,had,a test yesterday.,We often,played,together when we were children.,He,told,us he read an interesting novel last night.,She,told,me that she would come to see me when she,visited,China again.,16/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,普通未来时,will/shall do,表示未来动作或状态,表示一个趋向或习惯动作,表示未事先考虑过，即说话时暂时作出决定,will在含有条件、时间状语从句主句中表意愿,I shall go,to swim tomorrow if it is fine.,We,will die,without air or water.,My grandmother,will be,90 years old next year.,She,ll tell,you if you ask her.,be going to do,表示现在打算在最近或未来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备,表未来，不能用在含有条件、时间状语从句主句中,Im going to stay,at home tomorrow.,The little boy,is going to learn,how to play football.,17/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,普通未来时,be to do,表示按计划、安排即将发生动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、职责、可能性等,A meeting,is to be held,at 3 oclock this afternoon.,You,are to report,to the police.,be about to do,表示“即刻；就要”，普通不与时间状语或状语从句连用,Autumn harvest,is about to start,.,He,is about to leave,for Beijing.,18/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,过去未来时,用would do，was/were going to do sth.表过去未来,was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表过去未来,惯用于宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将要发生行为或存在状态,I knew you,would agree,.,He said he,was going to come,with us.,He said the meeting,was to be held,the next week.,I,was about to leave,when he came in.,He said he,would wait,until they came back.,19/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,现在进行时bedoing,表示说话时正在进行动作,表近期特定安排或计划,表示趋向行为动词，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用进行时代替未来时,与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气,He,is teaching,English and,learning,Chinese.,I,am meeting,Mr.Wang tonight.,The National Day,is coming,.,He,is always helping,others.,过去进行时was/weredoing,表示过去某一时刻正在进行动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生动作,表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行,It,was raining,when they left the station.,When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun,was shining,.,20/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,现在完成时have/hasdone,表示过去动作对现在影响,表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直连续到现在，也可能继续连续下去,在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时能够代替普通未来时,He,has gone,to Shanghai.,I,have learnt,English for three years.,Dont get off the bus until it,has stopped,.,21/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,过去完成时haddone,表示“过去过去”,表示未曾实现希望、打算、意图、诺言等，惯用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者hoped/planned.to have done,过去完成时用于一些固定句型中,When Jack arrived,Mary,had been away,for almost an hour.,I,had hoped to,send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so.,I,had,hardly,got,home when it began to rain.,That was the first time that he,had visited,Australia.,22/33,动词时态,使用方法,典句例示,现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing,用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直连续到现在(还要继续下去)动作,多与all the time，this week，all night等时间状语，以及for和since引导状语从句连用,They,have been living,here for three years.,He,has been doing,the maths problems since 800.,23/33,.动词被动语态,各种时态被动语态,使用方法,典句例示,被动语态,普通现在时am/is/are done,普经过去时was/were done,现在进行时am/is/are being done,过去进行时was/were being done,现在完成时have/has been done,过去完成时had been done,普通未来时will be done,情态动词can/may/must be done,不知道或没有必要指出动作执行者,强调动作承受者,动作执行者有较长修饰语,出于礼貌，不愿说出动作执行者,Rice,is grown,in South China.,The glass,was broken,yesterday.,The project,is being carried,out.,This road,was being built,this time last year.,This novel,has been translated,into 3 languages.,When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets,had,already,been sold,out.,The cars,will be sent,abroad by sea.,Oil,can be turned,into energy by burning it.,24/33,考 点 警 示,25/33,1下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。,(1)表示心理状态、情感动词，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。,(2)表,“,存在,”,状态动词，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。,(3)表示一时性、非延续性动作动词，如allow，accept，permit等。,(4)表示感官动词，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。,2always，often等频度副词与进行时连用表示经常重复行为或表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、不满、厌烦等。如：,The girl is always talking loud in public.,这个女孩老是当众大声喧哗。,26/33,3只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物动词或及物短语动词也没有被动语态。,4以下情况惯用主动形式表示被动含义。,(1)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。如：,The material feels very soft.,这种料子摸起来很柔软。,27/33,(2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等否定式或与well，badly，easily等副词连用，主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：,The book sells well.,这本书很畅销。,(3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等动词用于进行时态时。如：,The fish is cooking.,鱼正在煮。,28/33,易 错 把 脉,29/33,典题精选,我来更正,常设误点,(浙江高考)In the mornings,it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.,(石家庄市一模)When English is an only language in class,students will have more opportunity to practise listening and speaking.However，there were problems with this method.,is,_,were,_,(1)上下文中时态不一致,若上下文叙述是同一件事情，则时态应含有一致性。,若上下文是普经过去时，则一样用普经过去时；,若上下文是普通现在时，则一样用普通现在时。,was,are,30/33,典题精选,我来更正,常设误点,(陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!,(新课标全国卷)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.,去掉,_,_,drank,_,(2)语态错用,常见错误类型有：,系动词和不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态，误把系动词和不及物动词(短语)看成及物动词而使用被动语态；,被动语态组成错误，其组成形式应为“be过去分词”。,looked或其,前were,drunk,31/33,即 学 巩 固,32/33,33/33,