呢可能孕妈咪心里还没有答案下面.ppt

,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Kidney Structure,Outer cortex,inner medulla,and renal pelvis,Cortex,contains,NEPHRON,filtering units.,Nephron,=,Bowmans capsule,containing,Glomerulus,(capillary bed)-tubules of,nephron,.,Kidney Structure,Bowmans capsule,-,proximal convoluted tubule,-,Loop of,Henle,-,distal convoluted tubule,-,collecting duct,-,The urine then drains down the,ureter,-urinary bladder,(storage area).Passes out of the body through the,urethra,.,Note,:,There are thousands of,nephrons,in each kidney.,Make note of location,of Cortex&Medulla-now,locate the,Nephron,in relation,to these 2 structures,Nephron Function,Bowmans capsule:,blood enters under very high pressure,arrives directly from the aorta,blood forced into,glomerulus,&Water,salts,glucose,urea,&amino acids forced out into the,nephron,-forms crude filtrate.,Up to 95%water&salts,resorbed,.,Nephron Function,B),filtrate travels to the proximal convoluted tubule,majority water&salt,resorption,occurs,water moves from tubule to blood via steep,osmotic gradient,sodium/potassium exchange pump brings sodium back in,glucose&chlorine ions,resorbed,.,Nephron Function,C),filtrate moves to the Loop of,Henle,Descending part of the loop-water flows out of the,filtrate thus concentrating filtrate,by absorbing water back,into circulatory system-medulla tissue becomes more,salty,salty medulla-causes a lot of water absorbed by adjacent,capillaries.,Ascending loop-sodium pumped out(keeps medulla,salty)-water leaves descending loop.,Note:,much of the sodium is absorbed by the descending part,through a countercurrent exchange of salt.,Nephron Function,D),Distal convoluted tubule:,sodium&chlorine ions actively transported out,water follows and is,resorbed,by,cappilaries,of,juxtaglomerular,complex.,Tubular secretion formed,:,Ammonia,urea,H,+,ions pass out of tubule as waste products contained within the filtrate.,Note,:ammonia is by product of protein digestion,Nephron Function,E),Collecting tubule,:,sodium ions&water move out of filtrate,other wastes move in,countercurrent exchange of urea,final filtrate forms in duct=,URINE,Detail of,Nephron,structure,1,2,3,4,5,Use numbers,To trace flow of,Filtrate through,nephron,.,Read,:Step by step process of filtration of blood brought to,nephron,Control of Nephron Function,Antidiuretic,Hormone(ADH):,controls water,absorbtion,Recall,main function of,nephron,is to help maintain osmotic,balance of your body,Hypothalamus-signals posterior pituitary to release,ADH when dehydration detected e.g if,you eat too much salt,.,ADH-targets cells within collecting ducts,Function,:increases cellular permeability to water.,As more water is,resorbed,the,osmolarity,of the blood returns to normal and the hypothalamus switches off the production of ADH(,Negative Feedback Loop,).,