一、高三语法专项：名词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法专项,一、名词,熟读深思,指出下列名词短语（画线部分）在句中所作句子,成分，并思考句中名词的用法与前后语境。,1.,Tom,is a,worker,.(,主语,),（表语）,2.,The Children,s Palace,is near,Jane,s,home,.(,主语,),（介词宾语）,3.She gave me,some good advice,.(,动词宾语,),4.He didn,t go there because of,his,illness,.(,介词宾语,),5.We made Tom,our monitor,.(,宾语补足语,),6.We,students,should study hard.(,同位语,),7.,The author,s name,is on,the cover of the,book,.(,主语,),（介词宾语）,8.,This book,is of,great use,.,（主语）（介词,宾语）,归纳总结,1.,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。可数,名词表示的人或物本身可用数目计算，包括个,体名词和集体名词两类。不可数名词通常无法,用数目计算，包括物质名词和抽象名词。但有,些不可数名词有时可转化为可数名词，有些则,不能。,2.,可数名词的复数形式,（,1,）规则名词的复数形式：,一般情况下，在名词后直接加,-s,；以,-,s,-x,-ch,-,sh,结尾的名词，需加,-,es,；以辅音字母加,-y,结,尾的名词，把,y,变为,i,再加,-,es,；以,-o,结尾的名,词多数情况下直接加,-s,（注意：两人两菜即,Negro,hero,potato,tomato,后加,-,es,）；以,-f,-,fe,结尾的名词多数情况下把,f,或,fe,变为,v,，再加,-,es,（注意：也有直接加,-s,的，如：,roofs,handkerchiefs,等）。,（,2,）不规则名词的复数形式,有些名词变为复数时要改变其中的元音字母或,其他形式（如,manmen,toothteeth,footfeet,等）；有些名词只有复数形式或表,示某个特定意思时只有复数形式（如,trousers,clothes,pants,goods,等）；复合名词的复数主,要是把主体名词变为复数形式（如,sons-in-,law,passers,-by,等）；不含名词的复合名词则,在词尾加,-s,（如,go-betweens,等）。,3.,名词的所有格,名词的所有格一般有两种形式：一是在名词后,加,s,，一是由名词加介词,of,；如果某物为两人,所共有，则在后一个名词末加,s,（如,Jane and,Mary,s room,简和玛丽两人的房间）；如果不,共有，则两个名词都加,s,（如,Jane,s and,Mary,s books,简和玛丽各自的书）；表示,“,某,人家,”,、,“,某店铺,”,等的名词所有格后面，一,般省略它所修饰的名词（如,at,Mr.Smith,s,在,史密斯家,at the tailor,s,在裁缝店）；双,重所有格由一个表示数量的词（如,a,some,等）,+of+,名词所有格或名词性物主代词构成（如,a,friend of my,father,s,some,friends of,mine,）。,4.,名词作定语,名词作定语，主要说明所修饰的名词的材料、,用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。作定语的,名词一般用单数形式（但,man,woman,等作定语,时，修饰的名词是复数时，需用复数形式；而,sale,sport,作定语时，则不管其后名词是单数,还是复数，都用复数形式，如,:a sales,manager,a,sports meet,）。,5.,名词或名词短语在句中还可以作主语，表语，,动词的宾语，介词的宾语，宾语补足语，同位,语等。,试题精选,1.One should have a,of right and wrong.,A.feeling,B.knowledge,C.sense,D.idea,解析,sense,此时是,“,判断力,辨别力,观念,”,。,feeling,感情,;knowledge,知识，均不合句义。,C,2.Some companies are thinking of ways to,save natural,by making better use of,the water used in the bathroom.,A.resources,B.sources,C.power,D.energy,解析,考查名词辨析。,resource,资源,natural,resources,指,“,自然资源,”,；,source,来源,出处,;,河流的源头,发源地；,power,力量,权力,势力,;,能,力,体力；,energy,能量,能源,;,精力,活力,干劲。,A,3.He came here without friends or,and,made his fortune.,A.possessions,B.possession,C.wealths,D.good,解析,wealth,是不可数名词,无复数形式；,good,后加,-s,才是,“,财产,”,的意思；,possession,作,“,财产,;,所有物,”,讲时,常用复数形式。,A,4.The Olympic,remind us of where the,Olympics are held and the characteristics,of the host country.,A.symbols,B.signals,C.marks,D.signs,解析,考查名词辨析。,symbol,象征,标志,符,号,Olympic symbols,奥林匹克标志。,signal,信,号,暗号；,mark,记号,标记；,sign,标记,符号；手,势,姿势；信号。,A,5.I bought a dress for you only 10 dollars,in a,sale;it,was a real,.,A.exchange,B.bargain,C.trade,D.business,解析,考查名词词义的掌握。句意为,:,我仅花,10,美元给你买了一件甩卖的裙子,;,真是一件便宜货。,bargain,廉价货,便宜货。,exchange,交换,交,流,;trade,贸易,;business,商业,买卖,;,事情。,B,6.What,s the,of having a public open,space where you can,t,eat,drink,or even,simply hang out for a while,？,A.sense,B.matter,C.case,D.opinion,解析,考查名词辨析。,sense,在这里译为,“,意,义，意思,”,。,A,7.The young man made a,to his parents,that he would try to earn his own living,after graduation.,A.prediction,B.promise,C.plan,D.contribution,解析,考查名词词义辨析。,make a promise,表,示,“,作出承诺,”,符合题意。,B,8.I can,t say which wine is the best,it,s,a(n,),of personal taste.,A.affair,B.event,C.matter,D.variety,解析,matter,意为,“,事件,问题,”,。根据所提供的,情景,“,I can,t say which wine is best,”,可判,断出句意为：我不能说哪种酒最好,因为这是个,人口味的问题。,affair,意为,“,事务,事件,私,事,”,;event,意为,“,事件,事变；竞赛,”,;variety,意,为,“,变化,多样性；种种,品种,种类,”,。,C,9.My morning,includes jogging in the,park and reading newspapers over,breakfast.,A.drill,B.action,C.regulation,D.routine,解析,由句中的,“,jogging in the park and,reading newspapers.,”,可知,空格须填,routine,一词,(,日常事务,),。,drill,操练,;action,行,为,;regulation,规定。,D,10.To make members of a team perform,better,the,trainer first of all has to,know their,and weaknesses.,A.strengths,B.benefits,C.techniques,D.values,解析,考查词义辨析。根据句意,“,要知道他们的,强项和弱点,”,可知应选,A,项。,A,11.My,of this weekend,s activity is,going out with some good friends.,A.idea,B.opinion,C.mind,D.thought,解析,考查在具体语境中名词的辨析。注意,idea,为,“,想法，意见,”,等,idea,的使用范围最大,;,opinion,为,“,意见，看法，主张,”,指,“,对事物或问,题初步的、不十分肯定的意见,”,;mind,为,“,头脑，,智力，精神,”,;thought,意思为,“,思考,”,表示经过,沉思、推理而在头脑中形成的意念或思想。句,意为：对于这一周的活动,我的想法是和一些好,朋友出去。故选,A,。,A,12.He proved himself a true gentleman and,the beauty of his,was seen at its,best when he worked with others.,A.temper,B.appearance,C.talent,D.character,解析,A,项意为,“,脾气,”,;B,项意为,“,外表,外,观,”,;C,项意为,“,聪明才智,”,;D,项意为,“,性格,秉,性,”,。,D,13.In our,class,when,the bell rang and the,teacher closed his,book,it,was a,for,everyone to stand up.,A.signal,B.chance,C.mark,D.measure,解析,根据句意可知铃响及老师合上书本,这是,下课的暗示,选项中只能选择,signal,。,chance,机,会；,mark,分数；痕迹；,measure,方法,措施。,A,14.The World Health Organization gave a,warning to the public without any,when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in,April,2009.,A.delay,B.effort,C.schedule,D.consideration,解析,考查词义辨析。,delay,耽搁,延误,;effort,努力,;schedule,时间表,;consideration,考虑,体,谅,;,关心。句意为,:,当,H1N1,型流感,2009,年,4,月袭击,墨西哥时,世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出,了警告。故选,A,项。,A,15.,He says that my new car is a,of,money.,Don,t you think those words are just,sour grapes,？,A.lack,B.load,C.question,D.waste,解析,考查单词的区别。,lack,缺乏,;load,负,担,;question,疑问,;waste,浪费,;,根据句意,尤其,是下句的,sour grapes(,酸葡萄,),可知答案选,D,。,D,16.From their,on the top of the TV,Tower,visitors,can have a better view of,the city.,A.stageB.position,C.conditionD.situation,解析,stage,舞台；时期,阶段,;position,位,置,;condition,条件,情况,;situation,形势,情况,;,情景,;,根据空前的物主代词,their,可以推断出此,处选,B,项。句意为：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。,B,17.Hiking by oneself can be fun and good,for,health.It,may also be good for,building.,A.respect,B.friendship,C.reputation,D.character,解析,根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可,强健个性,不会增强,“,尊敬,”,或,“,名声,”,“,友,谊,”,可以增强,但与前面,health,不搭配,故答案,为,character,。,D,18.China has got a good,for fighting,against the flu with its careful and,smooth organization.,A.reputation,B.influence,C.impression,D.knowledge,解析,从句意及空格后面的介词入手,表达,“,中,国在,上面有着较好的声誉,”,应接介词,for,。,influence,后接,on,；,impression,后接,on;,knowledge,后接,of,。,A,19.In a time of social,reform,people,s,state of mind tends to keep,with the,rapid changes of society.,A.terms,B.pace,C.progress,D.touch,解析,keep pace with,与,齐头前进,符合句,子意思。,keep terms with sb.,同某人交往；,keep touch with,与,联系。无,keep,progress with,搭配。,B,20.Mr.Barren doesn,t think that all bad,language should be,allowed.In,his opinion,there are,that should be kept up.,A.degrees,B.levels,C.limits,D.standards,解析,定语从句,that should be kept up,中的,keep up,表示,“,保持，维持，坚持,”,。根据前,一句的逻辑推理,:Barren,先生认为我们不能容,忍所有骂人的话,可以推断出,“,需要维持一定的,标准、准则,”,。,D,返回,