初中英语中考作文指导.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,写作指导,Lets go for it!,一、,中考评分标准,：,作文一律按档给分，与错误个数无直接关系,。,第一档（21-25分）,完全完成规定任务，涵盖所有要点，语言基本无误，行文连贯，,有新意亮点。,第二档（16-20分）,完成规定任务，涵盖基本要点，语言有,少量错误，,行文基本连贯，表达基本清楚。,第三档（11-15分）,基本完成规定任务，写出一些内容，语言有一些错误，行文不够连贯，表达不够流畅。,第四档（6-10分）,未能恰当完成规定任务，只能写出个别要点，语言错误多，未能清楚传达信息。,第五档（0-5分）,未能完成规定任务，只能写出一些单词，语言错误很多，未能清楚传达信息。,二,、题型特点：,书面表达是对学生的语言组织能力、行文表达能力、基础知识、语法、词汇等综合驾驭能力的考查。,中考书面表达贴近生活，贴近时代，给同学们一更多的表达空间。,作文题目由限制性题目到,半开放性题目,，提示性词语越来越少，而给同学们的空间越来越大,英语作文,8,个话题,一、,介绍人（自己、家庭、朋友、老师、个人变化、个人感受等）,二、介绍地点（旅游等）,三、校园生活（春游、校规、科目、学习困难等）,四、课外生活 （家庭生活、家务劳动、电影、个人爱好等）,五、假期安排 （计划、过去经历等）,六、节假日活动 （志愿者活动、过去经历）,七、环境、健康 （环保、疾病、食品健康等）,八、个人观点建议 （提建议、劝告等）,2011,年中考作文,2011,年：节假目活动,.,书面表达,(,共,1,小题,;,满分,20,分,),如今，中学生的假期生活发生了很大变化。假定你是李明，美国的笔友,Lisa,想了解中国学生现在的假期生活。请写封回信。要点如下学习和休闲仍然重要,;,帮忙做家务或干农活,;,参加社会活动，做志愿者工作，帮助他人。注意：,1.,词数,80,一,100;,2.,请结合实际增加细节，适当发挥,;,3.,信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇,:volunteer,志愿者,Dear Lisa,Im glad to have received your letter.Our holiday life has changed a lot.Best wishes!Yours,Li Ming,2012,安徽中考英语作文,2012,年：与人相处,假定你叫张华，最近从报纸上得知美国某公司将在你的家乡,建一座工厂，请给该公司写封电子邮件。,要点如下：表示欢迎：有利于家乡发展等,;,感到担忧：,造成环境污染等,;,希望了解有关环保措施及更多信息。,注意：,1.,词数,80-100;2.,请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥以使行文连贯,;,3.,邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。,2013,安徽中考英语作文,2013,年：家庭,今天是父亲节。假定你是李华，请给你的美国笔友,John,写一封,电子邮件，谈谈你将如何与父亲一起度过这个特别的日子。,要点如下：表达你与父亲间的情感,;,为父亲制作一张卡片,;,帮助父亲做点事,;,陪父亲散步等。,注意：,1.,词数,80-100;,2.,请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥,;,3.,邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。,2014,年,书面,2014,年 安全,假定你是王伟,你的英国笔友,David,来信问及你们学校在署假期间对学生的,.,要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。家庭安全：小心用火用电,外出时关好门窗,;,游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳,;,交通安全,:,过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。提示词：,electricity(n.,电,),注意：,1.,词数,80-100;,2.,请不耍逐句翻译，可适当发挥,;,3.,文中不能出现真实的校名和人名,;,4.,邮件的开头和结尾以为你写好，不计入总词数。,2015,年中考作文,2015,网络,假如你是李华，你的英国笔友,Peter,来信询问汉语中一些流行的网络语言的意思，请根据下列提示回一封电子邮件。,1.,点赞（,Dianzan):,赞同，喜爱,2.,任性（,Renxing):,随心所欲,3.,秒杀（,Miaosha):,快速达到目的,4.,土豪（,Tuhao):,很富有,5.,注意：,1.,词数,80100,；,2.,请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；,3.,文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；,4.,邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。,英语写作中流行的十句作文法是由专家总结一种高分作文方法，考生在经过短期训练之后便可较大程度地提高作文成绩。需要指出的是：所谓十句作文并非一定是,10,句，很多考生的高分作文（,80,字,左右,）的句子数量都在,8,至,10,句之间（以句子长短和结构不同而变化）。如按每个句子平均,812,个单词计算，用,710,个句子便能完成一篇要求在,80,词左右的作文。其基本模式为：,十句作文法,第二段,（正文）,主题句,扩展句,（要视内容而决定扩,展句 的多少）,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,第三段（结尾）,第一段（开头）,主题句,扩展句,结尾句,第一段为开头，包括两句。,第一句为主题句，提出问题并通过问题点明全文主体；第二句为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。另外，也可将两句顺序倒过来，由第一句说明情况，第二句提出问题。,第二段为正文，共七句。,第一句为主题句，提出本段的主体，它应与第一段的主体相一致。第二句至第七句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主体。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词，以使行文流畅。,第三段为结尾，,简化为一句，是对全文的总结，并说明作者自己的观点。,三段之间的衔接要灵活运用“启、承、转、合”的过渡手段。,举例,“A,或者,B”,类议论文模板：,导入：,第,1,段：,Some people hold the opinion that,A is superior to B in many ways.Others,however,argue that B is much better.Personally,I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.,正文：,第,2,段：,There are many reasons why,I prefer A.The main reason is that.Another reason is that.(,赞同,A,的原因,),第,3,段,:Of course,B also has advantages to some extent.(,列出,12,个,B,的优势,),结论：,第,4,段,:But if all these factors are considered,A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above,we may finally,draw the conclusion that.(,得出结论,),prefer,做题步骤：,1,审题：,审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称等细节；找出文章要表达的中心。,2,列提纲（文章结构框架）：,分几段，以及每段大体内容；,3,写作：,在提纲的基础上补充要点；,4,复查：,2,遍,1,遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题；,2,遍不出声读查，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；,5,誊抄：,不允许做任何的更改。,*总之做到,三审,：体裁、时态、人称；,三思,：词汇,短语,句式；,三查,：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。,步骤一：审题,审题的训练对于每个学生都不陌生，我要说的是审题一定要做到五个方面：一审主题（写什么），二审体裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹叙夹议），三审时态（时态中考两个扣一分，三个降一档），四审人称（别犯低级错误），五审内容要点（一定要在试卷中画出，免得写的时候忘记，导致跑题）,步骤二：打草稿,中考一定要打草稿，两大优势,1,中考不准在试卷,上,更改,（修正带,，,透明胶，可擦笔）,而中考时落笔错误是难免的，涂改就会,影响,卷面分，打草稿就可以避免这个情况了。,2,正式写作是对草稿的,再,梳理，语言的,再,锤炼,。,步骤三：正文写作,做到两点，一要凝练，而要变化。文章,80100,字为宜，一定要注意使用过渡词、从句、,50,个句型和词组搭配。,步骤四：检查：,很多学生考试都会检查，但总是不能找到自己的错误。原因很简单，方法不对：,英语写作检查的原则：,1,内容要点：缺少一个内容要点，文章直接降到第三档,2,语法错误：名词查单复数和冠词问题，动词查时态语态和三单问题。,3,变换句式：过于简单的结构要试着变化,学生作文常见语法错误,1,）名词的单复数前后不统一,With the,develop,of life,more and more,family,have,computer,.,2,）时态、语态、主谓不一致,Having family teachers,are,very common among students.,It not only,make,our life colorful but also,help,some people realise their dreams.,学生作文常见语法错误,3,）副词位置或词性不当,We,also,can do something for our parents to show our thanks.,We should use the computer in a,properly,way.,4),表达随意,中国式英语比比皆是,There are a large number of tourists,visit,Shanghai every year.,5,）语言表达繁琐或生硬,Ill try my best to study hard.I want to get good marks.,(,建议用,in order to,连接,),To buy things on line,makes our life more convenient.(,用,Shopping on line),I prefer,bike,to,car,because riding,bike,is good for our,healthy,and it,dont,pollute,the environment.,Dear Mr.Know,，,I m pleased to write to ask for some help.I want to tell you,some problems we meet in English study.,First,，,some of us arent interested in English.We think,studying English is such a boring thing.And then its so,difficult for us to remember all the words in the texts.So lots,of us dont have enough confidence to keep up English study.,And we are always afraid to join the group discussion.,Whats more,there are so many new words we havent,meet before in the passage.I dont know what to do.,Sometimes we cant understand the main idea,let alone,(,更不用说,),answer the questions about them.But the most,difficult thing is to write.We often use wrong words and,sentences.,Can you help us?How can we improve our English?Please,give us some useful advice.Thank you very much.Write to,me soon.,Lets go for it!,Mary,(the beginning),(the ending),the body,（正文）,basic structure,(,基本结构的安排,),basic rules,(,写作考试规则,),search,（审）,list,（列）,add,(,加,:,开头和结尾,),connect,(,连,),beautiful,(,美：谚语,/,例子,),牛刀小试,健康很重要。在学习和工作的压力日趋增大的今天，会休息的人才会有健康的身体。人们是如何度过假期的呢？国际健康组织对此作了一次调查，右图是他们此次的调查结果。根据你所得的信息，请为国际健康组织写一篇完整的调查报告,并提倡大家进行假日休闲。,审,(search),travel,stay at home,visit friends or parents,work,如何度假,调查报告,倡议假日休闲,stay at home,work,visit friends or parents,travel,列,(list),根据以下关键词及图表用简单的句子列出文章的要点。,A lot of people travel.,Some people stay at home.,Some other people visit friends or parents.,A few people work.,Enjoy your vacation.,列,(list),How do people spend their vacation?We made a survey and here is our report.,（,the beginning,）,A lot of people travel.Some people stay at home.They watch TV or surf the internet.Some other people visit friends or parents.A few people work.,Come and enjoy your vacation.People who relax well work well.,（,the ending,）,加,(add),加首尾,，使结构完整。,可以采取,总分总,结构，开头或结尾的句子应注意简洁、漂亮。,How do people spend their vacation?We made a survey and here is our report.,According to it,a lot of people travel.,And,some people stay at home.They watch TV or surf the Internet.,Also,some,other people visit friends or parents.,However,a few people work.,Come and enjoy your vacation.People who relax well work well.,连,(connect),Writing skills,（“写”的技巧）,方法一,:,善用词汇,甚至善用,高级词汇,Which is better?,他们在海滩上听音乐。,A They listened to the music on the beach.,B They enjoyed the music on the beach.,Which is better?,我希望你能帮助我。,A I wish you can help me.,B Im looking forward to your help.,Which is better?,他们很早就到了。,A They arrived early.,B They arrived as early as they could.,Which is better?,最后，他的狗得救了，他感到很惊讶。,A His dog was saved at last.He was very surprised.,B To his surprise,his dog was saved at last.,A I think learning English is interesting.,B I find it really fun to learn English.,我认为学英语很有趣。,我们应该保护环境。,A We should protect the environment.,B Its our duty to protect the environment.,方法二,:,活用多种句型,Writing skills,（“写”的技巧）,她还小，搬不动这么重的箱子。,A She is very young.,She cant carry the heavy box.,B She is too young to carry the heavy box.,C She is so young that she cant carry the,D She is not old enough to carry the,方法三,:,妙用关联词,Writing skills,（“写”的技巧）,1.,表示并列或递进,:and,as well as,bothand,whats more,not onlybut also,neithernor,2.,表示选择,:or,eitheror,3.,表示转折,:but,however,althoughthough,after all,anyway,4.,表示因果,:because,so,therefore,since,for,as a result,5.,表示条件,:if,unless,6.,表示对比,:instead,notbut,while,in the same way,on the one handon the other hand,7.,表示解释,:for example,for instance,such as,that is to say,in other words,to tell the truth,8.,表示顺序,:to begin with,firstly,first(of all),second(ly),next,later,since then,from then on,finally,in the end,9.,表示强调,:also,besides,especially,actually,in fact,10.,表示结论,:all in all,altogether,in a word,generally speaking,in short,关联词,(connection words),How do people spend their vacation?We made a survey and here is our report.,According to it,a lot of people travel.,And,some people stay at home.They watch TV or surf the Internet.,Also,some,other people visit friends or parents.,However,a few people work.,Come and enjoy your vacation.People who relax well work well.,连,(connect),Lets try,_ I am tired,I keep on working till midnight.,He didnt go to movies,he went to the concert _.,We like doing kinds of sports _ swimming,running and hiking.,_,he stood up.Then he got out._,he went back._,he smiled.,Though,Although,instead,like,First,Next,Finally,At last,We interviewed people about the ways to spend the vacation and here is our report.,According to it,most people,choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays,.,Then,some people like to stay at home,watching TV or surfing the Internet to have a good rest,.,And,to visit friends or parents,also,makes them relaxed,.,However,a few people,have to,work.,Come and enjoy your vacation.People who relax well work well.,美,(beautify),According to it,most people,choose to travel to,get away from the busy world during the holidays,.,Then,some people like to stay at home,watching TV,or surfing the Internet to have a good rest,.,However,a few people,have to,work.,As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes,Jack a dull boy.”,Come and enjoy your vacation.People,who relax well work well.,美,(beautify),And,to,visit friends or parents,also,makes them relaxed,.,Proverb,（谚语）,/saying,加谚语,(Proverb/saying),可用于”,beginning”,和”,ending”,，多用后者。,锻炼对学生有好处,It is good for us students to take exercise,As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”,It is good for us students to take exercise.,集中注意力于学习,We should concentrate on our studies.,As the saying goes,“No pains,no gains.”,We should concentrate on our studies.,.,加谚语,(Proverb/saying),可用于开头和结尾，多是结尾。,加谚语,(Proverb/saying),可用于”,beginning”,和”,ending”,，多用后者。,加入英语俱乐部是学习英语的好方法,Joining the English club is a good way to learn English.,As the saying goes,“Practice makes perfect.”,So,joining the English club is a good way to learn English.,加谚语,(Proverb/saying),可用于开头和结尾，多是结尾。,加谚语,(Proverb/saying),可用于”,beginning”,和”,ending”,，多用后者。,Enjoy some proverbs,1.Practice makes perfect.,2.Think twice before you do.,4.Do as the Romans do.,三思而后行。,熟能生巧。,有志者事竟成。,入乡随俗。,早起的鸟儿有虫吃。,失败是成功之母。,5.The early bird catches the worm.,3.Where there is a will,there is a way.,6.Failure is the mother of success.,Enjoy some proverbs,7.It is no use crying over spilt milk.,8.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.,9.All roads lead to Rome.,10.Never too old to learn.,覆水难收。,一天一个苹果，医生远离我。,条条大路通罗马。,活到老，学到老。,方法四,:,妙用引文和例子（多用于,“,the body,”,）,Writing skills,（“写”的技巧）,第二段,（正文）,主题句,扩展句,（要视内容而决定扩,展句 的多少）,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,第三段（结尾）,第一段（开头）,主题句,扩展句,结尾句,青少年应尽我们所能保护环境拯救地球。,We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.,For example,we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags,stop using napkins,plant more trees and save water and energy.,加例子,加例子,在家里，我经常帮助父母亲干家务活。,I often help my parents do housework,such as,washing dishes,folding the clothes,taking out the trash and so on.,结尾：,提出倡议或号召,Lets,Do it now!/Dont do it again!,As students,we should start from ourselves.,Dont wait.Join us now!,Start to join us now!,Dont put it off!Become a volunteer today!,How amazing!I cant wait!,Save animals!Save Ourselves!Save our planet!,Dont hesitate(,犹豫,).It will be great fun!,Practice,1.,为了保持健康，我们应多做锻炼。,2.,如果你坚持学习，你会对中国文化及语言了 解更多。,In order to keep fit,we should try to do,as much,exercise,as we can,.,Keep learning,and,youll learn more about Chinese culture,as well as,language.,Practice,3.,随着人口的迅速增长，环境问题越来越严重。,4.,我们只有通过这些方式才能提高英语。,With the population increasing quickly/rapidly,The environmental problem is a hot topic.,Only in these ways,can we improve our English.,Practice,5.,它一定有利于城市的发展。,6.,它不仅影响我们的健康，对未来也有重要的影响。,There is no doubt that,it is good for the development of the city.,Not only,does it influence our health,it also has a great effect on the future.,Practice,7.,因为树可以为我们提供新鲜空气，所以要多种树。,8.,接受教育是最重要的事。,The reason why,we have to grow trees,is that,they can provide us with fresh air.,Nothing,is,more important than,to receive education.,知己知彼，学范文,First,，,some of us arent interested in English.,We think studying English is such a boring thing.,And then,its so difficult for us to remember all,the words in the texts.,So,lots of us dont have,enough confidence to keep up English study.,And,we are always afraid to join the group discussion.,Whats more,there are so many new words we,havent met before in the passage.I dont know,what to do.,Sometimes,we cant understand the,main idea,let alone,(,更不用说,),answer the questions,about them.,But,the most difficult thing is to write.,We often use wrong words and sentences.,Lets go for it!,1,2,3,4,6,5,Dear Mary,I heard you didnt do well in English.Here is some advice for you.,Yours,_,I think reading English every day and listening,to the teacher carefully in class are the most important._,you can join the English club to practice English.,You know,“Practice makes perfect.”_,it is necessary for you,to listen to the English radio every morning.It can improve your,listening skill._,English is not difficult to learn and I hope,what I have said is helpful for you.,To begin with,Of course,In fact,Then,Your turn to go for it!,（,check,）,1,2,3,Task I,Discussion:,What do you think of the composition?Are there any problems?,Dear editor,When we discuss about whether it is good to book a room for kids at a hotel near the school where the exam will be taken,we have different opinions:75%of the students,think,that it is not necessary to rent a room at a hotel.They think it,wastes,money.,请改作文,hold the view,is a waste of,They say the place where they stay,has little to do with,the exam.They also say it will,increase,their pressure if they stay with their parents,add to,has little connection to,组段成篇，,加主题句,审清题意，,构建框架,连词成句，变换句式,抓住要点，,列关键词,Summary,集句成段，添连接词,抄写规范，,避免错误,中考满分作文应该这样写：,第一，词汇量要充足。,第二，审题要充分。,第三，提纲要详细。,第四，文化差异要注意,第五，细节错误要摒弃。,如何为自己的作文加分,除了扣分点，还有一些得分点：比如说作文的组织结构分，就是根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。,只要文章中有,1,个亮点，基本就可以争取到,1,分,(3,分的文采分是很难全部拿到的,),。而这,1,分的亮点，是可以提前准备的。例如，有一些“万金油”式的复杂句型，例如强调句型、,only,相关的倒装句等，只要同学们多操练几次，几乎是一定能用到作文当中，从而为自己争取到这,1,分。,如何为自己的作文加分,卷面分也很重要。,很多家长和同学，尤其是部分书法并不是十分整洁的同学，都会关心是否真的有“卷面分”的存在。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项，但是这个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。据阅卷老师的经验，在阅卷的时候并不是按这,3,个部分逐项打分的，而是在第一遍读完全文之后，心里已经形成了一个“印象分”，然后再,细读第二、三遍，把印象分分配到各个打分部分。因此，这个“印象分”就非常重要，而同学们的书法，也正是在这个环节，影响到了自己的分数。,所以初三的考生，如果书法不好，一定要注意。所谓的书法并不需要写的很漂亮，符合,3,个简单的标准即可：没有斜体、没有连笔、涂改较少。,Lets have a try,假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。,要点提示如下：,1.,几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞。,2.,从那时起，奶奶喜欢上了广场舞。,3.,现在奶奶比以前更健康了，有了很多的朋友。,4.,有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡。,5.,你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但,.,参考词汇：跳广场舞,do square dancing,(,对某人）有意见,have a complaint(against sb.),要求：,1.,词数,80100,个,2.,开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,3.,要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。,Boy and girls,I am very happy to speak here and Id like to talk about my grandma.,_,_,_,_,_,Thats all.Thank you!,做题步骤：,