分词考点.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,之,分词,指出下列分词在句中充当什么成分,1.a,running,man,a,walking,boy,developing,countries,developed,countries,falling,leaves,fallen,leaves,2.I heard the girl,singing,in the classroom.,I often heard the song,sung,by her.,3.The,programme,for the weekend looks,exciting,.I am very,excited,about it.,4.,Seeing,his mother,the baby stopped crying.,Seen,from the space,the earth looks blue.,状,宾补,表,定,主 动,被 动,一般式,完成式,语态,时态,分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been done,过去分词只有一种形式，即,_,done,1.,分词作定语,1).The building _(,正在建的,)now is for the teachers.,The building _(,去年建好了的,)last year is for the teachers.,The building _(,明年将建的,)next year is for the teachers.,2).I have never seen a more _(,感人的,)movie.,being built,built,to be built,moving,考点一：分词的功能,3)._(,沸腾的水,)water;_(,烧开过的水,)water,_(,正在下落的叶子,)leaves;_(,已经落下的叶子,)leaves,小结：当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用,_,；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用,_,；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用,_,；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表将来时，用,_,；不及物动词的现在分词表示,_,，过去分词表示,_,。,boiling,boiled,falling,fallen,doing,being done,done,to be done,正在进行,已经完成,题组训练：,Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?,Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth,_(believe)to be flat.,The speech which he made _(concern)the football match bored a lot of fans to death.,If the building project _(complete)by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.,lying,believed,concerning,to be completed,2.,分词作表语,1).This is a most _ story and we all feel _ by it(move).,2).He proves to be a _ boy and his parents are both _ with him.(disappoint),3).His _(excite)look on his face suggested that he won the game.,小结：分词作表语表主语特征或性质相当于形容词，现在分词作表语主语多为,_,，意思是,_,；过去分词作表语主语多为,_,，意思是,_,。,moving,moved,disappointing,disappointed,excited,物,令人,的,人或表情,感到,的,3.,分词作宾补,1).I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.,I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.,I heard an English song _(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.,I often heard the English song _(sing)by the little girl.,sing,singing,being sung,sung,小结,1),：现在分词作宾补，表,_,；过去分词作宾补，表,_,或,_,；不定式作宾补表,_,；表被动且正在进行时，用,_,作宾补。,主动，正在进行,被动，完成,没有一定的时间性,主动，完成,being done,2).I looked down at my neck and found my necklace _(go).,I was surprised to find my hometown _(change)so much.,小结,2),：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补，只表,_,或,_,。,gone,changed,状态完成,3,）,I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?,（,2007,全国卷,I,）,A.burning,B.burnt,C.being burnt D.to be burnt,After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.,（,2007,上海卷）,A.calling,B.called,C.being called D.to call,A,A,小结,3,）：能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：“三让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。,三让,:_;,三看,:_;,两听,:_;,一注意,:_;,一发现,:_;,一感觉,:_,。,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel,题组训练,;,At the moment I saw him _(cross)the road.,I was glad to see the children well _(take)care of.,A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _(smoke)in the kitchen.,crossing,taken,smoking,4.,分词作状语,1,.,作时间状语,-,ing,短语作时间状语要置于,句首,。,1,）,When,they heard the bad news,they couldnt help,crying.,=(,When),_,the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,2)After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.,=,_ his letter,I decided to write back.,Hearing,Having received,2,.,作原因状语,-,ing,短语作原因状语置于,句首。,1)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,=_,so,angry,he couldnt go to,sleep.,2)Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,=,_the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,Being,Having been to,3.,作条件状语,-,ing,作条件状语置于,句首或句末,。,如：,1)If you work hard,you will succeed.,=_,you will succeed.,2)If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,=_,the trees could have grown better.,Working hard,Being given more attention,4.,作让步状语,-,ing,短语作让步状语，可置于,句首或 句末,，常与,even if,though,连用。如：,Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.,=,_,from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,Though working,_(,尽管被告知了很多遍,),the naughty boy made the same mistake.,Having been told many times,5.,作伴随状语,置于句首或句末。如：,They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.,=They came into the classroom,_.,singing and laughing,When working,in the factory,he was,an advanced worker.,=,When he worked in the factory,he,was an advanced worker.,注意：,1.-,ing,短语与,when,while,though,until,if,等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：,2.,动词,-,ing,形式在句中作状语时，其,逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致,。如：,听到这个消息，她的眼泪哗哗流下来,_,tears ran down her face.,_,she cried out,sadly.,When she heard the news,Hearing the news,Being,fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,It,being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,天气好的话，我们下周举行运动会。,1,).Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,表（）,_,they couldnt help crying.,Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.,=_,the earth looks blue.,When they heard the bad news,When it is seen from the space,时间,2).Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,表（）,=_,he couldnt go to sleep.,Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.,=_,the children began to cry.,原因,Because he was so angry,As they were deeply moved by the story,3).Working hard,you will succeed.,表（）,=_,you will succeed.,Given another chance,I will do it better.,=_,I will do it better.,条件,If you work hard,If I am given another chance,4).Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,表（）,=_,his father didnt get enough food.,Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.,=_,he refused to let out the secret.,让步,Though his father worked from,morning till night,Although he was beaten by the enemy,5).They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.,表（）,=They came into the classroom,_.,She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.,=She walked out of the house,_.,伴随,and they sang and laughed,and was followed by her little daughter,6).The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.,表（）,=The bus was held up by the snowstorm,_.,小结：分词作状语相当于一个对应的,_,，可以表时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与,_,一致。,结果,so it caused the delay,状语从句,句子的主语,_(repair),the road cant be taken.,_(hear)the encouraging news,she couldnt help dancing.,_(not receive)his reply,she decided to write another letter.,_(warn)many times,he didnt dare to go out alone at night.,_(keep)in refrigerator,vegetables will remain fresh.,考点二,:,分词作状语形式的选择,Being repaired,Hearing,Not having received,Having been warned,Kept,小结：分词的五种形式作状语，用法各不相同。与句中主语构成主谓关系，且与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，用,_,；与句中主语构成主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生时，用,_,；与句中主语构成动宾关系，没有一定的时间性，用,_,；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，用,_,；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生，用,_,。,doing,having done,done,being done,having been done,题组训练,_ many times,she still cant remember it.,A.Had told B.Having been told C.Having told D.Being told,_ full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.,We did not make,B.Having not made,C.We had not made,D.Not having made,B,D,Written in a hurry,_.,Peter made many mistakes in the paper,B.there are many mistakes in the paper,C.we found some mistakes in the paper,D,.the paper is full of mistakes,D,Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a recorder US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,（,2005,山东卷）,A.have reached B.reaching,C.to reach D.to be reaching,_the,programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2004,广东卷,)A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed,D.Having not completed,B,C,必背短语,:,Generally speaking,一般说来,Frankly speaking,坦白地说,Judging from/by,根据,来判断,Considering/takinginto consideration,考虑到,Supposing,假使,如果,Seeing,考虑到,Providing,如果,Saving,除了,除非,Assuming,假使,Admitting,虽说,即使,Given,如果,Provided that,如果,Compared to/with,与,相比,考点三：,独立成分作状语,题组训练,_(judge)from previous experience,he will be late.,_(judge)by the local official,this group ranked first.,_(take)his health into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.,His health _(take)into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.,Judging,Judged,Taking,taken,独立主格结构,考点四：,独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于,状语从句,，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。,1,表示时间：,_(,春天来了,),the trees turned green.,_,（会议结束了）,we left the room.,Spring coming on,The meeting(being)over,2,表示原因：,_,（是星期天）,the library was closed.,_,（没有车啦）,we had to walk home.,3,表示条件：,_,（时间允许的话）,well visit the Summer Palace.,It being Sunday,There being no buses,Time permitting,4,表示伴随情况或补充说明：,The children were making a snowman,_(,手通红,),with the cold,.,I have bought a new coat,_,（旧的破啦）,.,hands red,the old one being worn out,独立主格结构的形式：,名词或代词,+,分词（,doingdone),1)._(,天气许可的话,),well go sightseeing.,2)._(,综合考虑,),her paper is of greater value than yours.,Weather permitting,All things considered,独立主格结构的形式：,名词或代词,+,不定式,_,（明天要进行考试）,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.,不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事,。,The exam to be held tomorrow,名词或代词,+,形容词,副词,1).He entered the room,_(,鼻子因为冷而冻得通红,).,2)._(,课程结束啦,),we went to play football.,his nose(,being,)red with cold,Our lessons(,being),over,名词或代词,+,介词短语,1).The children came running towards us,_,（手里拿着花）,.,2).Last night I followed him here,and climbed in,_,（剑在手）,.,with flower,s,in,their hands,sword in hand,=with a sword in my hand,名词或代词,+,名词,He fought against the robber,_(,拐杖是唯一的武器,),表示存在时，也可以构成独立主格结构,1)._,（没有理由害怕）,he returned to his hometown.,a stick his only weapon,.,There being no cause for fear,1,with+,名词（或代词）,+,现在分词,He fell asleep,with the lamp burning.,With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.,2,with+,名词（或代词）,+,过去分词,All the afternoon he worked,with the door locked.,With the work finished,all of us went out for a walk.,介词,+,复合宾语（介词,+,宾语,+,宾补）,with(without like),复合结构,3,with+,名词（或代词）,+,动词不定式,I cant go out,with all these dishes to wash.,With so many books to read,I couldnt go out with you,4,with+,名词（或代词）,+,介词短语,He walked along,with his hat on the back of his head,.,He simply stared at her,with that peculiar expression on his face.,5,with+,名词（或代词）,+,形容词,The man was sleeping,with the window open.,The mother doesnt allow her child to talk,with his mouth full.,6,with+,名词（或代词）,+,副词,With John away,weve got more room.,The student listened to his teacher,with his head down,.,With the teacher there,he cant write.,without like+,复合宾语,Without a word more spoken,he left the room.,The old pine tree still stood there,like an umbrella covering the,entrance.,二、功能：,1,作状语 表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：,The day is bright,with a fresh breeze blowing.,With three people away ill,well have to close the office this afternoon.,What a lonely world it would be,with you away.,2,作定语（,with,相当于,having,该结构可改成带有,have,的定语从句）,The new building,with its windows facing south,is our office.,Some were poor,with not even a raincoat to protect them from the weather.,The young man wore a shirt,with the neck open,showing his bare chest.,1.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.,（,07,山东卷）,A,has been launched B,having been launched C,being launched D,to be launched 2.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.,（,07,福建卷）,A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled,B,B,3.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.,（,2007,安徽卷）,A.finished B.finishing,C.having finished D.was finished4.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.,（,2007,重庆卷）,A.finishing B.finished,C.had finished D.were finished,A,B,小结,:,非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和主句主语一致,.,但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构,.,题组训练,The test _(finish),we began our holiday.,Weather _(permit),we are going to visit you tomorrow.,_(be)Sunday,we have no classes.,_(be)no buses,we had to walk home.,finished,permitting,It being,There being,