虚拟语气动词的虚拟语气表示.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚 拟 语 气,动词的虚 拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚 拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,（一）虚 拟语气用于简单 句表示祝愿、命令等，谓语动词要用原形。,1.不带任何助动词。例如：,God bless you.,上帝 保佑你!,2.用,may。,例如：,May our friendship further develop.,愿我们的友谊天长地久。,May you,enjoy,a ripe old age.,祝您晚年幸福！,3.用,wish。,例如：,Wish you good health.,祝您健康。,4）用,Long live 。Long live peace and friendship.,和平与友谊万岁！,(,二),虚 拟语气,用于条件句,表示一种不能实现或实现可能性特别小的“非真实条件”.通常有下列三种时态:,1.与现实相反的假设,条件句：动词用过去时,主 句:,should/could/would/might +,动词原形,注意:在条件句中,be,的过去式一般用,were。1）If he were there ,all would be well.,如果他在那儿,一切都好办了。,2）,I would,tell her if I thought she would understand .,如果我认为她能理解的话,我就会告诉她了。,2.与过去事实相反的假设 表示与过去事实相反的假设,往往带有“可惜”、“理应”、“懊悔”等惋惜、责备的含义。,条件句：,had +,过去分词,主 句,should/would/could/might/+have,+,过去分词,1）,If the policeman,had arrived,earlier ，he,would,have,seen,the accident.,.,如果警察早来一步,就会看到这场 事故了。1）,If you,had spoken clearly ，you would have been understood.,如果你说得清楚的话,你早被理解了。,虚 拟 语 气,(2),“,were+,动词不定式”型,所表示的事情在三种形式中发生的可能性最小。,条件句：,were,+,动词不定式,主 句：情态动词的过去式+动词原形,If John,were to do,the experiment tomorrow，he,might read,the instructions carefully.,约翰想明天做那个试验,他也许会把那些指令仔细地读一遍。,（3）“动词过去式”型,条件句：动词过去式+表示将来时间的状语,主 句：情态动词的过去式+动词原形,1）,If it,were,Sunday tomorrow，I,would go to see,my teacher.,要是明天是星期天,我会去看那儿的老师。,（三）使用虚拟语气的常见句型,1.,It+be+,某些形容词或过去分词+,（,that）,+,从句主语+,（,should）,+,动词原型+,常用于这一句型的词有,necessary,important,impossible,strange,natural,essential,等;常用于此的过去分词表示提议、要求或命令等,有,suggested,requested,demand,proposed,ordered,advised,urged,insisted,等。,1）,It is necessary that you （should）be present at the,meeting.,务必请你出席会议。,2),It is natural the he,(should)say so.,他这样说是很自然的。,2.用在,decide,advice,require,ask,intend,suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,等,表示建议、命令、要求的动词引导的宾语从句中。谓语用,（,should）+,动词原形,。,例如：,1),I propose it (should)be done at once.,我提议立即做这件事。,使用虚拟语气的常见句型,II,3.用在,advice,suggestion,motion,order,plan,等后面的同位语从句中或以它们为主语的表语从句中，,（,should）+,动词原形,。,1),His advice that you(should)go over the plan once more is reasonable.,他要你把计划再检查一遍的检验是有道理的。,2）,What,I advise,is that you,go,and,ring,him,up.,我的意见是你去给他打个电话。,4.用在,It is （high/about）time （that）,的从句中。,从句中用过去时,。,例如：1）,It is time we left .,我们该离开了。,Its,high/about time that we,began,our class.,我们马上该上课了。,与将来事实相反的假设,表示说话人对尚未发生的事进行推测，对条件的实现认为不可能。,（1）最常用的形式,条件句：,should+,动词原形,主 句；,should/would/might+,动词原形,1）,If he should consider the problem again,he might get a correct,conclusion.,如果他把那个问题再考虑一遍,他也许会得到一个正确的结论。,2）,If she should come，I should/would ask her for help.,如果她来的话,我就请她帮忙,。,4.,省略连词,if,的条件从句,如果条件从句的谓语中含有,were,、had、should，,可以省略,if,将,were、had、should,放在,主语之前构成倒装句。例如：,1）,Were I you，I would take an umbrella with me.,如果我是你,我会带一把伞的。,2),Had she been given some information,she could,have answered,the question,如果给她提供一些资料的话,她可以回答这些问题的。,3）,Should he fail to come，John would work in his place。,万一他不来，约翰将代替他工作,。,though,引导的让步状语从句,从句用,were、,动词过去式,或,动词原形。,主句用,should/could+,动词原形或陈述语气。例如：,1）,Though it rained heavily，I,will be off,虽然雨下得很大，我还是要走。,2）,Though he were a teacher，he would obey the rule.,即使他是一个领导，也得遵守这个规则。,6.,even if/though,引导的状语从句,从句：,过去式,或,had+,过去分词。,主 句：,should/would+,动词原形或,have+,过去分词。,1）,Even if,he,were,present at the meeting，I,should say,the same thing.,即使他参加会议，我还是这样说。,（与现在事实相反，时态前移一次，即用过去时。）,Even though he had looked for me，he,couldn,t have found me。,I was out yesterday.,他即使找也找不到我，我昨天出去了。,（与过去事实相反，时态前移一次，用过去完成时）,7.在,however，whatever，wherever，whenever,及,no matter what,等引导的状语从句中，,从句：,动词原形,或,may+,动词原形，,若指过去时间，则用,may+have+,过去分词,主 句：,陈述语气,1),However poor one may be,one can always find something to be thankful for.,一个人不管多穷，他总是可以找到一些可以欣慰的 东西。,2）,We,mustn,t be proud,no matter what,achievements we may have made.,不论取得多么大的成绩，我们都不能骄傲。,8.,在,as if/though,引导的比较状语从句中，动词用过去式或,had+,过去分词。,1),He looks as if he,were,a child.,他看起来象个小孩。,2),They acted as if nothing,had happened,.,他们表现得好象什么也没有发生似的。,3),It seems as though it,was going to rain,.,好象要下雨似的。,注意：,as if/though,从句时态总是将真实情况（既陈述语气时应有的）时态前移一次。,9.,在,in order that/so that,引导的目的状语从句中,谓语是,may/might/can/could+,动词原形,1),She listened carefully,in order that she might discover,exactly what he wanted.,她,仔细地听着，以便发现他究竟想要什么。,2),She died,so that,others,might,live.,她为了别人而牺牲了。,10.,在,for fear that,lest,in case,引出的消极目的的状语从句中，谓语是,(,should)+,动词原形,1),I left the note,for fear that(lest)you should forget,.,我怕你忘记才留下这张便条。,2),Youd better leave the key at home in case one of us,(should)think of,coming back.,你最好把钥匙留在家里，以防我们中间有人想回来。,注意：,lest,与,for,fear that,本意都有“怕”的意思，而,lest,多,用于书面语，,for fear that,却较,通俗；,in case,含有“防备”的意思，口语中常用,in case,代替,lest,。,11.与,would,连用的一些词组,1）,would rather,其后的宾语从句必须用,一般过去时。,例如：,She,would rather,you,left,next month,instead of tomorrow.,她,宁愿让你下月而不是明天动身走。,2）,would as soon as,与,would sooner than,二者都与,would rather,意义相同，但要用,动词原形,。例如：,1）,She,would as soon stay,in the classroom,as go,to the room.,她宁愿留在教室而不去房间。,2）,She,would sooner carry,on the research work than give it up.,她宁愿继续进行这项研究工作而不愿放弃。,12.,Wish,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,Wish,后面的宾语从句表示愿望。,表示与,现实相反,的，从句用,过去时,表示与,过去事实相反,的，从句用,过去完成时,。例如：,1）,I wish I were a bird .（,与现在事实相反）,我真希望我是一只鸟,2）,She wishes she,hadn,t said it .（,与过去事实相反）,她真希望她没说过这话。,3）,He says that he could fly to the moon.（,与现实相反）,他说他真可以飞到月球上去就好。,在,Without（,如果没有），,but for（,要不是）介词短语后的简单句中，也可用虚拟语气。,Without,和,but for,相当于表示将来时间的条件句。例如：,1）,Without your help（=If it were not for her），,I might not be able to solve the problem.,如果没有您的帮助，我是不能解出这道题的。（与现在事实相反）,如果表示一个与过去事实相反的情况，则用：,should/could/would/might/+have+,过去分词。,1）,But for her （=If it were not for her ），,I,wouldn,t have gone to the party .,要不是为了她，我才不去参加这场集会呢。,2）,Without your help ，we would not have achieved so much。,若无您的帮助，我们不可能取得如此大的成绩（,but for,是书面语）,