误差和有效数字-长度的测量.ppt

第,5,节误差和有效数字,实验：长度的测量,测量值,真实值,仪器本身不精密,实验方法粗略,实验原理不完善,校准仪器,对读数作修正,改进实验方法,设计出在原理上更完善的实验,实验者,测量仪器,被测物理量,多次测量,|,A,A,0,|,估读数,非零数字,估读数,无关,测量,工具,感量,为,0.1,克天,平,感量,为,0.02,克天平,机械,秒表,量程为,“,0,3,伏,”,电,压表,量程为,“,0,0.6,安,”,电流表,厘米,刻度尺,工具最,小分度,0.1,克,0.02,克,0.1,秒,0.1,伏,0.02,安,1,厘米,工具,精确,度,0.1,克,0.02,克,0.1,秒,0.1,伏,0.02,安,1,厘米,测量,数据,36.50,克,36.50,克,36.4,秒,2.50,伏,0.49,安,1.620,米,有效数,字位数,4,4,3,3,2,4,微小差值,3,读数：如下表所示,游标尺,(mm),精度,(mm),测量结果,(,游标尺上第,n,个小格与主尺上的某刻度线对正时,)(mm),刻度,格数,刻度总,长度,每小格与,1,毫米差,10,_,_,_,主尺上读的毫米数,_,20,_,_,_,主尺上读的毫米数,_,50,_,_,_,主尺上读的毫米数,_,9,0.1,0.1,0.1,n,19,0.05,0.05,0.05,n,49,0.02,0.02,0.02,n,104.05,40.55,2.667(2.665,2.669,均正确,),图,1,图,2,50.15,3.205,3.208,外径,内径,深度,49,0.02 mm,5.212,6.125(6.123,6.127,都算对,),CD,2.793(2.791,2.795,均可,),可动刻度分为,100,等分,16.98,24.60,B,0.05,1.25,