大学英语四级考试辅导-作文.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四级应试技巧讲座,主讲：,Sabrina,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四级应试技巧讲座,主讲：,Sabrina,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第二讲 遣词造句,大学英语四级考试专项辅导,试卷构成,测试内容,测试题型,比例,听力理解,(249,分,),对话,短对话,(Part III 11-18),多项选择,35%,长对话,(Part III 19-25),多项选择,短文,短文理解,(Part III 26-35),多项选择,多项选择,(Part III 36-46),复合式听写,阅读理解,(249,分,),仔细阅读,篇章词汇,(Part IV 47-56),选词填空,(15,选,10),35%,篇章阅读,(Part IV 57-66),多项选择,(2,篇,),快速阅读理解,(Part II 1-10),是非判断,(1-7)+,句子填空或其他,(8-10),综合测试,70,分,完型填空 或 改错,(Part V 67-86),多项选择,10%,错误辨认并改正,写作,/,翻译,142,分,写作,(Part I),短文写作,20%,篇章问答 或句子翻译,(Part V 87-91),中译英,-,作文部分,大学英语四级考试专项辅导,第一讲 基本常识篇,第二讲 遣词造句篇,第三讲 布局谋篇,第四讲 体 裁 篇,第五讲 熟能生巧篇,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本常识篇,本讲主要内容,:,四级写作命题剖析：,命题范围,命题思路,评分原则及标准,写 作 应 试 技巧：,写作的几个基本步骤,高分作文技巧,如何提高写作,考场写作注意事项,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,四级写作具有显著的现实性。它们基本上可以包括大学生的学习、工作及课余生活或涉及当前社会的变化、发展及进步，或者一般的科普性的话题。总之，四级写作的题材不会出现偏题、怪题等现象，也不会让学生写一些不熟悉的社会现象或者与学生生活缺乏联系的科技题材的题目。,四级写作命题剖析：,一命题范围,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,近几年作文题目回顾：,针对当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象，写一篇说明诚实的,重要性,It Pays to Be Honest,.,（,2003.1,）,就现在社会上私人拥有的车辆增多的社会现象,要求学生根,据所看到的一起交通事故写一份见证书,陈述事故发生的情,况和事故发生的原因,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,(2003.6);,假设你的朋友向你咨询考试信息,给他,/,她写一封信,说明建,议报考专业的理由、报考该专业的基本条件及如何备考,A Letter in Reply to a Friend,（,2004.1,）；,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,以导游的身份写一段话，向游客简单介绍一天的行程安排，对即将旅游的地方进行描述（,2004.6,）；,要求学生写一份竞聘学生会主席的竞聘书，陈述自己具备的竞聘条件和当选后的打算（,2005.1,）；,在教师节的时候向你的老师写一封信，向老师致以节日的问候，表达对老师的谆谆教诲和无私奉献的敬意（,2005.6,）。,针对名校校园正成为旅游新热点，要求考生发表自己的看法（,2005.12,）；,针对大学里选修课不断增多的情况，要求考生就这种现象发表自己的看法（,2006.6,）；,现阶段娱乐日益丰富，针对春节联欢晚会的存废问题要求考生展开讨论，发表各自意见（,2006.12,）,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,二,命题思路,四级考试作文项目的命题指导思想以,大学英语教学大纲,及,大学英语四级考试大纲,为依据，试卷上可能给出题目，或,规定情景,，或要求,看图作文,，或给出,段首句要求续写,，或给出,关键词要求写成短文,，或要求,分析图表作文,，或为,日常应用文（如信函、简历）,等。通过对历年四级作文真题的分析和归纳，可以看出四级作文的体裁多样，主要有,论说文、记叙文、图表作文、应用文,等。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,三评分原则及标准,1,）评分原则,CET,是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以 此要求为准则。,作文题采用,总体评分（,Global Scoring,）,方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出,奖励分（,Reward Scores,），,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,从,内容和语言,两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所,规定的内容,，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文,是否切题,，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否能用,英语,清楚而确切地表达思想,，也就是,要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,2,）评分标准,1.,作文满分为,15,分。阅卷标准共分为,五等,:,2,分、,5,分、,8,分、,11,分及,14,分,。,2.,阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如,8,分）相似，即定为该分数（即,8,分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即,9,分）或减一分（即,7,分）。但不得加或减半分。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,3.,具体评分标准：,2,分,-,条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,5,分,-,基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差、有较多的严重语言错误。,8,分,-,基本切题。有些地方表述思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,11,分,-,切题。表达思想清楚，连贯性较好，但有少量语言错误。,14,分,-,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给,0,分。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,Directions:For this part,you are allowed to write,A Campaign Speech,in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union.,You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below,in Chinese:,1,、,你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任,学生会主席的工作。,2,、如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,评分原则及标准实例：,2005,年,1,月短文写作,14,分范文,11,分范文,8,分范文,5,分范文,2,分范文,Dear fellow students,I am grateful that you offer me the chance to speak here.I am,impressed by,the speeches of the previous candidates.Yet,I want to,prove myself better for the post of chairman,.,First of all,I have a pleasant personality,.Last year I was the dorm director of our building and I managed to get along with all the students well.I have acquired working experience and communication skills which I consider as the most essential for the coordinator of the whole student union.,Secondly,Im always ready to create,.At present our union is very well organized.However our activity schedule is slightly monotonous.I am willing to add some vivid elements into it in order to make our campus life more enjoyable.,If I am elected the chairman,I promise I will,become your voice and build the student union into a bridge between the students and the university.,Im your best choice,vote for me,vote for yourself,thank you,!,Hello,everyone.I believe I am the best choice of the post of chairman of the student union.,First,I have,the ability which is necessary to the post of chairman of the student union.I have been monitor of our class since I came to this school.In the past years,I worked very well on the post.,Second,I have,many interests.For example,I play basketball and foot ball very well.My tennis is good,too.,Third,I have,a lot of friends.Almost everyone likes me.,If I were chosen to be,the chairman of the student union,I will,work for the need of the students.I will tell the school what we students really need and what we dont want.,I believe,I am the best choice for,the post of chairman of student union.Thank you!,清清楚楚，该说的都说了，语法上没有什么大问题，篇章连贯，但感觉略缺火候。,Ladies and Gentlemen,all the schoolmates and teachers:,I will,elect to,the post of chairman of the students union.The reasons I make this decision is that,Im desire to,do more things for you.Apparently,only wishes are not available.Ill make you believe that not only did I have wishes but also capacity.,First,when I was a freshman,I took part in many kinds of activities to accumulate experiences and now I,familiar with,the process that how the students union works.Second,I love making friends and I had extensively hobbies.These can make me organize people easily.The third,I take this work very seriously and Ill try my best to improve and develop the students union to make you satisfied.,In a word,Im the right person you have ever been,searching,.So,support me!Ill never make you disappointed.,马马虎虎，想表达某意思，但是有中国式的思维句，有明显汉语的影子。,Thanks,everybodies,(everybody,)to give me a chance to,electe,(elect,)the post of chairman of the student union.Ill do my best in that post.,I will inform myself first.I am a man of hard-working.So I will do anything with my best.I can help everyone who needs help.I have a,weild,-eyesight.Using computer is my,farveate,(favorite,)thing.Above all,is the reason why I elected the post.,If I get the post,Ill solve the problems of every students.First thing I think must solve is the price in the school.It is too expensive to our student.Second,I think we must have more free time.,Nowaday,(Nowadays,),too many course in our table.So we cannot do something which we want to do.I think it is bad.Last,I,wll,orginaze,(organize,)more,performances,(performances)in school,in order to fill the rest time.,I hope everyone give me a chance to,acheve,（,achieve,）,my hopes.Thanks!,Nowadays in our highly technological society,its wildly,belived,(believed)that the persons ability is very crucial in our daily life.,As for as I can do chairman of Student commitment for best.First at all I have good communication skill for any people.Secondly I have goodly,boby,to competent this assign,because I very like sport and every morning do body excises,mealwhile,(meanwhile),Im a great student to lead us student for study together,and of course.Last but not least.If I election successful,I will do my young age,do anything for every classmate rejoice in hoe and patient in tribulation.,All of this reason to lead every people to,conclution(conclusion,)that I can election.,Very hope all classmate support me.Thank you!,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,4.,字数不足或段落不合要求应酌情扣分：,如题目中给出主题句，起始句，均不得计入所写字数。,累计字数,CET4,90-99,80-89,70-79,60-69,50-59,49,个以下,扣 分,1,2,3,5,7,9,对规定写三段的作文，只写一段者得,0,4,分；只写两段者得,0,9,分。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,写作应试技巧,一、写作的几个基本步骤,1,、审题,2,构思,3.,选择合适的框架之后动笔行文,4,检查修改,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,1.,审题,1,1.,体裁（议论文、说明文、描述文）,例,:,Directions:For this part,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:,（,1,）做合格大学生的必要性,（,2,）做合格大学生的必备条件（可以德智体等方面谈）,（,3,）我打算这样做,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,1,2.,根据不同体裁确定写作方法,例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为：,It is very necessary to be a good university student.(,议论体主题句,),There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.,（说明体的主题句）,What I will do in the future is the following.,（描述题的主题句）,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,如果要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句，题为,Good Health,的这篇作文：,（,1,）,Importance of good health,（,2,）,Ways to keep fit,（,3,）,My own practice,这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。,扩展后三段的主题句分别为：,It is very important to have good health.(,将名词,importance,变成形容词,important),There are four ways to keep fit for me.(,用,there be,句型,),My own practices are the following.,（采用原词）,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,3.,条理,:,对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚,对于说明文来说，,1,、,2,、,3,条要清楚,对于描述文要来，谁干什么要清楚。,主题句,（,It is very important to have good health.,正面（,With good health,we can.,）,反面,(,Without good health,we can do nothing.We cant do.),主题句,（,There are four ways to keep fit.,）：,Firstly,we should have our breakfast in the morning.,Second,we should have a nap at noon.,Third,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.,And fourth,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music.,）,主题句,（,My own practices are the following.,）,具体情况（主语为第一人称代词,I,，与第二段呼应）,In the morning,I have my breakfast.,At noon,I have a nap.,And in the afternoon,I always play football.,In the evening,I usually listen to the classic music.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,4.,十二句作文法,A-B B-C C-D D-E,流水账，没有中心,1.There are four ways to keep fit.,-There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us.,2.Firstly,we should have our breakfast in the morning,.-Firstly,we should have our breakfast,such as milk,eggs,bread and so on,in the morning.Second,we should have a nap at noon,.,3.Second,we should have a nap at noon,.-Secondly,we should have a short nap,even 30 minutes,at noon.,4.Third,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.,-Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon,.,5.And fourth,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music.,-And fourthly,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music,.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,2,构思,在草稿纸上写下所能想到的观点和关键词，然后认真筛选。,3.,选择合适的框架之后动笔行文,根据写作的体裁和类别,选择相应的模式,.,大致框架,-,各段内容的安排和过渡,要求,:,积累一定数量的套句及过渡连接词,并按不同框架选择适合自己的模板,考试时将已经构思好的观点和想法填入其中,略加润色,注意,:,在写作过程中,不要轻易改变立场或观点,应尽可能按已经构思好的所例内容进行,如果你想到什么写什么,那么你的文章就会显得杂乱无章，缺乏连贯性。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,4,检查修改,（,1,）单词拼写和句式表达是否正确。,（,2,）字母大小写和标点符号是否正确。,（,3,）主谓是否一致以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性如何。,（,4,）指代使用是否准确。,（,5,）动词形式，涉及时态、语态、语气等,（,6,）避免词性混用，包括形容词与副词、名词与动词、形容词与动词等。,（,7,）句式是否有变化。,（,8,）每一段话是否都紧扣文章的主题，是否都得到了充分的展开。,（,9,）文章是否连贯，是否使用了过渡性词语，句子之间和段落之间是否都具有逻辑性和条理性。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,1,）整洁的卷面和漂亮的书写。,2,）字数要达到最低要求。,3,）结构要完整，脉胳要清晰。,4,）避免低级错误。,1,）扩大阅读量,2,）精读相关范文,3,）掌握常用框架结构,4,）熟记常用套句与过渡连接词,5,）打下坚实的语法基础,6,）勤写多练,二,.,高分技巧,三,.,如何提高写作,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,四考场写作注意事项,1,）应看清楚题目，认真审题，弄清题目的要求和各个段落的主要内容。不要一拿到试题就动笔，结果出现动笔就错的现象。在审题和选材时要选择自己熟悉的、容易写的素材。,2,）在写作中，当不能顺利地用英语表达一个汉语意思时，可以考虑换一个角度来表达，甚至干脆避开。切记不要拿一句自以为优美的汉语硬译成蹩脚的、甚至是错误的英语，用到作文中去。,3,）不能写得太多，言多必失，而且写得多往往容易跑题。,4,）在写完文章后，要认真检查一遍，主要集中在拼写、语法和标点等内容项目。,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,边学边练,以下各例中,a),表示错误的或不宜提倡的句子,b),表示正确的或值得模仿的句子。,1,动词谓语的时态是否有错,例,1 a)We college students,had,enough time to take a part time job,no matter how busy we,were,.,b)We college students have enough time to take a part time job,no matter how busy we,are.,例,2 a)Riding bicycles,had,more advantages than taking a bus.,b)Riding bicycles,has,more advantages than taking a bus.,例,3 a)There are so many countries using English that it,had,been regarded as an international language.,b)There are so many countries using English that it,has,been regarded as an international language.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,2,主语和谓语，名词和代词，以及人称是否保持一致,例,4 a)The eating habit of Chinese people,have,changed in the past decade.,b)The eating habit of Chinese people,has,changed in the past decade.,例,5 a)Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when,it is,in season.,b)Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when,they are,in season.,例,6a)I feel proud to come to,our,university.,b)I feel proud to come to,this,university,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,3,修饰语是否放在正确的位置上,例,7a)Without television,people cant get information which comes from other parts of the world,immediately,.,b,）,Without television,people cant,immediately,get information which comes from other parts of the world.,例,8a),At the age of six,my father began to give me English lessons.,b),When I was six years old,my father began to give me English lessons.,例,9a)To improve ones writing skill.,regular practice,is necessary.,b)To improve ones writing skill,one,must make regular practice.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,4,表示相同的意思，是否用了平行语法结构,例,10a)With the computer,one can do shopping,banking and,read,at home.,b)With the computer,one can do shopping,banking and,reading,at home.,例,11a)Nowadays,people not only eat,enough food,but also eat better.,b)Nowadays,people not only eat,more,but also eat better.,例,12a)Participating in sports is good for our physical health,and through it we can also train,our character,.,b)Participating in sports is good for our physical health,and it is also beneficial to our,character-training,.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,5用代词时，指代是否清楚,例,13a)Sometimes,teachers,will inform,students,of the heavy burden,they,have to bear.,b)Sometimes a,teacher,will inform students of the heavy burden,he,has to bear.,例,14a)Someone believes that the teachers task is to give students knowledge,which may not be,true,.,b)Someone believes that the teachers task is to give students knowledge,a notion which may not be true,.,例,15a)People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials,but,it,often proves useless.,b,）,People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials,but,the effort,often proves useless.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,6,相邻的句子，是否避免了不必要的结构转变,例16a)While,we reduce the number of vehicles,the speed of traffic can be increased.,b)While,the number of vehicles is reduced,the speed of traffic is increased.,例17a),Each of us,may take a part time job to help support ourselves,but if you spend too much time on it,your,study will be affected.,b),Each of us,may take a part time job to help support ourselves,but too much time spent on it,our,studies will be affected.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,7可数名词与不可数名词是否用得正确,例,18a)TV presents us with,many,useful,informations,.,b)TV presents us,with,a lot of,useful,information,.,还有,evidence,advice,knowledge,等都是不可数名词，都不能用复数。另外，,many,a great number of,another,few,等只能与可数名词配用。而,a great amount of,a great deal of,less,much,等应与不可数名词配用。,例,19a)Making our cities greener is not,an easy work,.,b)Making our cities greener is not,an easy job,.,work,用作可数名词是“作品”这类意思，而表示“工作”时，不可数。同样，在,Word has been,sent out that those who cheat on exams will be punished.,这个句子中，要,用单数,word,表示“信息”。,例,20a,）,Each people,has his own opportunities.,b),Each person,has his own opportunities.,CET-4,应试辅导,-,作文篇,第一讲 基本知识,8冠词是否用得正确,例,21a)Book knowledge is important,but we should also learn something in,the,society.,b)Book knowledge is important,but we should also learn something in society.,例,22a)If there were no electric power,we would have to do everything by,the,hands.,b)If there were no electric power,we would have to do everything by hand.,表示用手,(by hand),走路,(on foot),上课,(in class),上学,(go to school),住院,(at hospitable),等，都不