非谓语动词总结.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Nonfinite Verbs,非谓语动词,中考专项练习之非谓语动词,陕西,20102014,中考命题规律与趋势,考纲要求,动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语,2013,单项选择,23.to leave,，,leave,，,go,，,to go,（动词词义分析）,考察点,年份,题型,分值,选项设置及考察形式,非谓语,动词,2012,短文填空,1,1,69.,（在,know begin to do,sth,.,结构中考察非谓语动词原形）,完成句子,2011,2,56.making friends/to make friends,like doing,sth,./to do,sth,.,结构中,考察非谓语动词,70.feel,在,make sb.do,sth,.,中考察非谓语动词,短文填空,1,一、中考重点知识讲解,1,、定义：,我们把在句子中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。,2,、形式,：非谓语动词有三种形式：,不定式、分词,（现在分词和过去分词）、动名词。,3,、,构成：,动词不定式是由,to+,动词原形构成。,动名词是由动词原形,+,ing,构成。,现在分词是由动词原形,+,ing,；,过去动词是由动词原形,+,ed,构成。,动词不定式,动词的,_,ing,形式,过去分词,一般式,主动,to do,doing,动词的过去分词只有一种形式即,done,。及物动词的过去分词常表示被动和完成，而个别动词,(,多数是不及物动词,),只表示完成,被动,to be done,being done,完成式,主动,to have done,having done,被动,to have been done,having been done,进行式,to be doing,完成进行式,to have been doing,非谓语动词的时态和语态形式（以动词,do,为例）：,句子中的功能：,主语,宾语,表语,定语,补语,状语,同位语,不定式,_,ing,形式,过去分词,句子中的功能：,4,、动词不定式在句子中的作用：,1,）动词不定式作主语：,To mast a language,is not an easy thing.,动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用,it,作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。,Its very kind of you,to have given us much help,.,2,）动词不定式作宾语：,I like,to help others,if I can.,3,）动词不定式作宾语补语。,We expect you,to be with us,.,4,）不定式作状语：,We went to the hospital,to see our teacher,.,5,）不定式的否定形式：,not+to+,动词原形,The teacher told us,not to swim,in that river.,中考高频知识点：,1.stop to do,sth,.,和,stop doing,sth,.,“stop to do,sth,.”,停下来（正做之事）去做其它事；,“,stop doing,sth,.”,停止正在做的事情。,例如：,“,Stop talking.Lets begin our class.”said the teacher.,We have kept doing our homework for a long time.Lets stop to listen to music.,2.forgettodo,sth,.,和,forgetdoing,sth,.,“forgettodo,sth,.”,不要忘记做某事（未做的事情）；“,forgetdoing,sth,.”,忘记过去做了的事情（已做）。,例如：,Sorry,I forgot to bring the book.,I forgot borrowing a book from you.,(remembertodo,sth,.,和,rememberdoing,sth,.),记着要做某事；记得做过某事,例如：,Remember to write a letter to my parents.,I remember meeting him in the street.,3.have,sth,.done.,（过去分词）（让别人）做某事,例如：,I,had my hair,cut,yesterday afternoon.,My computer can not work now.I must,have it repaired,.,4.,感官动词后接不带,to,的不定式或者现在分词的区别,例如：,seesb.do,sth,.,看见某人（经常）做某事,seesb.doing,sth,.,看见某人（正在）做某事,Ioftenseehimdoexerciseinthemorning.,WhenIwaswalkinginthepark,Isawhimdrawingapicture,there.,5.,在主动语态中，感官动词,(see,hear,feel,watch,等,),和使役动词,(make,have,let,等,),要求接不带,to,的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上,to,。,例如：,The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.,The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.,She was heard to use strong language.,练习一,1.Nooneenjoys_at.,A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed,2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse_.,A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin,3.Theyinsistedon_anotherchancetotry.,A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven,4.Whereismypassport?Iremember _ithere.,Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Remember_itwithyouallthetime.,A.toput,；,totake B.putting,；,taking,C.putting,；,totake D.toput,；,taking,5.Hisroomneeds_,sohemusthaveit_.,A.painting,；,painted B.painted,；,painting,C.painting,；,painting D.painted,；,painted,6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_withgreatcare.,A.lookingafter B.tolookafter,C.tobelookedafter D.takengoodcareof,Practise,（,C,）,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,C,）,（,A,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,C,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,A,）,7.Apolicemansawtwothieves_agirlsmobilephoneonabusandhe,caughtthematonce.,A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen,8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_.,A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed,9.Shedecidedtodevoteherself_theproblemofoldage.,A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study,10.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_mycar.,A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired,11.Itsnogood_oversplitmilk.,A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry,12.Haveyouforgotten_$1000frommelastmonth?,Willyoupleaseremember_ittomorrow?,A.borrowing;tobring B.toborrow;bring,C.borrowed;bringing D.borrowingbringing,13.Theclassroomwants_.,A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning,14.Jacksaidthathewouldntmind_forus.,A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited,15.Mybrotherkeeps_mewithmywork.,A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped,16.Weshouldoften,practise,_Englishwitheachother.,A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking,17.Keepon_andyouwillsucceed.,A.atryB.tryC.,triing,D.trying,18.Hisparentsinsiston_tocollege.,A.heshouldgoB.hego,C.hisgoingD.himtogo,19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe_.,A.couldnthelplaughB.cantbutlaugh,C.couldnthelplaughingD.couldnthelpbuttolaugh,（,D,）,（,C,）,（,C,）,（,D,）,（,D,）,（,C,）,（,C,）,20.Whatabout_totheconcertwithus?,A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo,21._cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.,A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping,22.Seeingis_.,A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved,23,Thescientistsuggested_theexperimentinadifferentway.,A.doB.todoC.doingD.done,24,Dontforget_thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.,A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning,25,Onlyoneofthesebooksis_.,A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingread,C.worthofreadingD.worthreading,26,Wearebothlookingforwardto_nextweek.,A.goingonvacationB.goonvacation,C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation,（,C,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,A,）,（,D,）,（,A,）,27,Hehadnodifficulty_theproblems.,A.workingoutB.havingworkedout,C.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout,28,Iregretted_thattoher.,A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./,29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.,A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,30.Donthavethemachine_allthetime.Itwillgowrong.,A.torunB.runningC.beenrunD.run,31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasa_meal.,A.satisfyingB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy,32.Lookaroundwhen_thestreet.,A.acrossB.crossingC.crossedD.tobecrossing,33.Inthemorningshefoundherfather_inbed,dead.,A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying,（,A,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,B,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,A,）,34.Isawhim_intoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.,A.goneB.goingC.wentD.togo,35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy_.,A.workB.toworkC.workingD.works,36.Sallyhadnopen_yesterdaymorning.,A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith,37.Itstimeforclass.Stop_,please.,A.totalkB.talkC.talksD.talking,38.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_TV.,A.towatchB.watchingC.towatchingD.watched,39.Listen!Canyouhearthegirl_thepianointhenextroom?,A.toplayB.playC.playingD.plays,40.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout_thedoor.,A.knockB.knockingatC.toknockatD.knockingto,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,B,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,B,）,二、非谓语动词全面总结,（一）后面可跟动词的,ing,形式的情况,1.,动词：,finishdoing,sth,.,完成某事；,enjoydoing,sth,.,喜欢做某事；,practicedoing,sth,.,练习做某事；,imaginedoing,想象做某事；,avoiddoing,sth,.,避免做某事；,considerdoing,sth,.,考虑做某事；,suggestdoing,sth,.,建议做某事,minddoing,sth,.,介意做某事；,keepdoing,sth,.,持续做某事,2.,固定短语：,feellikedoing,sth,.,喜欢做某事；,bebusydoing,sth,.,忙于做某事；,beworthdoing,值得做某事；,spendtime(in)doing,sth,.,花费时间（金钱）做某事；,havedifficult/troubleindoing,sth,做某事有困难；,havefundoing.,做某事高兴,3.,介词后,(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by,等,),如：,begoodatdoing,sth,.,；,thankyoufordoing,sth,.,；,giveupdoing,sth,.,；,stopsb.fromdoing,sth,.,；,dowellindoing,sth,.,；,beafraidofdoing,sth,.,；,beinterestedindoing,sth,.,；,beproudof,；,insteadof,；,befondof,4.to,作介词的情况,lookforwardtodoing,sth,期望做某事；,preferdoing,sth,.todoing,sth,与相比较更喜欢；,payattentiontodoing,注意做某事；,be/getusedtodoing,sth,.,习惯于做某事；,makeacontributionto,为 做贡献,（二）后面可跟不定式的动词,1,.,动词：,agreetodo,同意去做；,affordtodo,买得起；,decidetodo,决定去做某事；,hope todo,希望去做；,wishtodo,希望去做；,failtodo,做某事失败去；,plantodo,打算去做；,pretendtodo,假装去做；,refusetodo,拒绝去做；,wouldliketodo,想要去做；,wanttodo,想要去做某事；,learntodo,学做；,prefertodo,sth,.,喜欢（爱）做某事；,sb.seemtodo,sth,好像做某事；,want/wouldliketodo,sth,.,想做；,usedtodo,sth,.,过去常做某事,2.,句型,.,allowsb.todo,sth,.,允许某人去做某事,askedsb.(not)todo,sth,.,要求某人做事某事,tellsb.(not)todo,sth,.,告诉某人去（不要）做某事,followsb.todo,sth,.,跟随某人去做某事,warnsb.(not)todo,sth,.,警告某人做某事,beamazedtodo,sth,.,对做某事感到惊讶,beafraidtodo,sth,.,害怕做某事,beexcitedtodo,sth,.,对做 感到兴奋,befrightenedtodo,sth,.,害怕去做某事,beglad/happytodo,sth,.,高兴去做某事,be/getreadytodo,sth,.,准备做某事,besorrytodo,sth,.,对做某事感到抱歉,besurprisedtodo,sth,.,对做某事感到惊奇,cantwaittodo,sth,.,迫不急待地去做某事,get/haveachancetodo,sth,.,得到一个做某事的机会,Its+,adj+(for,sb.)todo,sth,.,做某事（对某人来说）怎么样,Its+adj.+(ofsb.)todo,sth,.,Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodo,sth,.,花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）,Itsbestforsb.todo,sth,.,对某人来说做某事是最好的,Itstimeforsb.todo,sth,.,是某人做某事的时候了,too,。,(forsb.)to,太 以致不能,prefertodo,sth,.,ratherthando,sth,.,宁愿 而不愿（常考）,somethingtoeat/drink,一些吃,/,喝的东西,taketurnstodo,sth,.,轮流做,Thereisnotime(forsb.)todo,sth,.,对（某人来说）没时间做某事了,Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todo,sth,.,对某人来说没必要做某事,try/doonesbesttodo,sth,.,尽力去做某事,（三）、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：,1,、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词,有些动词接,doing,和,todo,意义相近像,like(,喜欢,),，,love(,喜欢,)hate(,憎恨,),，,prefer(,宁可,),，,begin(,开始,),，,start(,开始,),，,continue(,继续,),。,等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：,如：,liketodo,表示想要做某一具体的动作,likedong,表示一般或抽象的多次动作,2,、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：,remembertodo(,记住去做,)rememberdoing(,记得做过,),forgettodo(,忘记去做,)forgetdoing(,忘记做过,),trytodo(,设法做,)trydoing(,试着做,),goontodo(,接着做另一事,)goondoing(,继续做同一事,),stoptodo(,停下来去做,)stopdoing(,停止做,),canthelptodo(,不能帮助做,)canthelpdoing(,情不自禁做,（四）、后跟不带,to,的不定式（动词原形）的情况,：,1,在感官动词和使役动词后,feel,，,hear,，,listento,，,watch,，,lookat,，,see,，,notice,，,make,，,let,，,have,等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号,to,。,注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号,to,应加上。,在动词,help,后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带,to,，也可不带,to,。,2.,助动词或情态动词后：,do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must,等后面接不带,to,的动词不定式。,3.,某些固定句型中,1,）,Will,（,Would,）,youplease,（,not,）？请（不要）做某事好吗？,2,）,hadbetter,最好做某事,3,）,Whynot,？为何不做某事,4)would,rather(not,).,宁可,(,不,),；宁愿,(,不,),此句型也可扩展成：,wouldrather.than,5,）在祈使语气,(,或口语,),中。,（五）既可跟动词原形又可跟动词,ing,形式的情况：,see,watch,hear,等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。,see/watchsb.do,sth,.,看到某人做过,(,经常做）某事,see/watchsb.doing,sth,.,看到某人正在做某事,hearsb.do,sth,.,听到某人做过（经常做）某事,hearsb.doing,sth,.,听到某人正在做某事,A.,从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。,1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.,A.tohaverestedB.resting,C.torestD.rest,2.Doyouknowtheboy_underthebigtree?,A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying,3.Youdbetter_yourbike_atonce.ItisMondaytomorrow,you,know.,A.tohave,mendB.have,mended,C.have,tomendD.tohave,mended,practise,（,C,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,4.-Look!Thelightsintheclassroomarestillon.,-Oh,Iforgot_.,A.turningthemoffB.turnthemoff,C.toturnthemoffD.havingturnedthemoff,5.“Cantyouread?”theofficersaid_tothenotice.,A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily,C.angrilypointed D.pointangrily,6.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.,A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened,7.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman_afterdrinking.,A.nevertodriveB.toneverdrive,C.neverdrivingD.neverdrive,8.-Whatsthelanguage_inNewZealand?,-English.,A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak,9.Hedidntfeellike_outforawalk,becausehehadcaughtacold.,A.togoB.goesC.goneD.going,10.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.,A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning,（,C,）,（,A,）,（,D,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,11.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.,A.toliveinB.tobelivedin,C.toliveD.forlivingin,12.Aclockismadefor_usthetime.,A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tells,13.Youdbetter_athomeallthetime.Itsbadforyourhealth.,A.dontstayB.notostay,C.notstayD.notstaying,14.Thestudentsarebusy_readyfortheexamnow.,A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget,15.Themotheraskedtheboy_downtheladder,buthewenton_instead.,A.come;climbingB.tocome;toclimb,C.tocome;climbingD.coming;climbing,16.Isthereanytime_tothemuseum?,A.goingB.togoC.goesD.gone,17.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows_thewind,from_thepapersaway.,A.tostop;blowingB.stopping;blowing,C.tostop;blowD.stopped;blow,18.Abirdwasseen_intotheclassroomyesterday.,A.flewB.toflyC.flyD.wasflying,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,A,）,（,C,）,（,B,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,19.Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan_water.,A.forsavingB.tosaveC.saveD.saved,20.Therearemanypeople_tobuycarsinthemodernworld.,A.wantB.wantedC.wantingD.towant,21.-Imtoobusy_tomyfamily.,-Whynotcalltheminstead?,A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.write,22.Thelittleboywokeuphisfather,_“HappyBirthday!”,A.callB.tocallC.calledD.calling,23.Thecar_inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.,A.producedB.producing,C.toproduceD.whichproduced,24.-Whatareonshowinthemuseum?,-Somepictures_bytheAfricans.,A.drawingB.drawnC.drewD.weredrawn,25.Thesickmanstayedinbed,_veryterrible.,A.feltB.feelingC.isfeelingD.wasfeeling,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,B,）,（,D,）,（,A,）,（,B,）,（,B,）,26.-Theboywasseen_hisbikeamomentago.,-Iamsorrytohearthat.,A.felloffB.tofalloff,C.falloffD.tofalldown,27.ThereresomanybeautifulpresentsintheshopthatIdontknow_.,A.tochoosewhichoneB.whatchoose,C.whichonetochooseD.tochoosewhat,28.-Howbad!Theystillhavenoideashow_theproblem.,-Letsgotohelpthem.,A.solvingB.solvedC.tosolveD.solves,29.Whatisthebestwaydoyouthink_thewildanimals?,A.protectingB.toprotecting,C.protectedD.toprotect,30.-Youdbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_.Itstoodirty.,-Thanks.Iwill.,A.towashB.washedC.washingD.wash,31.-Thelittleboywasmade_Englishforanotherhour.,-Poorboy!,A.readB.readingC.readsD.toread,32.Ithinkitis kind_.,A.ofhimtohelpmeB.forhimtohelp,C.thathehelpme D.ofhimhelpingme,（,B,）,（,C,）,（,C,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,（,D,）,（,A,）,33.Itstoohottoday.Whynot_yourcoat?,A.takeonB.totakeoff,C.takeoffD.takingoff,34.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.,A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose,35.Hemadeit_for,people_the,computersbyinventingnewsoftware.,A.easy,useB.easy,using,C.easily,touseD.easier,touse,36.Alloftheplansareverygood.Ireallydontknow_.,A.whichtotalk B.whichtotalkabout,C.totalkaboutwhichD.Iaskedyouforhelp,37.Wouldyouplease_anynoise?Thebabyhasjustfallenasleep.,A.makeB.tomakeC.nottomakeD.notmake,38.-Wouldyoupleasetry_lateagain?,-Sorry,Iwontbelateagain.,A.nottobeB.tobenot,C.notbeD.be,39.Thewords_with“L”arenteasilyforgotten.,A.startingB.started,C.tostartD.whosestarting,40.Haveyougotanything_?,A.toopentheboxB.openingtheboxwith,C.openingtheboxD.toopentheboxwith,（,C,）,（,D,）,（,D,）,（,B,）,（,D,）,（,A,）,（,A,）,（,D,）,陕西三年中考中的非谓语动词,1,、（,2012,）,As time went by people all over the world began_,（,know,）,about Bethany and her story.,2,、（,2013,副题）,_ our dream,，,we need to be creative and hard-working.,A,、,To achieve B,、,Achieve C,、,To give up D,、,Give up,3,、（,2013,）,Mary called and asked her husband_ home at once,，,because she locked their daughter in the house.,A,、,to leave B,、,leave C,、,go D,、,to go,4,、（,2012,）每天读书是个好习惯。,Its a good habit to _ everyday.,5,、（,2013,完形填空）,One day Jenny went to _ an orphanage.,A,、,show B,、,visit C,、,build D,、,improve,6,、（,2013,副题）节约时间就是延长生命。,To_ is to live longer.,7,、,Its easy for you to _ English.,to know,（,A,）,（,D,）,do some reading,（,B,）,learn,