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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,1.,Adverbial Clause of Purpose,1.She does at least twenty minutes of exercise every day,so that,_.,she,can/may,keep fit,_ keep fit.,so as to/in order to,I _ every day,in order that,I can _.,so that,in order that+clause with modal verbs,for fear that,lest,in case+sb.,in order(not)to do,so as(not)to do,_ I forget,please remind me about it.,In case,2.,Adverbial Clause of Concession,虽然，尽管,although though while as,即使，尽管e,ven if/though,Although,they are poor,they are generous.,=Though/While,while,解释为“尽管”，必须放句首,.,when“尽管”、“虽然”,必须放句中,They are generous _ they are poor.,although/though,although,though,都可与,yet,still,nevertheless,连用，但不能和,but,连用。,Though,it was raining hard,yet,they went on playing football.,though,可做副词，句末。可是，然而,Even if/though I were busy,I would go.,即使忙，我也要去。（虚拟语气）,Even if it is raining,we will go there.,He stopped trying,when he might have succeeded next time.,尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。,as,、,though,1.Although he was a child,he had to earn his living.,Child as/though he was,he,2.Though he was youngest,he had to support his family.,Youngest as/though he was,he,3.Much as/though he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.,4.Though he might try,he didnt manage it.,Try as/though he might,he,单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词。,wh-ever=no matter wh-,whoever whichever whatever whenever wherever however,nomatter who no matterwhich no matter what,no matter when no matter where no matter how,whoever(No matter who),you are,you must obey the law.,whatever(No matter what),happens,we sholl never lose hope.,Come and see me,whenever,you want to,However,cold it is,she often goes swimming.,Wherever,you work,you must always do your best.,whether.or.,无论我们是输是赢，我们都要尽全力。,Q:Can you tell me whether it,will,rain or not tomorrow?,Whether we win or lose,we should do our best.,主将从现,时间、条件、让步和,the more.the more,状语从句,phrases:despite,in spite of,despite/in spite of the fact that.,since/ever since自以来一直到现在,1.Mike _(study)very hard,since,he _(come)to our school.,1）have(has)done/have(has)been doing+since-过去时.,2）It is/has been+时间段+since-did.,J.K.Rowlings first book was a great success and she has been famous as a writer,ever since,.,It is/has been,almost five years,since,we saw each other last time.,3.,Adverbial Clause of,time,has been studying,came,3.It _ a long time since I _(meet)you last.,It is three years since I smoked/since I stopped smoking.,It is three years since I began to smoke.,is/has been,met,since从句中的谓语动词如果是短暂性的，表“自从做以来到现在”；,如果是延续性的，则表“不做以来到现在”。,1.Everything seemed interesting to me for the first time I arrived here.,=Everything seemed interesting to me,the first time,I arrived here.,Everything seemed interesting to me,when,I arrived here,for the first,time.,the first/last time,2.Every/Each time when I saw her,she was playing the piano.,3.By the time he is forty,he _(be)a professor.,will have been,every/each/next/any time,by now+,现在完成时,by+,过去的时间，主句主语,+,过去完成时,.,by+,将来的时间，主句主语,+,将来完成时,once,4.Once you begin,you must go on.,含有条件意味,By the time he came back,his son _(grow)up.,had grown,1)主句：will have done+by the time-一般现在时,2,),主句：have/has done+by the time-一般现在时,3,),主句：had done+by the time-一般过去时,before,还未,.,就,.,不到,.,就,.;.,才,.;,还没来得及,.,就,.,after,在,.,之后,We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.,We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,It was/will be+,时间段,+before-,时间状语从句“一段时间之后,”,2,）,It will not be long before-,时间状语从句（一般现在时）“不久之后,.”,填空,:,1)It,will not be long before they_(understand)each other.,2)It _(be)3 hours before he comes back.,when while as,when既指时间点也指时间段，其引导的从句中谓语既可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。,while表时间段，所引导的从句的谓语动词常是延续性的。,as表“一边一边,主从句的动作由同一个人（动作执行者）同时发出,但在表“在期间”时，相当于when/while,可互换。,填空：,1）_ he returned,his wife was cooking.,2)He visited a lot of places_,_,he was traveling.,3)He smiled _ he stood up.,4)_,_,he was reading,he was listening to the radio.,5,）,_ time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.,6)He hurried home,looking behind _ he went.,When,while/when/as,when,while/when,As,as,when,和,while,都可以作并列连词，连接两个并列句，放两个并列句之间，此时，,when,表“这时，那时”，常用句型：,was about to do/was on the point of doing when sb.did.,“正要做,这时,”,was doing.when sb.did.,had done.when sb.did.,while,表“而，可是”，表前后两种情况的对比。,特殊用法,1.,(1)I was about to go out _ the telephone rang.,(2)We were swimming in the lake _ the storm started.,句型：,Hardly/scarcely+had,主语,+done,+,when sb.did.,No,sooner,+,had,+,主语,+done+than sb.did.,“一,就,”,特殊用法,2.,Hardly had I got home,than,it began to rain.,No sooner had I arrived at the station_the train left.,than,when,“一,就,”的连词：,as soon as,directly,instantly,immediately,the moment,the minute,the instant.,(1)“Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?”“Yes,I gave it to her,_ I saw her.”,A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.until,(2)The doorkeeper gave the alarm _ he saw the smoke.,A.while B.the instant C.suddenly D.before,(3)I raised the alarm _ I saw the smoke.,A.while B.,when,C.,instantly,D.since,.till/until,“直到”，表主句的动作一直持续到,till/until,引导的时间才结束，为延续性动词。,till,不可置于句首。,until,可以。,not,till/until,“直到,才,”，表主句的动作直到,till/until,引导的时间才开始，为非延续性动词。,I will stay here until you come back.,I wont leave here until you come back.,Not until,you come back,will I,will leave here.,It was,not until you come back,that,I will,leave here,4.,Adverbial Clause of Place,我在我出生在孩的地方长大。,要求家长把药品放子不容易拿到的地方。,无论他走到哪里，都不会忘记老师曾给予他的帮助,I grew up,where I was born.,Parents are required to put the medicine,where children cannot easily reach.,Wherever he goes,he wont forget the help given by his teacher.,where wherever everywhere,5.,Adverbial Clause of Result,so that so.that such.that,It was a difficult problem _,因此没人能解答,It was so_that_,It was such _ that _,cf.It was,such,a difficult problem,as,no one worked out.,so that no one worked it out,difficult a problem,a difficult problem,_+(adj)U/,可数名词,pl/a(an)+,单数名词,.that.,such+a lot of/lots of+,名词,+that,从句,_+many/much/few/little+,名词,/adj/adv that.,so adj./adv+that,从句,no one worked it out,no one worked it out,such,so,Compare Adverbial Clause of Result&Purpose,She got up early so that she could/might catch the first bus.,She got up early,，,so that she,caught,the first bus.,So clever a boy was he,that he was able to work out all the questions.,=,Such a cever boy was he.,倒装so或such置于句首时句子用部分倒装，即，,so+adj./adv.+部分倒装+that-陈述句,so+adj.+a(n)+s.n+部分倒装+that-陈述句,such+a(n)+adj.+s.n+部分倒装+that-陈述句,such+adj.+un/pl.n+部分倒装+that-陈述句,He was,so,clever a boy,as to,be able to work out all the difficult questions.,省略：,so/such.as to do/be.,tooto,enoughto,可以引导结果状语与,sothat,替换，,sothat,结构可以用,tooto,替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有,can,（,could,）,not.,She is so young that she cant go to school.,She is too young to go to school.,She isnt old enough to go to school.,6.,Adverbial Clause of Reason,since(,主句前）,as for because,_ he is busy,I wont trouble him.,It rained last night,_ the ground is wet.,It is _ the public are paying greater attention to health that food safety authorities are finding better ways to identify“gutter oil”.,Given,（,give,）,that he was comparatively well off and an important member of the community,no one could understand why he was so mean.,可没有人能理解，像他这样一个比较富裕又是社区举足轻重的人物，怎么会如此小气。,because-原因状语从句；because of+n./pron./doing/宾语从句（conj.-clause）,now that in that,when,，,seeing that,considering that,given that,考虑到，鉴于,7.,Adverbial Clause of Condition,if unless,on condition that as/so long as,引导状语从句的连词：,if/suppose(that)/supposing(that)/provided(that)/providing(that)/on condition that(,如果，假如,),；,unless(,除非,),；,so(as)long as(,只要,),；,in case(,万一,),；,once(,一旦,),；,if only(,要是,就好了,),；,only if(,只要,),；,1）only if-clause“只要”，引导陈述语气的真实条件句。,if only“但愿,要是,就好了”，引导虚拟语气的条件句，其谓语动词在原有直陈语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态。,Only if,you study hard,can you improve,youself quickly.,only if,放于句首时，主句要倒装,2,）,unless=if,not,_our manager objects to Toms joining the clu,。,b,we shall accept him as a member.,unless,8.,Adverbial Clause of Manner,When in Roman,do _ Romans do.,The old man runs very fast _ he,were,a young man.,It looks _ it,is,going to rain.,Leave the table as it is.,（,just)as as if/though,方式状语从句置于主句之后,as,as if,as if,9.,Adverbial Clause of Comparison,I know you better _ he does.,The work is not _ easy _ you think.,than,not so/as.as as.as,2.,if,和,unless,的用法区别,if,表示正面的条件，意为“如果”，,unless,表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。例如：,If youve got exams tomorrow,why arent you studying,？如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？,The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.,运动会明天将要开始，除非下雨。,【小叮咛】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。,使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题,1.,在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：,Well go outing if it doesn,rain tomorrow.,如果明天不下雨，我将出去。,Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.,我一到上海就给你写信。,2.,有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是,it,），从句的谓语又包含动词,be,，就可省略从句中的,“,主语,+be”,部分。例如：,When(he was)still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night.,他只有十岁的时候，就不得不日夜工作。,If(you are)asked,you may come in.,如果你被叫着，你就可以进来。,If(it is)necessary Ill explain to you again.,如果有必要，我会再向你解释一遍。,3.,注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以,where,为例，能引导多种从句。例如：,You are to find it,where you left it,.,Tell me the address,where he lives,.,I dont know,where he came from,.,Where he has gone,is not known yet.,This place is,where they once hid,.,（地点状语从句）,（定语从句，句中有先行词）,（宾语从句）,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,
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