完形填空PPT.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020,年全国卷,2019,年全国卷,I,II,III,I,II,III,体裁,夹叙夹议,记叙文,记叙文,记叙文,夹叙夹议,记叙文,主题,人与自我：正确的人生态度,人与社会：两幅名画,人与社会：良好的人际关系与社会交往,人与自然：环境治理,人与自然：人与动物,人与自然：环境改善,语篇结构,Para 1:What,Para 2&3:How,Para 4:Why,Para 1:What,Para 2:How,Para 3:Why,Para 1:What,Para 2:How,Para 3:Why,Para 1:What,Para 2-4:How,Para 5:Why,Para 1:What,Para 2-4:How,Para 5:Why,Para1&2:What,Para 3:How,Para 4&5:Why,考点,基础,知识,12,小题,(42,-47,、,51,、,53-55,、,57,、,59),8,小题,(43,、,45-47,、,51,、,55,、,57,、,58),6,小题,(42,、,43,、,46,、,52,、,58,、,59),13,小题,(41,、,42,、,45,、,49-52,、,54,、,56-60),5,小题,(43,、,46,、,55,、,59,、,60),6,小题,(41,、,43,、,45,、,47,、,48,、,53),逻辑性,思维,7,小题,(41,、,48,、,50,、,52,、,56,、,58,、,60),10,小题,(41,、,42,、,44,、,48-50,、,53,、,54,、,56,、,60),13,小题,(41,、,44,、,45,、,47-51,、,53,、,54,、,56,、,57,、,60),6,小题,(43,、,44,、,46-48,、,55),14,小题,(41,、,42,、,44,、,45,、,47-50,、,52-54,、,56-58),13,小题,(42,、,44,、,46,、,49,、,50,、,52,、,54-60),批判性思维,1,小题,(53),1,小题,(51),1,小题,(51),1,小题,(49),2,小题,(52,、,59),1,小题,(55),试卷,分析,误区,1,对单词意思把握过关，但忽略小语境的逻辑通顺或意义通顺,误区,2,不认识单词，侥幸选择或找一个意思差不多的选项自圆其说,误区,3,对常见常考的近义词无法精准辨析,误区,4,对单词的应用缺乏语义场意识,误区,5,对形近词汇无法精准区分,误区,6,受中文思维的影响,误区,7,对词性特征和功能方面的知识掌握不牢固,误区1：对单词意思把握过关，但忽略小语境的逻辑通顺或意义通顺。,（2019全国,I,第3空）The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,changing the,of Kilimanjaro.,A.position(强干扰项)C.face(正确选项),解析不少学生选A.position，译为“地位”，翻译过来倒也可以，但结合该题前一句来理解就不难发现，两句话之间缺乏逻辑关系。The glaciers are disappearing指的不是该山脉的地位，而是该山的外观特征或地貌，故而选C.face。,结论完形填空考查考生单词或词块在语境中的得体应用，要求考生能结合前后句意思做出选择。,误区2：不认识单词，侥幸选择或找一个意思差不多的选项自圆其说。,（2019全国I 第4空）Hearing these stories,I,m,about the placeother destinations are described as,“,pure,”,natural experiences.,B.skeptical(正确选项)C.serious(强干扰项),解析不少学生选C，并将整个句子译为“听到了这些说法，我感觉这个地方很严重”。事实上，若按上述中文，英文应该表达为：I feel that the situation in the pace is serious.,结论完形填空要求考生能精准地把握常见高频词汇的含义；要求考生有扎实的语法基本功帮助其读懂文本字面意思以支撑考生达到深度解读文本的阅读能力。,误区3：对常见常考的近义词无法精准辨析。,（2019 全国I 第18空）Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.,you climb into an arcti,-,like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.,C.Consequent,ly,(强干扰项)D.Finally(正确选项,),解析不少学生选C,，,实际上，consequently在语用中多半指的是,“恶果”,。作者在这里用的,“结果”,，仅是按顺序描写从山脚到山顶的植被及气候的变化，这里的结果用finally更合适。,结论研究近3年高考真题，我们不难发现,，,命题专家在完形填空这个题型的命题过程中所遴选的词汇并不是3500个必考词汇中难认、难写的那些词，而基本都是对同学们来说极为常见却又很难精准把握的词汇。,今天，,小编,就把这些词汇拎出来供大家分享、熟读、记忆,。,the weather changes,the weather clears,v.,天气有变化,v.,天气变晴/放晴,eventually/finally,consequently,ad,v,.,结果(中性词),ad,v,.,结果(贬义词,多指恶果),urge,demand,v.,强烈要求;敦促,v.,需求;要求,instead,however,ad,v,.,代替;而不是(两个并列事物之间的替代),ad,v,.,但是;然而(一件事情的反向转折),walk,tour,travel,voyage,trip,journey,n.,用脚走路,n.,巡回旅游;巡回演唱会(强调一来一回完成一个循环),n.,从A地到B地;旅游(总称,更多是表示概念),n.,航空/航海旅行,n.,短途旅游,n.,长途陆路旅行,quiet,calm,still,a,dj,.,文静的;不爱说话的,a,dj,.,(危急关头)镇定自若的,a,dj,.,(身体)保持不动的,advice,suggestion,recommendation,n.,(专业人士所提的)建议,n.,(普通的、一般性的)建议,n.,推荐,still,just,ad,v,.,依然;仍然(表示与以前相比没有变化),ad,v,.,正是;恰好是(表示与所想或所意料的一致),offer,share,v,.,提供(给别人，自己不用),v,.,共享(自己和别人共同享用),experience,adventure,n.,(发生过的、对自己有影响的)经历,n.,(新奇的、刺激的)冒险般的经历,disabled,abandoned,a,dj,.,(机械、车辆等)出故障的;(人、动物等)残疾的,a,dj,.,(无故障、但被人)遗弃的/丢弃的,cover 64,000 miles,wander,v.,走过,路程,v.,闲逛;漫游,argument,debate,conversation,negotiation,n.,争执;争论,n.,(正反两方就某观点)辩论,n.,谈话;说话,n.,(双方或多方就某事)协商;谈判,content,detail,n.,(容器、包裹等)里面所装的东西,n.,(文章、故事、说话等)细节;详情,ability/capacity,power,strength,energy,n.,能力,n.,权利;(水、电、核等的)能,n.,力气;长处,n.,精力,offer,distribute,v.,提供,v.,分发;分配;散布,site,situation,condition,n.,地点;场所,n.,(人或组织所处的)境况;境地,n.,(学习、工作、生活等)条件,crisis,danger,n.,(人或组织所处的)危机,n.,(人身、财产等所面临的)危险,move,remove,v,.,搬家;移动;使感动,v,.,消除掉;去掉,shocked,scared,thrilled,adj,.,(对意外的事,尤其是不好的事)感到震惊的,adj,.,感到害怕的,a,dj,.,非常激动的;非常高兴的,sink into the water,dive into the water,fall into the water,沉入水中,跳入/潜入水中,跌进水中,Something happened to me.,Something occurred to/struck/hit me.,某事发生在我身上。,我猛然想起某事。,relief,blessing,n.,(担心、不快等之后的)解脱;宽慰;放心,n.,幸事;好事,remind,inform,v,.,提醒;重提(对方知道的事),v,.,告知;通知(对方尚不知道的事),name,brand,n.,名字;姓名,n.,品牌;产品名,assessment,comment,instruction,upd,a,te,n,.,评估,n,.,评论,n.,指导;要求;说明(书),n.,最新消息;最近情况,in person,by oneself,亲自,靠自己;独立地,annoy,discourage,v,.,使生气;使恼火,v.,劝阻;使灰心,arrange,plan,v.,预先准备,;,预先安排,v.,详细规划,;,具体布局,surprising,frightening,adj,.,惊人的;出人意料的,adj,.,吓人的;令人害怕的,budget,allowance,bonus,n.,预支;支出,n.,津贴;零花钱,n.,奖金;红利;(没有想到的)好事,yet,however,indeed,adv.,但是,;,然而,(,后面无标点符号,直接跟句子,/,词语,),adv.,但是,;,然而,(,后面须跟逗号,语气更强,),adv.,实际上,;,相反地,(,后面须跟逗号,),push,pull,drag,lift,v,.,推;按;压,v.,拉;拉伤,v.,(使劲而吃力,地,)拖;拽,v.,(垂直向上)抬起;升起,lecture,speech,discussion,n.,讲座;讲课,n.,演讲;演说,n.,讨论;探讨,rather,yet,ad,v,.,相反地,adv,.,然而;但是,precious,expensive,adj,.,(基于价值层面)珍贵的,adj,.,(基于价格层面)价格高的;贵的,obvious,transparent,a,dj,.,明显的(作表语或定语均可),a,dj,.,透明的;清澈的;清楚易懂的;明显的(只作表语),tool,way,method,approach,strategy,n.,(有形的)工具,n.,(广义的、不具体的)方法,n.,(常用的、惯用的)方法,n.,(精心、用心的)方法,n.,(为对付耗时、艰难工作而精心布局的)策略,ask,question,enquire/inquire,v.,(普通用语)问;提问,v.,质问,v.,打听,require,request,v.,(客观上)需要;(法律、规章等条文)规定;要求,v.,(正式地或礼貌地)请求;要求;申请,误区4：对单词的应用缺乏语义场意识。语义场强调的是一个词跟其他词在语义上存在着密切的联系，如同个词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词、同功用词汇等。,（2017全国I 第1空）While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this,process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better.,A.searching(正确选项)C.natural(强干扰项),解析有学生选C.natural，译为“我本人就在大学经历了这个自然阶段”，翻译没什么问题，但结合前句的explore及exploration不难发现，本题选searching,“,搜寻、寻求,”,逻辑关系更强。search与explore属于同义词，选A。,结论完形填空考查考生联系上下文，能识别出两个或多个形成语义场的词汇，保持前后文逻辑链条的完整的能力。,误区5：对形近词汇无法精准区分。,（2016全国III 第10空）One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller,going over a fence.,A.stuck(正确选项)C.tired(强干扰项),解析不少学生选C，因为将其误当作“tried(试图或努力)”，进而把整句译为“我看见Miller试图或努力翻过围墙”。,结论建议老师、同学们平时把像amaze/amuse,hard/hardly,fall/fell/felt,rise/raise 等长得很像的词汇集中做笔记，对照记忆。,误区6：受中文思维的影响。,（2015全国I 第10空）We were low on cash ourselves,but.well,sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is,what we need to do!,C.still(强干扰项)D.just(正确选项),解析still意为“仍然；依然(表示保持原状)”，just意为“正好是；恰恰是；仅仅”。本来难度不大，可是不少学生选C，把句子译为“我们仍然要从我们的多余物品中给出一些”。,结论中文式表达不仅在完形填空中干扰我们做题，在写作上也影响极大。做英文题时一定要养成用英语思维来解读文本、表达思想的习惯。,误区7：对词性特征和功能方面的知识掌握不牢固。,（1）介词,（2019江苏 第,10,空）She refused to live with male cranes,and even had a,for killing some of them,which made it impossible for her to become a mother.,A.gift(强干扰项)B.skill(强干扰项)D.reputation(正确选项),解析本题考查动词短语搭配介词的情况。其中A项have a gift for意为“在,方面有天赋”，意思不符合上下文；B项skill的相关短语为have a skill in(doing)sth.，介词搭配错误；D项have a reputation for doing sth.(以,而出名)，在含义和介词搭配上均是最佳选项。,（2）连词,（2019江苏 第12空）With their patience and efforts,they successfully developed a,of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.,A.combination(正确选项)C.strategy(强干扰项),解析选择C项的考生没有兼顾到句子所含的连词and。其中 A项combination意为“两者结合”，贴合文意，在语用上有短语combine A and/with B，是最佳选项。,（3）副词,（2016全国II 第3空）Everything about you came through this device,sometimes from hundreds of miles away.,they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.,B.Yet(正确选项)D.Indeed(强干扰项),解析选择D项(其实/相反地，后面应接逗号)，从意义到语用角度均不妥当。而Yet意为“然而；但是”，后面不需要接标点符号。,（4）名词,（2016全国II 第20空）Rani,s friendlinessher warm smile,her nods,her,“,I,m here for you,”,were all silent signals that didn,t travel through wires.,A.explanation(强干扰项)D.attitude(正确选项),解析空白处被形容词性物主代词her修饰，译为“她的,我在这儿帮你,的态度”。选择A项的同学牵强地把句子译为“我在这儿为你解释”，既不符合语法(正确翻译近于I,m here to explain to you.)，也不符合语境。前文提到的,“,她的温暖的微笑、点头,”,等都属于对待作者的态度(attitude)，而非解释。,（5）代词,（2018 浙江 第8空）I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a,.Once that happened,I just keep pushing my studying further and further back in my day.,A.burden(强干扰项)C.habit(正确选项),解析结合后一句的“我对待学习一推再推”以及把代词that代换成A和C进行比较翻译，我们可以确定选C最为合适。,命题套路,1,放在选项位置直接考核,命题套路,2,放在非选项位置间接考核,命题套路1：放在选项位置直接考核。,（2018全国I 第1空）During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a,“,free,”,course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I,the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesn,t want to save a few dollars.,A.put forward B.jumped at(正确选项)C.tried out D.turned down,解析该题考查动词短语，B项意为“欣然接受”，符合题意。,命题套路2：放在非选项位置间接考核。,（2016全国III 第16空）Thank you for filling in for,.,A.us B.yourself C.me(正确选项)D.them,解析该题考查代词，选项看起来十分简单，但实际上考查短语fill in for(替补；暂时替代)。,结论近十年高考完形填空题频繁出现这些中高等难度的常用短语，它们也会在今后高考中重复出现。建议收集汇编，熟,读,记忆。,命题套路,1,放在选项位置直接考核,命题套路,2,放在非选项位置间接考核,命题套路1：放在选项位置直接考核。,（2016全国III 第14空）But even that challenge he accepted.I helped him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally,on the other side,he said to me,“,You know,I didn,t tell you this during the season,but you did fine.,”,A.dropped(强干扰项)D.safe(正确选项),解析很多考生选A，译作“最终在围墙的另一侧落下,”,。,首先，drop 这个词表示的是无意中掉下去，属于自由落体，而这里双方都是有意翻围墙的，所以用dropped不符合语境。此外，该题前面有单词were，与drop也不匹配，因为drop无被动用法。,命题套路2：放在非选项位置间接考核。,（2017全国I 第14空）The following term,I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead,if there had been any talking,it would have,_,us to learn less.,A.required B.caused(正确选项)C.allowed D.expected,解析不少考生受虚拟语气干扰，答案选择较为分散。,结论 高考完形填空题对考生语法掌握程度要求很高，考生须过语法关。,（,1,）对一句话的逻辑进行考核。,（2017全国III,第8空）,I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to,a lot of joy.,C.,experience(正确选项),D.provide(强干扰项),解析有些考生选择了D项，大概译为“我想看到这张票物有所值，给人提供(provide)欢乐,”,。但是，我们细心观察就会发现选项的逻辑主语是someone，故而本题逻辑谓语最好搭配“体验(experience)”。,命题套路,1,考查对转折连词以及表达转折含义的副词或短语的敏感度，如but/yet/however/while/though/although/as，unfortunately/unluckily/actually/in fact/as a matter of fact,命题套路,2,考查对文本情节的梳理能力,命题套路,3,考查对文本含义的归纳能力,命题套路,4,考查对文章框架结构或文章层次的把握能力,（,2,）,对几个句子之间的逻辑进行考核,命题套路1：考查对转折连词以及表达转折含义的副词或短语的敏感度，如but/yet/however/while/though/although/as，unfortunately/unluckily/actually/in fact/as a matter of fact。,（2019全国III 第4空）,“,We see the sky is blue,but down in the valley it,s darkerit,s like on a,day.,”,A.cloudy(正确选项)B.normal C.different(强干扰项)D.warm,解析该题从意思上看，选C也通顺。但当我们认真分析句子中的but所表达的逻辑关系时，就知道选A.cloudy更合乎逻辑。,命题套路2：考查对文本情节的梳理能力。,（2018全国III 第5空）On March 19,Dennis got a group of text informing him that a couple he didn,t know were at hospital.Waiting for the,of a baby.,“,Congratulations!But I think someone was mistaken,”,Dennis responded.The baby was born and.,A.wake-up B.recovery(强干扰项)C.growth D.arrival(正确选项),解析部分考生因为选项前一句的hospital，便想当然地认为孩子生病了，故而选择了,B,项。然而，当我们细心分析文章脉络发展时，不难发现，这对夫妇在医院是迎接新生命的到来。故而选D.arrival。,结论所谓读懂英语文章，指的是能厘清上下文逻辑关系，清楚文章的脉络发展、故事情节的发展，从而真正理解作者所要传递的信息。,命题套路3：考查对文本含义的归纳能力。,（2019全国II 第18空）Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.,“,It,s good to know there,s still someone out there who cares enough to go to that kind of trouble,”,says Lisa of Ehlers,rescue,.,A.service B.plan C.effort(正确选项)D.team,解析结合上文Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.可知，小狗的主人Lisa是对Ehlers及其朋友的拯救付出(rescue effort)给予赞扬。故而选C项。,结论完形填空题型主要是要考查考生的逻辑思维能力，其中归纳/演绎能力是衡量考生逻辑思维能力的主要手段之一。,命题套路4：考查对文章框架结构或文章层次的把握能力。,（2019全国I 第17空）This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems,(,生态系统,),in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,giving back to lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather changeslow clouds enve,l,op,e,the mountain sides,which are covered with thick grass.,.,.Above 4,000 meters is the highland,:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.,A.village B.desert(正确选项)C.road D.lake,解析结合上文提到自山下到山上经历5个生态系统，海拔越高，植被越少，直到最后上到山顶类似极地气候条件下的永久性积雪，可知选B项最佳。,结论能选入完形填空的文章基本都短小精悍，文脉清晰，层次分明。考生要能跟上作者的框架思路，在不同的语境下做出相应的选择。,命题套路,1,考查信息差（时间差、地点差、程度差、,人物差、范围差、主客观差等）,命题套路,2,望文生义,命题套路,3,惯性思维,命题套路1：考查信息差（时间差、地点差、程度差、人物差、范围差、主客观差等）,（1）时间差：,指某个选项信息所包含的动作或感受的时间点与该选项的小语境的时间点不符合。,（2017全国III 第6空）The ticket had a strict no-transfer policy,but since passport information was not required when,any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can use it.,B.booking,(,正确选项,),C.checking(强干扰项),解析分析比较选项B与C，一个是护照预订，一个是检查护照，分别属于两个不同时空发生的动作。结合文章实际情况不难判断本文在讨论飞机票的转让赠送，还没有到使用该票的时候，因此选B项最佳。,（2）数量差：,指考生在阅读完形填空题文章时，应厘清故事情节中人或物的数量。,（2016全国I 第4空）Larry works with Transport Drivers,Inc.One morning in 2009,Larry was traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.Suddenly,he saw a car with its bright lights on.As he got closer,h,e found,vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.Larry pulled over,set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher(灭火器).Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had made an emergency call.,A.each B.another(正确选项)C.that(强干扰项)D.his,解析前后两段文字共涉及3辆汽车。如果考生搞不清几辆或分别是谁的汽车，则本小题十分难选。,（3）程度差：,指四个选项中至少有两项的单词所体现的事态存在或发展的程度不一样。那么只有那个精准体现语境中恰当程度的选项才是最佳答案。,（2015全国II 第13空）Through the first two games,her team did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent,I hated seeing my daughter playing her best,but still defeated.It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday.When they showed up for their Sunday game,they were,different.They played aggressively and even scored a goal.,A.slightly(强干扰项)B.hardly C.basically D.completely(正确选项),解析选项A和D都表示作者女儿所在的足球队的进步程度，但差异很大。结合上文“颗粒无收”到“配合默契”，到周日下午极具“侵略性”乃至“打进一球”，可知球队表现完全不同以往(completely different)，从而锁定正确答案D。,（4）范围差：,指四个选项中至少有两项的单词所体现的事态存在或发展的范围不一样。那么只有那个精准体现语境中恰当范围的选项才是最佳答案。,（2017浙江 第12空）Secretly,she bought books home every night,filling her car late after work.Her friends came to help when the war broke out.Anis who owned a restaurant agreed to hide some books.All through the,Alia,Anis,his brothers and neighbours,took the books from the library.,A.war(强干扰项)B.night(正确选项)C.building D.way,解析选项A表示Alia整个战争期间(时间跨度大)都在转移书；选项B表示只在晚上(时间跨度小)行动，结合上文Alia转移书的时间以及整个战争期间都转移不太现实，因而选定晚上，锁定B项为最佳答案。,结论命题专家通过设置读者和作者之间的“信息差”来衡量读者到底有没有读懂故事，读懂多少。,命题套路2：望文生义。指读者受文本某些词汇的干扰，选出并不符合故事情节发展实际的选项。,（2015全国I 第7空）In the store,I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our,“,friend,”,there would appreciate.They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year,-,old suggested giving him a,.I thought about it.We were low on cash ourselves,but.well,sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!When we handed him the bag of food,he lit up with watery eyes.When I handed him the gift card,he burst into tears.,A.dollar B.job C.hot meal(强干扰项)D.gift card(正确选项),解析考生结合前文的apples，a sandwich以及后文的food，很容易望文生义地选择C项。但该题后文也提及“我们自己也缺钱”，加之后文出现the gift card，促使我们最终丢弃C项，选定D项为最佳答案。,命题套路3：惯性思维。指读者在处理文本时，极容易受惯性思维影响而选一个并不符合文本原意的选项。,（2015全国II 第19空）It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.,is the best teacher.,A.Experience(正确选项)D.Interest(强干扰项),解析考生出于惯性思维容易选择D，译为谚语“兴趣是最好的老师”。然而，从文章开头及结尾不难归纳出，本文主旨大意为,“,经历是最好的老师,”,。全文没有提及兴趣(interest)，故而最佳答案为C项。,