高三阅读理解公开课-PPT.ppt

Reading Comprehension英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文公告，说明，广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文段并能从中获取相关信息。段并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：考生应能：（1）理解主旨大意（）理解主旨大意（main idea)（2）理解文中具体细节）理解文中具体细节(specific details)（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义）根据上下文推断生词的词义(word meanings)（4）做出判断和推理）做出判断和推理(judgement and inference)（5）理解文章的基本结构）理解文章的基本结构(passage structure)（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度）理解作者的意图、观点和态度(attitudes/opinions)一：主旨归纳题Usual types:这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。属于高层次题。question forms：大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？The authors purpose of writing this passage is 1.1.段落中出现表转折的词语段落中出现表转折的词语(如如however,but,in fact,actually,while,on the contrary,in contrast等等)时时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。其后的句子很可能是主题句。2.2.首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。是主题句。3.3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是主旨通常是主旨;反反复出现的词语复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.4.表示总结或结论的话常有表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，in short,conclude，conclusion等。等。找主题句的四个小窍门：找主题句的四个小窍门：Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect!Have a try!Guess the main idea of each passage quickly!Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?(1 minute)Please find out the topic sentence of the passage.开开门门见见山山,提提出出主主题题,随随之之用用细细节节来来解解释释,支支撑撑或或发发展展主主题题句所表达的主题思想句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式.Passage1 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent(无辜的，无罪的，无辜者).On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.(1 minute)Please find out the topic sentence of the passage.在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结论建议或结果结论建议或结果,以概括主题以概括主题.这这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：so,on the whole,as a result,in short,therefore,thus.Passage 2Passage 3Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity(困境，逆境）困境，逆境）.But,it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.J.K.Rowling,author of the Harry Potter book series,began writing at age 6.In her biography,.became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages,J.K.Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!(2 minutes)The text mainly tells us .A.hardship makes a good novelistB.the courage to try is a special abilityC.you can have a wonderful idea everywhereD.encouragement contributes to ones successdetailPassage 4Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.(2 minutes)The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from College.C.Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetailTypes of Paragraph StructuresTypesThe position(位置）位置）of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the end of the passageIn the middleNo clear topic sentenceWhat should we pay attention to?1.One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）不要以偏概全）2.Transitional words and expressions:过渡词过渡词 but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contraryHow to tell the wrong choices?2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小放大或缩小3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。主题。1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一中出现过的某一 观点当成整篇文章的主题观点当成整篇文章的主题How do we guess the meanings of new words?二：猜测生词的词义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式这种题型常见的设题方式这种题型常见的设题方式这种题型常见的设题方式有：有：有：有：1 1）The underlined wordThe underlined word（phrasephrase）in the passage means _in the passage means _ 2 2）The word itThe word it（themthem）in the first paragraph refers to _in the first paragraph refers to _ 3 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _4 4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph word in the second paragraph？要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思或句子的意思,或者推断熟词生义。题或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有干中常含有mean,is closest in meaning to,refer to,be replaced by等。这类题在等。这类题在广东高考最近六年来广东高考最近六年来,每年考查一个小每年考查一个小题。题。猜测词语意思猜测词语意思例1.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.2.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily.牧羊人that isRule1:to use _ 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 definition/explanation Signal words:is,is called,be defined as(被定义为被定义为),like,the same as,refer to,such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,includeGuess the meaning易碎的，脆性的易碎的，脆性的Rule2:to use_例例1.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.2.Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.harmfulalsoharmful文盲的，不识字的文盲的，不识字的 1.1.并列关系并列关系Signal words:and,or,also,that is to say（换句话说，（换句话说，也就是说也就是说）in other words（换句话说换句话说）andguess the meaninglogical relationships逻辑关系逻辑关系例3.There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people,such as children,pregnant women,pensioners,and those on Income Support,are exempt from payment.What does the underlined word“exempt”probably mean?A.suffering B.different C.prevented D.freebutcharges 2.2.根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据转折或对比关系进行判断Rule2:to use_4.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.Signal words:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,on one handon the other hand,rather than,instead ofpunctual准时的准时的logical relationships收费，要价收费，要价Rule2:to use_logical relationships例例5.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade（买卖，贸易，交易）（买卖，贸易，交易）.6.The teacher did not hear the knock at the doorbecause he was completely engrossed in his reading.smart/sharp精明的，敏锐的精明的，敏锐的suchthatSignal words:absorbed专心致志的，专心致志的，全神贯注的全神贯注的3.根据因果关系进行判断根据因果关系进行判断because,since,as,for,so,therefore（因此）（因此）,sothat,suchthat,thus Guess the meaning of the underlined word.becauseRule3:to use _Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.English-speaking people added s or son.The Johnsons are descendants of John;the Roberts familys ancestor(祖先）祖先）was Robert.A.later generations B.friends and relativesC.colleagues and partners D.later sponsors2)European countries,for the present,are deeply mired in economic troubles.It is reported that their economic future looks uncertain and dark.A.trapped B.absorbed C.engaged D.interestedcontext根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断Rule 4:to use _(1)When he reached the place with his army,he found When he reached the place with his army,he found an an impassableimpassable river in front of him.river in front of him.Impossible to travel on or through不能通行的不能通行的(2)He fell into a ditch(沟，渠）沟，渠）and lay there,semiconscious,for a few minutes.partially consciousword formation根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断semi(前缀）半，部分前缀）半，部分conscious有知觉的，有有知觉的，有意识的，神志清醒的意识的，神志清醒的Rule 5:to use common sense and experience 根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词 1)The sound of water gently lapping against the side of the boat during the silent night was very pleasant.tapping拍打拍打 2)Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.warming.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out C.wiping out D.giving out打扫或清除干净打扫或清除干净吸入吸入，理解，领会，理解，领会彻底消灭，全部摧毁彻底消灭，全部摧毁分发，发出，放出（热，光等）分发，发出，放出（热，光等）像亚马逊这样的热带雨林对于吸收大气中的二氧化碳，像亚马逊这样的热带雨林对于吸收大气中的二氧化碳，帮助减缓全球变暖有着重要作用。帮助减缓全球变暖有着重要作用。Rule 1:Rule 1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 Rule 2:Rule 2:根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）Rule 3:Rule 3:根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断Rule 4:Rule 4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断Rule 5:Rule 5:根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！以下几个方面加强自我训练！1 1猜测熟词新含义猜测熟词新含义猜测熟词新含义猜测熟词新含义例例1:The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collarwhite-collar employees employees，who can afford the new service.例例2:“Thats impossible,”said he,who runsruns an Italian restaurant.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。将这些词进行简要归纳整理。2 2猜测词性变换新词含义猜测词性变换新词含义猜测词性变换新词含义猜测词性变换新词含义When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。它的新词义。猜词能力猜词能力白领雇员白领雇员经营经营想象想象1.On the farm they mainly raise poultry chickens,ducks and geese,both for their eggs and their meat.家禽家禽2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.supercilious高傲的高傲的,傲慢的傲慢的modest（谦虚的，谦逊的）（谦虚的，谦逊的）3Tim drank too much water last night,so he went to visit john twice.厕所厕所4.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.disagree5.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.浑浊的，污浊不清的浑浊的，污浊不清的6.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效的7.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.修剪修剪理发师理发师8.Finally the enemy surrendered.They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.9.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.笔名，化名,假名投降投降10.A stunt person is a man or woman who does all the dangerous bits of acting work in films or on TV.特技演员特技演员11.The pupils assembled in front of the school hall.They came together to listen to the the results of the sports meeting headmaster would announce.聚集聚集,集合集合 12.He is one of the most loquacious men I know.His brother,however,does not like to talk much.话多的，健谈的，话多的，健谈的，喋喋不休的喋喋不休的 13.The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on茶碟，茶托茶碟，茶托What have you learnt today?一：主旨归纳题 1.如何找主题句如何找主题句 2.莫以偏概全莫以偏概全二：猜测生词的词义Rule 1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 Rule 2:根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）Rule 3:根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断根据上下文语境做出判断Rule 4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断Rule 5:根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词根据常识、经验猜生词 homework1.完成学案中的习题完成学案中的习题2.完成第七期双语报阅读理解完成第七期双语报阅读理解，并归，并归纳总结纳总结观点态度，推理判断，细节观点态度，推理判断，细节题题的解题技巧的解题技巧