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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,浅,(Qian),表食管癌的分层治疗,第一页,共三十九页。,世界食管癌发病,(Bing),率及死亡率,第二页,共三十九页。,世界食管癌发病率,(Lv),及死亡率,(Lv),第三页,共三十九页。,中国食管癌发,(Fa),病率及死亡率,第四页,共三十九页。,定,(Ding),义,早期食管癌,位于黏膜,(Mo),层或黏膜,(Mo),下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移,Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases guidelines,1969.,黏膜下层食管癌,5,年生存率,69%,Japan Esophageal Society.April 2007.,第五页,共三十九页。,Makuuchi H,et al.Clin.Gastroenterol,1997,第六页,共三十九页。,早期食管癌,(Ai),最新定义,位于,(Yu),黏膜层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移,Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.,第七页,共三十九页。,浅表食管,(Guan),癌定义,浅表食管癌,(Ai),位于黏膜层或黏膜下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移,International Union Against Cancer TNM classification,第八页,共三十九页。,浅表食管癌,(Ai),大体分型与淋巴结转移的关系,27%,20%,10%,10%,50%,Oyama T,et al.I Cho(Stomach Intestine),2002.,第九页,共三十九页。,浅表,(Biao),食管癌内镜诊断,EUS,:深度、淋巴结转移,染色内镜,碘染色:定性诊断的标准方法,NBI+,放大:性质、深度,Endocytoscopy,:性质,活,(Huo),体细胞检查,第十页,共三十九页。,EUS,m1,m2,m3,sm1,sm2,第十一页,共三十九页。,EUS,Meta,分析:,19,篇文献,,,996,例,浅表,食管癌患者,超声内镜判断食管黏膜内癌的敏感,(Gan),度、特异度,为,0.86,,,0.86,食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度,为,0.87,,,0.85,早期食管癌,N,分,期的敏感度、特异度,为,0.71,,,0.78,第十二页,共三十九页。,NBI,第十三页,共三十九页。,IPCL,第十四页,共三十九页。,Type,正常,Type,食管炎,Type,低级别上皮内瘤变,褐色,随访或,EMR/ESD,Type,高级别上皮内瘤变或,原位癌,褐色,EMR/ESD,Type,-1,m1,癌,褐色,EMR/ESD,Type,-2,m2,癌,褐色,EMR/ESD,Type,-3,m3-sm1,癌,褐色,ESD/,手术,Type,-N,sm2,以深癌,褐色,手术,第十五页,共三十九页。,第十六页,共三十九页。,Inoues IPCL,分,(Fen),型,准确度:,82.9%,敏感度:,97.3%,特异度:,66.2%,阳性预测值,(Zhi),:,77.0%,阴性预测值:,95.4%,Minami H,et al.Diseases of the Esophagus,2012.,第十七页,共三十九页。,Endocytoscopy,2003,2005,2009,第十八页,共三十九页。,EndocytoscopyECA,分,(Fen),型,诊断食管癌,准确率:,91.3%,敏,(Min),感度:,91.7%,特异度:,91.0%,阳性预测值:,90.6%,阴性预测值:,92.0%,Inoue H,et al.Endoscopy,2006.,ECA-1:normal,ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive change,ECA-3:inflammatory change or LGIN,ECA-4:strongly suggests a malignant lesion,ECA-5:malignant lesion,第十九页,共三十九页。,EndocytoscopyECA,分,(Fen),型,ECA-2,m2,ECA-5,第二十页,共三十九页。,EndocytoscopyKumagais,分,(Fen),型,Kumagai Y,et al.Dis.Esophagus,2009.,诊断食管癌的敏感性,94.7%,,特,(Te),异性,84.2%,第二十一页,共三十九页。,Type0,Type1,Type2,Type3,正,(Zheng),常,LGIN,HGIN,SCC,第二十二页,共三十九页。,Endocytoscopy,优势:,放大倍数高,最大可达,1000,倍,为活检精确制导,部分代替活检,缺陷:,只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结,(Jie),构,无法判断病变深度,未上市,第二十三页,共三十九页。,食管癌内镜治疗,(Liao),的优势,微创,恢复快,经济,保持器官完整性,提,(Ti),高患者术后生活质量,诊断价值,第二十四页,共三十九页。,EMR,vs,ESD,George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013,第二十五页,共三十九页。,Guideline criteria for EMR,Expanded criteria for ESD,Surgery,Gotoda,et al.Gastric Cancer,2000,H,irasawa,et al.Gastric Cancer,2009,Depth,Histology,Intramucosal Cancer,Submucosal Cancer,Ul(-),Ul(+),SM1,SM2,20,20,30,30,30,any size,Differentiated,Undifferentiated,胃癌,ESD,适应,(Ying),症,第二十六页,共三十九页。,NCCN,食,(Shi),管癌内镜治疗适应症,第二十七页,共三十九页。,浅表食管癌的,(De),内镜治疗适应症?,核心问题:,浸润深度:,m1,、,m2,、,m3,、,sm1,、,sm2,、,sm3,有,(You),无淋巴结转移,术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题,第二十八页,共三十九页。,浅表,(Biao),食管癌的淋巴结转移风险和浸润深度有关,0%,0%,9%,4.7-19%,36%,52%,黏膜,(Mo),层,固有层,黏膜肌层,Sm1,Sm2,Sm3,固有肌层,外膜层,Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.,第二十九页,共三十九页。,浅表食管,(Guan),癌的分层治疗,ESD,ESD,ESD?,ESD?,手术,手术,黏膜,(Mo),层,固有层,黏膜肌层,Sm1,Sm2,Sm3,固有肌层,外膜层,第三十页,共三十九页。,黏膜下食管癌的淋巴,(Ba),结转移风险,系统综述,包含,105,篇文献,,7645,例手术病人,总,(Zong),体黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移率,-37%,Overall,(n=7645),Sm1(n=663),Sm2(n=942),Sm3(n=1493),Node metastasis,2870,(,37%,),148,(,27%,),303,(,38%,),699,(,54%,),Lymphovascular,invasion,852,(,53%,),90,(,46%,),114,(,63%,),190,(,69%,),Microvascular,invasion,629,(,40%,),22,(,20%,),78,(,38%,),125,(,47%,),GOCKEL I,et al.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,第三十一页,共三十九页。,黏,(Nian),膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险,Sm1,鳞癌,腺癌,Sm2,鳞癌,腺癌,Sm3,鳞癌,腺癌,Node metastasis,60/224,(,27%),4/65,(6%),107/296,(36%),10/44,(23%),300/544,(55%),33/57,(58%),Lymphovascular,invasion,58/111,(52%),2/23,(9%),88/135,(65%),4/15,(27%),118/184,(64%),19/25,(76%),Microvascular,invasion,19/97,(20%),1/7,(14%),67/183,(37%),0/2,(0%),114/239,(48%),0/12,(0%),GOCKEL I,et al.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,Sm1,食管,鳞,(Lin),癌,的淋巴结转移风险高于腺癌,第三十二页,共三十九页。,浅表食管,(Guan),癌淋巴结转移预测因子,系统综述,,38,篇文献,,2149,例手术病,(Bing),人,由强到弱依次为:分化差、,Sm3,、淋巴血管侵犯、微血管侵犯、,Sm2,、,Sm1,鳞癌最好的预测因子:,Sm3,、微血管侵犯,腺癌最好的预测因子:淋巴血管侵犯,George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013,第三十三页,共三十九页。,黏膜下食管鳞,(Lin),癌的治疗方法,Sm1,食管鳞癌淋巴结转移风险:,27%,ESD,治疗是不够的,ESD,后的治疗,食管切除,+,淋巴结清扫术,(Shu),辅助放化疗?,第三十四页,共三十九页。,ESD,术,(Shu),后食管切除,17,例,ESD,术后食管鳞癌患者,(Zhe),行食管切除术,术后病理:,Sm1-8,例,,Sm2-9,例,淋巴结侵犯:,13,(,76%,),血管侵犯:,5,(,29%,),淋巴结转移:,5,(,29%,),围手术期死亡:,0,(,0%,),随访:,23,个月(,11-71,),复发:,0,(,0%,),Motoyama,et al.Surg Today,2012,第三十五页,共三十九页。,ESD+CRT,平均随访,46.5,月,(Yue),无一例复发,无一例淋巴结及远处转移,第三十六页,共三十九页。,小,(Xiao),结,m1,、,m2,:,ESD,绝对适应症,Sm1,、,sm2,:,ESD,扩大适应症,术,(Shu),后病理若提示分化差、淋巴血管侵犯、微血管侵犯,需追加手术,(Shu),,对于手术,(Shu),风险高的患者可选择放化疗,Sm2,、,sm3,:手术切除,+,淋巴结清扫,第三十七页,共三十九页。,苏,(Su),州市第八届消化系疾病学术会议,谢,(Xie),谢,(Xie),!,第三十八页,共三十九页。,内容总,(Zong),结,浅表食管癌的分层治疗。位于黏膜层或黏膜下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移。位于黏膜层或黏膜下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移。Japan Esophageal Society.April 2007.。Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.。Endocytoscopy:性,(Xing),质活体细胞检查。Type 。EndocytoscopyECA分型。ECA-3:inflammatory change or LGIN。ECA-4:strongly suggests a malignant lesion。ECA-5:malignant lesion。EndocytoscopyKumagais分型。EMR vs ESD。谢谢,第三十九页,共三十九页。,
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