烹饪原料学单词+汇总.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第一章,烹饪原料,:cooking materials,或,raw materials of diet,第二章,束缚水,(,结合水,),：,bound water,自由水,(,游离水,),：,free water,滞化水：,immobilized water,毛细管水（细胞间水）：,capillary water,自由流动水：,fluidly water,糊化：,gelatinization,老化：,retrogradation,简单脂类：,simple lipids,复合脂类：,compound lipids,衍生脂类：,derived lipids,酸败：,rancidity,蛋白质：,proteins,单纯蛋白：,simple proteins,白蛋白：,albumins,球蛋白：,globulins,谷蛋白：,glutelins,醇溶谷蛋白：,prolamines,组蛋白：,histones,精蛋白：,spermatines,硬蛋白：,scleroproteins,胶原蛋白：,collagen,弹性蛋白：,elastin,结合蛋白：,conjugated proteins,磷蛋白：,phosphoproteins,脂蛋白：,lipoproteins,色蛋白：,chromoproteins,核蛋白：,nucleoproteins,糖蛋白：,glycoproteins,变性作用：,denaturation,羰氨反应（美拉德反应）：,maillard reaction,维生素：,vitamins,维生素,A,：,retinol,维生素,D,：,cholecalciferol,维生素,E,：,tocopherol,维生素,K,：,phylloquinone,维生素,B2,：,riboflavin,维生素,C,（抗坏血酸）：,ascorbic acid,矿物质：,minerals,类胡萝卜素：,carotenoids,花青素：,anthocyans,花黄素：,anthoxanthins,虾青素：,astaxanthin,原生质：,protoplasm,原生质体：,protoplast,细胞壁：,cell wall,纹孔：,pit,胞间连丝：,plasmodesma,细胞膜：,cell membrane,质膜：,plasma membrane,细胞质：,cytoplasm,基质：,ground substance,内含物：,inclusion,细胞器：,organelle,内质网：,endoplasmic reticulum,高尔基复合体：,golgi complx,高尔基器：,golgi apparatus,线粒体：,mitochondria,线粒体嵴：,cristae,溶酶体：,lysosome,质体：,plastid,白色体：,leucoplast,叶绿体：,chloroplast,有色体：,chromoplast,造粉体：,amyloplast,造油体：,elaioplast,造蛋白体：,proteinoplast,叶绿素：,cholrophyll,叶黄素：,xanthophyll,胡萝卜素：,carotin,片层结构：,lamellae,液泡：,vacuole,基粒：,granum,细胞液：,cell sap,过氧化酶体：,peroxisome,微体：,microbody,核糖核蛋白体（核糖体）：,ribosome,微管：,microtubules,微丝：,microfilament,中心体：,centriosome,细胞核：,nucleus,组织：,tissue,器官：,organ,系统：,system,成熟组织：,mature tissue,原分生组织：,promersitem,初生分生组织：,primary meristem,第三章,分类,(classification),生物分类学,(taxonomy),人为的分类系统,(artificial system),自然分类系统,(natural system),界,(kingdom),门,(phylum),纲,(class),目,(order),科,(family),属,(genus),种,(species),总,(super-),亚,(sub-),亚门,(phylum),总纲,(superclass),总目,(superorder),亚科,(subfamily),亚属,(subgenus),亚种,(subspecies),动物界,(Animalia,棘皮动物门,(Echinodermata),海参纲,(Holothuroidea),楯手目,(Aspidocchirota),刺参科,(Stichopodidae),变种,(variety),品种,(breed),学名,(scientific name),俗名,(common name),双名法,(binomial nomenclature),三名法,(trinomial nomenclature),第五章粮食,粮食,food grain,谷类粮食,cereals,黑米,black rice,香米,scented rice,小麦粉,wheat flour,豆类粮食,beans,薯类粮食,yams,粮食制品,grain products,第六章蔬菜,蘑菇：,mushroom,藻类：,algae,第七章果品,按果实的组织结构分类,真果,true fruit,假果,spurious,花被,perianth,花托,receptacle,单果,simple fruit,聚合果,aggregate fruit,复果,collective fruit,外果皮,exocarp,中果皮,mesocarp,内果皮,endocarp,1,、肉果,（,1,）梨果,pome,（,2,）核果,drupe,（,3,）浆果,berry,胎磨,placenta,（,4,）柑果,hesperidium,（,5,）瓠果,pepo,2,、干果,（,1,）裂果,dehiscent fruit,莢果,legume,蓇葖果,follide,蒴果,capsule,（,2,）闭果,indehiscent fruit,瘦果,achene,坚果,nut,颖果,caryopsis,翅果,samara,双悬果,cremocarp,香蕉,(Banana),苹果,(Apple),柑桔,(Citrus),橙,(Orange),西瓜,(Watermelon),梨,(Pear),柠檬,(Lemon),草莓,(Strawberry),黑莓,(Black berry),蜜瓜,(Melon),西柚,(Grapefruit),桃,(Peach),杏,(Apricot),猕猴桃,(Kiwifruit),油梨,(Avocado),樱桃,(Cherry),无花果,(Fig),番石榴,(Guava),野杨莓,(Raspberry),芒果,(Mango),19,核桃,(Walnut),松籽,(Pine nut),花生,(Peanut),杏仁,(Apricot kernel),巴旦杏仁,(Almond),板粟,(Hairy chestnut),腰果仁,(Cashew seed),榛子,(Hazelnrut),夏威夷果仁,(Macadamia nut),山核桃,(Hickory),20,第八章畜类原料,PSE,猪肉,Pale Soft Exudative,pork,西式咸肉（培根）,bacon,乳制品,milk products,稀奶油,cream,奶油,butter,第九章禽类原料,北京鸭,Peking duck,王鸽,king pigeon,青铜色火鸡,bronie turkey,灰青色火鸡,slate Turkey,板鸭,pressed salted duck,蛋壳,Shell,蛋白,albamin white,蛋黄,yolk,蛋黄膜,yolk membrane,引黄素,cryptoxanthin,黄体素,lutein,玉米黄素,zeaxanthin,第十章两栖爬行类原料,Amphibians,两栖纲,Caecilia pachynema,蚓螈,Megalobatrachus japonicus,大鲵,Anura,无尾目,Urodela,有尾目,Apoda,无足目,Squamata,有鳞目,Crocodilia,鳄目,Cheloniidae,海龟科,Dermochelidae,棱皮龟科,Colubridae,游蛇科,Boidae,蟒科,Elapidae,眼镜蛇科,Viperidae,蝰科,Crotalinae,蝮亚科,Colubridae,游蛇科,Boidae,蟒科,Elapidae,眼镜蛇科,Viperidae,蝰科,Crotalinae,蝮亚科,第十一章鱼类原料,鳍条,fin ray,普通肉,ordinary muscle,鱼翅,sharks fin,鱼肚,fish glue,鱼皮,sharks skin,鱼唇,sharks lip,鱼骨,fishbone,鱼信,fish spinal cord food,鱼子,roe,鱼片,fillet,第十二章无脊椎动物原料,虾青素：,astaxanthin,虾红素：,astascin,第十三章调料,调料,flavoring,调味料,seasoning,粗盐,coarse salt,食盐,salt,精盐,table salt,加碘盐,addition iodine salt,酱油,soy sauce,酱,thick sauce,面酱,thick sauce from flour,大豆酱,soybean paste,蚕豆酱,broad bean paste,沙茶酱,barbeque sauce,豆豉,fermented soy beans,食糖,sugar,白砂糖,white sugar,绵白糖,castor sugar,赤砂糖,brown granulated sugar,土红糖,raw sugar,冰糖,rock sugar,方糖,block sugar,饴糖,malt sugar,蜂蜜,honey,糖精钠,saccharin sodium,田野菊苷,stevioside,食醋,vinegar,香醋,aromatic vinegar,米醋,rice vinegar,熏醋,smoked vinegar,糟醋,grains vinegar,糖醋,sugar vinegar,番茄酱,redeye,（,ketchup,）,柠檬酸,citric acid,苹果酸,malic acid,辣椒制品,chili product,辣椒干,dried chili,辣椒粉,chili powder,辣椒油,chili oil,泡辣椒,dunked chili,胡椒,pepper,芥末,mustard,芥子苷,mustard glycosides,黑芥子苷,sinigrin,白芥子苷,sinabin,黄姜,turmeric,姜,turmeric,辣根,horse-radish,咖喱粉,curry,花椒,Chinese prickly ash,味精,gourmet powder,强力味精,aggrandizement gourment powder,耗油,oyster sauce,鱼露,fish sauce,虾油,shrimp sauce,调香料,flavor,，,spice,，,spicery,芳香料,spicery,八角茴香,aniseed,茴香,fennel,桂皮,Chinese cinnamon,月桂叶,cherry bay leaf,丁香,clove,藏茴香,Xinjiang fennel,迷迭香,rosemarry,百里香,thyme,罗勒,basil,木犀花,devilwood flower,玫瑰花,rose,番红花,crocus,苦香料,bitter spicery,陈皮,dried orange peel,草果,tsaoko,肉豆蔻,nutmeg,酒香料,alcohol flavoring,酒酿,fermented glutinous rice,香糟,sweet smelling grains,调色料,mix color additive,食用色素,edible pigment,使用天然色素,savageness pigment,红曲色素,monascin,紫胶虫色素,laccaic acid,姜黄素,curcumin,甜菜红,table beet,-,胡萝卜素,carotenes,辣椒红,capsanthin,玫瑰茄色素,hibiscus anthocyans,可可色素,cocoa pigment,叶绿素铜钠,chlorophyl cuprum sodium,焦糖色素,caramel,食用合成色素,manual complex pigment,苋菜红,amaranth,胭脂红,ponceau 4R,柠檬黄,lartrazine,靛蓝,indigo carmine,发色剂,nitrite and nitrate,调质剂,ameliorate texture additive,膨松剂,expand additive,碱性膨松剂,alkalescence expand additive,复合膨松剂,complex expand additive,发酵粉,baking powder,生物膨松剂,yeast,明矾,alum,压榨酵母,bread yeast,活性干酵母,dried yeast,老酵母,yeast paste,凝固剂,concreting addition,增稠剂,increase iscidity additive,淀粉,strach,，,amylum,果胶,pecyin,琼脂,agay,致嫩剂,meat tender additive,木瓜蛋白酶,papain,菠萝蛋白酶,bromelin,无花果蛋白酶,ficin,第十四章辅料,豆油,soy-bean oil,花生油,peanut oil,菜籽油,rape-seed oil,棉籽油,cotton-seed oil,芝麻油,sesame oil,核桃油,walnut oil,棕榈油,palm oil,米糠油,rice bran oil,玉米油,maize oil,葵花籽油,sunflower oil,橄榄油,olive oil,椰子油,coconut oil,红花籽油,saffron oil,茶油,tea oil,可可脂,cocoa Butter,猪脂,lard,牛脂,ox fat,羊脂,suet,人造奶油,margarine,起酥油,shortening,类可可脂,cocoa butter equivalent,月桂型代可可脂,cocoa butter substitutes,非月桂型代可可脂,cocoa butter replace,鸡油,chicken oil,奶油,cream,高级烹调油,high-grade cooking oil,调和油,suit well oil,