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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二节方法利用于命题,专题二完形填空,1/141,栏目索引,完形填空常考命题,跟踪训练,2/141,1.,记叙文,记叙文主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类文章，详细地说，它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等伎俩记叙社会生活中人、事、景、物状态及其发展过程，用以表现作者思想，抒发某种情感文章形式。,近年来高考记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主，解答记叙文体完形填空时，应着重把握以下几点：(1)抓住文章中心思想。中心思想是文章灵魂和统帅，其它写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。(2)明确叙述角度。记叙文通常有两大叙述角度：第一和第三人称。第一人称就是从,“,自我参加,”,角度进行叙述；第三人称就是从,“,旁观者,”,角度,完形填空常考命题,3/141,客观地记人、叙事、状物。(3)理清写作次序。依据写作需要作者往往采取顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法。(4)明确写作要素。包含事件、人物、时间、地点、原因和结果等。(5)洞悉写作目标。只有心中有了目标，在情节选择和细节描写上才会作出合理安排。明晰了写作目标，就能抓住文章主题。,4/141,2.,夹叙夹议文,该类题目标特点是：作者先叙述一个事件，然后提出自己看法或揭示蕴含哲理，或是作者边叙述边议论，揭示社会现象等。文章显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一个社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一个深层次思索，含有记叙与议论双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文语境琢磨作者心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件态度。在答题过程中，要理清文章脉络与结构，把作者叙述故事和要表示观点结合起来分析，而且要把握好关联词语，还要把握语气、动作等细节描写，从而与作者到达共鸣。,5/141,3.,议论文,议论文经过剖析事物来叙述道理、提出主张、发表看法等。这种文体普通由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类完形填空最主要是抓住作者论点。不一样议论文论点提出方式往往不一样，大致有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山式。提出论点,引用详细论据,总结全文。(2)导入式。叙述生活中一件详细事情或描述生活中现象,针对问题，提出论点,用论听说明论点。(3)结尾式。列举生活现象,分析具表达象,得出结论。对于纯议论形式完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨情况下，抓好每段主旨句。抓住了每段主旨句也就把握了文章脉络，了解文章就轻易了。,6/141,4.,说明文,说明文普通语言简练，按照一定规律介绍事物类别、性质、特点、结构、成因、关系等。常见说明文有些人物介绍、产品说明、讲解词、试验汇报、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。,说明文文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采取客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面解题技巧：(1)明确说明对象，理清段落联络：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不一样角度和侧面对其加以说明。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明侧重点，理清各段之间逻辑联络，加深对说明对象了解。,7/141,(2),搞清说明次序，把握作者态度：在说明过程中作者会选择合理说明次序对说明对象进行有条不紊讲解。把握了说明次序，就能准确把握文章脉络，加深对整篇文章了解。常见说明次序有时间次序、空间次序、逻辑次序(如因果关系、先主后次等)和认识次序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由详细到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思绪基础上，还要注意反应作者态度关键词或关键句，把握作者写作情感和意思。,8/141,点津,不论哪个体裁文章，考生都应先通读全文、掌握大意，然后各种解题方法并用，即往往是各种方法解一个题，而不是一个方法对应一个题。,9/141,(,天津),At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food,：I used it to,16,bad feelings,，to make myself feel better，and to celebrate.Worried about my health，I tried many different kinds of,17,but nothing worked.I came to believe that I could do nothing about my,18,.,When I was 50,，my weight problem began to affect me,19,.I didn,t want to live the rest of my life with this,20,weight any more.,记叙文,典例1,10/141,That year,，I,21,a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her,22,storyshe had not only lost 125 pounds,，but also raised 25,000 for homeless children.,23,by her story,，I created the As We Heal(痊愈)，the World Heals,24,.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000,25,a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world,26,me as the perfect solution.,11/141,27,I began my own personal weight program,，I was filled with the fear that I would,28,the same difficulties that beat me before.While the,29,hung over my head,，there were also signs that I was headed down the right,30,.I sent letters to everyone I knew,，telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations began,31,in from hundreds of people.,12/141,Of course,，I also took some practical steps to lose weight.I consulted with a physician(内科医生)，I hired a fitness coach，and I began to eat small and,32,meals.My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise,33,.,A year later,，I,34,my goal,：I lost 150 pounds and raised 50,000！I feel that I,ve been given a second life to devote to something that is 35,and enormous.,13/141,语篇解读,本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己深受体重困扰，以后决心改变自己，经过创办一个项目，在使自己体重降下来同时，还募集了很多资金，帮助了他人。,14/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据下文中,“,to make myself feel better,”,可知，此处应填kill，表示,“,用这种方式来消除负面情绪(kill bad feelings),”,。add增加；mix混合；kill终止，结束；share分享。,16.A.add B.mix,C.kill D.share,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,15/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据上文提到,“,weighed 370 pounds,”,以及food，health可知，此处是说,“,我尝试了很多不一样节食方法,”,。diet节食；drink饮料；fruit水果；dish菜肴。,17.A.diets B.drinks,C.fruits D.dishes,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,16/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。上文提到尝试了很多不一样节食方法，下文接着提到weight problem，所以此处表示,“,我对自己体重束手无策,”,。height身高；ability能力；wisdom智慧；weight体重。,18.A.height B.ability,C.wisdom D.weight,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,17/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据后句,“,I didn,t want to live the rest of my life.,”,可知，体重问题开始严重地影响了,“,我,”,。temporarily暂时地；recently最近；seriously严重地；secretly秘密地。,19.A.temporarily B.recently,C.seriously D.secretly,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,18/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文提到,“,我不想度过我余生,”,，所以此处应填extra，表示,“,带着这些额外体重,”,。ideal理想；extra额外；normal正常；low低。,20.A.ideal B.extra,C.normal D.low,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,19/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据下文中,“,we were asked to,”,可知，此处应是,“,我参加了一个培训会,”,。attend参加；organize组织；recommend推荐；mention提及。,21.A.attended B.organized,C.recommended D.mentioned,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,20/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据下文中,“,she had not only lost 125 pounds,，but also raised 25,000,”,可知，分享应是一个成功故事。folk民间音乐；success成功；adventure冒险；science科学。,22.A.folk B.success,C.adventure D.science,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,21/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据上下文可知，受一位培训会领导者成功故事影响，作者创办了一个项目。surprise使诧异；amuse逗笑；influence影响；disturb打搅。,23.A.Surprised B.Amused,C.Influenced D.Disturbed,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,22/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据上文中,“,we were asked to create a project,”,可知，此处应填project。project项目；business生意；system系统；custom风俗。,24.A.project B.business,C.system D.custom,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,23/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。募集5万美元来支持一个30年前成立意在消除饥饿运动。in search of寻找；in need of需要；in place of代替；in support of支持。,25.A.in search of B.in need of,C.in place of D.in support of,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,24/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。这种治愈自己与治愈世界结合，在,“,我,”,看来是个完美处理方法。scare恐吓；consider考虑；confuse使迷惑；strike突然出现(在脑海里)。strike sb.as sth.给某人以某种印象，让某人以为。,26.A.scared B.considered,C.confused D.struck,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,25/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。当,“,我,”,开始执行自己个人减肥计划时，,“,我,”,充满了恐惧。此处用as引导时间状语从句。as当,时候；until直到,为止；if假如；unless除非。,27.A.As B.Until,C.If D.Unless,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,26/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。依据空前fear和空后beat me before可知，此处表示,“,碰到一样困难,”,。get over处理，克服；run into碰到；look for寻找；put aside把,放下，不考虑。,28.A.get over B.run into,C.look for D.put aside,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,27/141,解析,可用词汇复现法解答该题。依据上文中,“,I was filled with the fear,”,可知，此处应填fear。excitement兴奋；joy喜悦；anger愤恨；fear恐惧。,29.A.excitement B.joy,C.anger D.fear,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,28/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据下文中,“,It worked perfectly.,”,可知，在,“,我,”,被恐惧笼罩同时，也有了,“,我,”,朝着正确路线前进迹象。row排，行；hall大厅；path路线，道路；street街道。,30.A.row B.hall,C.path D.street,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,29/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。数以百计人捐款如潮水般涌来。break in破门而入；flood in涌入；jump in突然插话；step in走进，介入。,31.A.breaking B.flooding,C.jumping D.stepping,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,30/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。,“,我,”,也开始采取一些切实可行办法来减肥。,“,我,”,咨询内科医生，雇用健身教练，开始吃少许而有益健康食物。heavy重；full满；expensive昂贵；healthy有益健康。,32.A.heavy B.full,C.expensive D.healthy,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,31/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。,“,我,”,对筹款关注也给了,“,我,”,新动力去经常锻炼。regularly经常；limitlessly无限地；suddenly突然；randomly随意地。,33.A.regularly B.limitlessly,C.suddenly D.randomly,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,32/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。联络第四段中,“,My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000.,”,和本段中,“,I lost 150 pounds and raised 50,000,！,”,可知，,“,我,”,实现了,“,我,”,目标。set树立，创建；reach实现，到达；miss错过，思念；drop停顿，放弃。,34.A.set B.reached,C.missed D.dropped,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,33/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。通读整篇文章可知，作者本人经过减肥这件事，身心发生了很大改变，所以此处是作者感悟：,“,我,”,感觉自己被给予了第二次生命来做有意义大事。stressful压力重；painful令人痛苦；meaningful有意义；peaceful宁静。,35.A.stressful B.painful,C.meaningful D.peaceful,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,34/141,(,全国,),When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant,41,Miller King,，who was the best,42,at our school.,Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for,43,.,夹叙夹议文,典例2,35/141,Just before September,，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from,44,.He looked very,45,，but he didn,t cry.,That season,，I,46,all of Miller,s records while he,47,the home games from the bench.We went 10,1 and I was named the most valuable player，,48,I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller,s,49,.,36/141,One afternoon,，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller,50,going over a fencewhich wasn,t,51,to climb if you had both arms.I,m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept,52,from.But even that challenge he accepted.I,53,him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally,54,on the other side,，he said to me，,“,You know,，I didn,t tell you this during the season,，but you did,55,.Thank you for filling in for,56,.,”,37/141,His words freed me from my bad,57,.I thought to myself,，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated，he was,58,ahead of me.I was right to have,59,him.From that day on,，I grew,60,and a little more real.,语篇解读,本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者想成为校足球队明星，经过帮助受伤Miller King，使自己真正得到了成长。,38/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据后半句,“,他是足球队中最优异球员,”,可知，要想成为足球队明星就要打败他。故选B。,41.A.cheering for B.beating out,C.relying on D.staying with,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,39/141,解析,可用巧用上下文解答该题。依据语境此处应是足球队队员。故选D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,42.A.coach B.student,C.teacher D.player,40/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为赛季要开始了，所以作者为了到达目标处处练习。故选A。,43.A.practice B.show,C.comfort D.pleasure,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,41/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller被车撞了，所以当他从医院回来时候，作者去看他。故选C。,44.A.school B.vacation,C.hospital D.training,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,42/141,45.A.pale B.calm,C.relaxed D.ashamed,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为刚从医院回来，身体还未康复，所以脸色苍白。故选A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,43/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、固定搭配解题法解答该题。依据下一句内容判断作者打破了纪录，故用break。break records为固定搭配，意为,“,打破纪录,”,。故选B。,46.A.held B.broke,C.set D.tried,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,44/141,47.A.reported B.judged,C.organized D.watched,解析,可用立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller出车祸后不能像往常一样踢球，所以只能坐在凳子上观看比赛。故选D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,45/141,48.A.and B.then,C.but D.thus,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。前半句,“,作者被评为最有价值球员,”,和后一句,“,作者常做梦受训斥,”,这两句话之间是转折关系。故选C。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,46/141,49.A.decision B.mistake,C.accident D.sacrifice,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据上文可知，此处应是Miller遭遇车祸受伤事故。故选C。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,47/141,50.A.stuck B.hurt,C.tired D.lost,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller因为失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住了。故选A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,48/141,解析,可用立体逻辑法解答该题。对于有两个胳膊正常人来说，越过篱笆应该不是一件困难事。故选B。,51.A.steady B.hard,C.fun D.fit,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,49/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller和作者两个人之间竞争，所以作者认为Miller并不想得到他帮助。故选C。,52.A.praise B.advice,C.assistance D.apology,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,50/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据上一句,“,But even that challenge he accepted.,”,可知，Miller接收了帮助。故选B。,53.A.let B.helped,C.had D.noticed,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,51/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据语境，此处指当他们安全越过篱笆时候。故选D。,54.A.dropped B.ready,C.trapped D.safe,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,52/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。依据语境，此处指作者在比赛中做得很好。故选A。,55.A.fine B.wrong,C.quickly D.normally,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,53/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller受伤了，作者代替了他，此处是Miller说感激作者话。故选C。,56.A.us B.yourself,C.me D.them,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,54/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、复现法解答该题。依据上文可知，此处指Miller使作者从最初那些不好梦中解脱了出来。与上文中,“,had crazy dreams,”,互应。故选D。,57.A.memories B.ideas,C.attitudes D.dreams,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,55/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。作者即使打破了Miller创造纪录，但在作者心中，他仍领先于作者。故选A。,58.A.still B.also,C.yet D.just,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,56/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。此处指作者一直钦佩Miller。故选D。,59.A.challenged B.cured,C.invited D.admired,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,57/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。经过帮助受伤Miller，使自己真正得到了成长。故选B。,60.A.healthier B.bigger,C.cleverer D.cooler,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,58/141,(,安徽),In our modern world,，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The,36,is that countries around the world have growing mountains of,37,because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.,议论文,典例3,59/141,How did we,38,a throwaway society,？First of all，it is now easier to,39,an object than to spend time and money to repair it.,40,modern manufacturing(,制造业)and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and,41,.,Another cause is our,42,of disposable(,一次性)products.As,43,people,，we are always looking for,44,to save time and make our lives easier.Companies,45,thousands of different kinds of disposable products,：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.,60/141,Our appetite for new products also,46,to the problem.We are,47,buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that,48,is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we,49,useful possessions to make room for new ones.,All around the world,，we can see the,50,of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To,51,the amount of rubbish and to protect the,52,，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.,53,，this is not enough to solve(处理)our problem.,61/141,Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions,54,throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about,55,.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.,语篇解读,本文是议论文，主要讲是堆积如山垃圾给环境带来影响，造成这种现象原因及处理问题方法。,62/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法、立体逻辑法解答该题。联络下文,“,countries around the world have growing mountains of,rubbish,”,可知，堆积如山垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。,36.A.key B.reason,C.project D.problem,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,63/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法解答该题。依据下文中,“,because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before,”,可知，因为人们扔垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积如山。故选B。文章倒数第二段中,“,Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.,”,也是提醒。,37.A.gifts B.rubbish,C.debt D.products,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,64/141,解析,可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答
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