英语：句子结构--简单句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子概论,基本成分,附属成分,独立成分,省略成分,连接成分,简单句,并列句,复合句,主语：一般位于句首，常用名词或代词。,谓语：表明主语的动作或者状态，由动词充当。,宾语：,动作的承受者,。,通常为名词或代词。,补语：补充说明主语或宾语,状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分,。,通常为副词,主语 不及物动词 （,S+Vi,）,主语 及物动词 宾语,(S+,Vt,+O),主语 系动词 表,(S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,(S+,Vt,+,O.indir+O,.dir),主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,(S+Vt.+O+O.,compl,),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词,),、宾语及补语可以称为,基本句子成分,。,完整的句子一般至少包含,2,个基本成分，至多,4,个基本成分,。,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-,ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,直,),宾语,(,间,),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+,adj,V-,ing,/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+,adj,V-,ing,/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-,ing,/V-ed,clause,etc.,主语 不及物动词,She came,/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 主语补语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,简单句的基本句型,主语,+,连系动词,+,表语,A.,表变化的,:turn become get go fall grow,B.,表状态的,:be seem appear,The cake tastes _.,good,C.,表感官的,:feel seem look sound taste smell,D.,表变化结果的：,become come prove turn,E.,表状态持续的：,stay keep remain continue,It comes,after a time.,easy,2.,主语,+,不及物动词,Tom died.,Great changes have taken place,.,注意几个,“发生”：,happen take place,break out occur,-,How old is she?,-,She has just turned,40,.,The play prove,to be good,.,fall ill/lame/silent/asleep,She turned,teacher,but her brother became,a,doctor,.,3,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,We study English.,We thought the plan over all the night.,We are living a happy life.,4.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,I gave him some money.,或,I gave some money to him.,5.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,We think the job,easy,.,We made him,monitor.,The teacher asks us,to read English more.,注意,:,省,to,The teacher letsmakeshave us,read English more,.,We,practise,writing in English.,(,形容词做宾补,),(,名词做宾补,),(,动词不定式,),(,动名词做宾补,),一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助,主谓宾结构,此结构为,:,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,其它成分,。,及物动词（,Transitive Verb,）后需跟有直接宾语，,它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，,作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句。,（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）,只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、,语态、人称和数。,我有一块表,.,他有一本书,.,他们有自行车,.,昨天他买了一台电脑,.,I have a watch.,He has a book.,They have bikes.,They bought a computer yesterday.,1.,你英语讲得很好,.,2.,他非常喜欢英语,.,3.,我们正在植树,.,*,4.,小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信,.,5.,老师今下午将参加我们的班会,.,You speak English very well.,He likes English very much.,We are planting trees.,Xiao Ming received a letter from America last month.,The teacher is going to join in our class meeting this afternoon.,一,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,名词,/,代词,+,状语,.,6,昨晚我写了一封信。,7,这本书他读过多次了。,8,他们成功地完成了计划。,9,那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,10,Jim,还不会自己穿衣服。,I wrote a letter last night.,He has read this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,Jim cannot dress himself.,He brings me cookies every day.,二,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,(,人,)+,直接宾语,(,物,),用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着某人,。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，,表示,为了某人，替某人,(buy,do,make,draw),。,She made a beautiful dress for me.,但若要,先说出,直接宾语（事物），,后说,间接宾（人）,则要借助于介词,to,或,for,。,如：,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助,to,的）,:1,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等；,（需借助,for,的,:,）,2,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,11.,父亲将为我买个随身听,.,12.,他已把真相告诉我,.,13.,你能借我,5,元钱吗,?,14.Johnson,先生去年教我们德语。,15,奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,My father will buy me a walkman.,He has told me the truth.,Can you lend me five,yuan,?,Mr,Johnson taught us German last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,16.,请把那本字典递给我好吗？,17.,他把车票给列车员看。,18.,我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,19.,新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,20.,他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the conductor the ticket,Shall I call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a lot of,labour,.,He bought his mother a new coat with his,first months salary.,三,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,动名词,只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：,resist,、,mind,、,suggest,、,delay,、,keep on,look forward to,、,enjoy,、,include,、,appreciate,、,imagine,、,practise,、,finish,、,succeed in,、,consider,、,cant help,、,miss,。,I have just,finished doing,my home work.,I,suggested asking,his brother for some money.,He,keeps buying,expensive maps.He must have more than 200 by,now.,21.,请你把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？,22.,我建议换一种方法试一试？,23.,我们应该经常练习说英语,.,24.,我已经打扫完教室了,.,25.,我禁不住大笑起来,Would you,mind lending,me your English Chinese,dictionary for a while?,I,suggest trying,it in a different way.,We should often,practise,speaking,English.,We have,finished cleaning,the classroom.,I,cant help laughing,.,三,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,动词不定式,英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多,.,常见的有,:,like,want,wish,hate,prefer,hope,manage,try,offer,start,ask,forget,promise,pretend,intend,begin,attempt,decide,desire,agree,learn,choose,expect,等等,.,Dont,forget to,bring your dictionary.,I have,decided to,give up teaching.,We all,expect to,see you.,26.,我们希望尽快见到你,.,27.,他假装没看见我,.,28.,你打算买下那座房子吗,?,29.,他们设法扑灭了那场大火,.,30.,那家公司提出给我校,5000,册书,.,We,hope to,see you as soon as possible.,He,pretended not to,see me.,Do you,intend to,buy that house?,They,managed to,put out the big fire.,That company,offered to,give our school 5000 books.,31.,我多想有一条那样的裙子,.,32.,这房子需要打扫了,.(want),33.,十岁以上的小孩需要买票,.,自行车需要修理了,.(need),I,want to have,a skirt like that.,The house,wants,cleaning,.,The house,wants,to be cleaned,.,The children over 10 years old,need to buy,tickets.,The bike,needs,repairing,.,The bike,needs,to be repaired,.,forget,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,remember,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,regret,stop,try,mean,go on,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,忘记去做某事,忘记已做过某事,记住去做某事,记得已经做过某事,后悔,/,遗憾去做某事,后悔做过某事,停下来去做另一件事,停止做一件事,努力,/,试图做某事,尝试着做某事,意欲,/,想,/,企图做某事,意味着做某事,做完某事接着做另一件事,继续做同一件事,cant help,to do,sth,.,doing,sth,.,不能帮助做某事,情不自禁地做某事,35.,我们必须设法及时把一切准备好,.,36.,他们累了,因此停下来休息,.,37.,这意味着帮助你,.,38.,记得向你父母问好,.,我无法帮助做这件事情,.,40.,他后悔把那坏消息告诉了母亲,.,We must,try to get,everything ready in time.,They were tired so they,stopped to have,a rest.,This,means helping,you.,Please,remember to give,my regards to your parents.,We,cant help to,do it.,He,regretted telling,his mother the bad news.,41.,不知您能否帮个忙。,42.,我不知道他在哪个学校。,43.,我不知他发生了什么事。,44.,你能告诉我离这里最近的邮局在哪儿吗？,45.,我认为看太多的电视对你的健康不利。,I wonder/dont know,what happened to him,.,I wonder,if you can do me a favor,.,I dont know,which school he is in,.,I think,watching TV too much is bad for your health.,Can you tell me,where the nearest post office is?,四,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,从句,46.,她告诉我她去过北京。,47.,我怀疑他是否在说真话。,48.,我认为我们应花更多的时间练习口语是必要的。,49.,我们认为年轻人掌握至少两门外语是可能的。,50.,你知道他何时动身去香港吗,?.,She told me,she had been to Beijing,.,I doubt,whether he is telling the truth.,I consider it necessary that we should spend more,time practicing spoken English.,We think it possible that young people master,at least two foreign languages.,Do you know,when he will leave for Hong Kong?,