道教简介(英语).doc

Taoism is the native religion of China, it also be called Daoism or Taochiao.Taoism is Chinas traditional philosophyRepresentativeThe primary religious figures in Taoism are Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, two scholars who dedicated their lives two balancing their inner spirits.道教最初的代表是老子和庄子，两位学者献身于平衡内在精神。Totem The most mon graphic representation of Taoist theology is the circular Yin Yang figure. It represents the balance of opposites in the universe. When they are equally present, all is calm. When one is outweighed by the other, there is confusion and disarray. The Yin and Yang are a model that the faithful follow, an aid that allows each person to contemplate the state of his or her lives. 道教理论的最普遍图形表示就是阴和阳循环的圆形图像。它代表了宇宙中相反事物的平衡关系。当它们都平等地呈现出来，所有一切都会平静。当其中一个超过另一个的时候，就会出现混淆和混乱。阴和阳是信徒追随的原型，有助于让一个人去凝视他或她的生命状态。More a mode of living than an actual theology, Taoism asks that each person focuses on the world around him or her in order to understand the inner harmonies of the universe. It is a kind of religious system heavily focused on meditation and contemplation. The Tao surrounds everyone and one must listen to find enlightenment. 这更加像是一种生命模式，而不是真实的理论，道教要求每一个人都把注意力集中于他或她周围的世界，以致明白宇宙的内在协调。这是一种信仰体系，重重地集中于冥想和注视上。道围绕关每一个人，人必须倾听和发现启迪。ClassicsTraditionally, Taoism has been attributed to three sources, the oldest being the legendary Yellow Emperor, but the most famous is Lao Tses Tao Teh Ching. According to tradition, Lao Tse was an older contemporary of Kung Fu Tse (Confucius). The third source is Chuang Tses (untitled) work. 传统上，道教是归因于三个来源，最古老的是“黄帝”传说，但最著名的是老子的道德经。依照传统，老子是比同时代的孔夫子（孔子）年长的人。第三个来源就是庄子的作品。But the original source of Taoism is said to be the ancient I Ching, The Book Of Changes. 道教的最初来源据说是古代的易经。The Tao was written in a time of feudal warfare and constant conflict. Lao Tzu was reflecting on a way which would stop the warfare, a realistic path for humanity to follow which would end the conflict. And so he came up with a few pages of short verses, which became the Tao Te Ching. This is the original book of Tao. 道德经是写在领地战争和持续冲突的时期里面，老子是思考一种停止战争的方式，一种让人类追随，会结束斗争的现实主义道路。因此，他写了几页简短的诗句，后来成为了道德经。这就是道德经的来源。ContentReverence for ancestor spirits and immortals are also mon in popular Taoism. Organized Taoism distinguishes its ritual activity from that of the folk religion, which some professional Taoists (Daoshi) view as debased. Chinese alchemy(including Neidan), astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, Chinese traditional medicine, fengshui, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines have been intertwined with Taoism throughout history.对祖先的精神和神仙也普遍流行的道教。道教仪式活动组织区分它与民间宗教,一些专业的道教(Daoshi)认为贬低。中国炼金术(包括Neidan),占星术,美食,一些中国武术,中医,风水,许多风格的气功呼吸训练学科已经与道教历史上交织在一起。Principles Taoist theology focuses on doctrines of wu wei (action that does not involve struggle or excessive effort ) , spontaneity, humanism, relativism and emptiness. This philosophical aspect of Taoism emphasizes various themes found in the Tao Te Ching (道德经) such as naturalness, vitality, peace, yielding (wu wei), emptiness (refinement), detachment, the strength of softness (or flexibility), and in the Zhuangzi such as receptiveness, spontaneity, the relativism of human ways of life, ways of speaking and guiding behavior. Taoism is a peaceful religion.道教理论关注的学说无为(“行动,不涉及斗争或过度的努力”)、自发性、人文主义、相对主义和空虚。这种哲学方面的道教强调各种主题发现在自知者明(道德经)如自然、活力、和平、“屈服”(无为),空虚(细分)、超然,强度柔和(或灵活性),庄子如感受性、自发性、相对主义的人类的生活方式,和指导行为的讲话方式。道教是一个和平的宗教。HistoryTaoisms origins may be traced to prehistoric Chinese religions in China. They are found in the position of the Tao Te Ching (3rd or 4th century BCE), or amidst the activity of Zhang Daoling (2nd century AD).道教的起源可以追溯到史前中国宗教在中国。他们发现在作文的自知者明(第三或第四世纪BCE),或在活动的张Daoling(公元2世纪)。 Laozi received imperial recognition as a divinity in the mid second century CE. Taoism gained official status in China during the Tang Dynasty, whose emperors claimed Laozi as their relative. Several Song emperors, most notably Huizong, were active in promoting Taoism, collecting Taoist texts and publishing editions of the Daozang. Aspects of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were consciously synthesised in the Neo-Confucian school, which eventually became Imperial orthodoxy for state bureaucratic purposes. The Qing Dynasty, however, much favored Confucian classics and rejected Taoist works. During the eighteenth century, the imperial library was constituted, but excluded virtually all Taoist books.老子收到帝国承认神学在二世纪中期CE。道教在中国获得官方地位,唐朝期间的皇帝声称老子作为他们的相对。几首歌皇帝,最明显的是Huizong,活跃在促进道教,收集道家经典,出版版本的Daozang。方面的儒家思想、道教和佛教是有意识地合成新儒家的学校,最终成为国家官僚目的帝国正统。清朝,然而,大部分青睐儒家经典和拒绝了道教的作品。十八世纪时,皇家图书馆是构成,但排除了几乎所有的道教的书。