英语音标学习入门.doc

音标入门讲解
一、元音
（一）单元音
（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick wish

[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel breeze deep free
seat beat lead tea eat reason
grief believe achieve
receive conceive
音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]
seat sit
beat bit
sheep ship
[æ]
发音组合: a
代表单词: cap map bad mad bank thank lamp

音标对比: [e] [æ]
beg bag
met mat
bed bad

[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven
marry any many
音标对比： [ i ] [ e ]
sit set
lift left
did dead

[ə ]
发音组合：a er or
代表单词：appear arise again alike a man a pen
teacher mother brother driver anger
doctor actor tutor famous jealous

（2）中元音：[ə:] [ə]
[ə: ]
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
代表单词：work worker worm
bird dirt affirm
term
burn surf
pearl learn

（3）后元音: [a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]
[ʌ]
发音组合：u o
代表单词：up cut but bus luck butter
monk onion

[a:]
发音组合：ar ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar
heart
half

音标对比：[a:] [ʌ]
fast fun
hart but
card cut
[u]
发音组合：oo u ou
代表单词：foot good cook took
pull full bull
should

[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool boom cool pool shoot
tomb group
blue clue rule truth conclude

音标对比: [u:] [u]
foot food
boot book
cool could

[ɔ]
发音组合：o
代表单词：ox on not cop rot hot lot
音标对比：[ɔ:] [ɔ]
sort dog
tort nod
short shop

[ɔ:]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词：talk ball hall call
door floor
law saw
bought fought thought tought
before ignore
caught naughty nautical
force born sort
warn

（二）双元音
（1）合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]

音标对比：[æ] [ei] [ e ]
at eight bed
bat bade set
lab late pen
sand same hen

[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight
cake fate snake lake make name
paid main
day may

音标对比：[ æ ] [ai]
bat bite
back bike
lamp line
sack sign

[ai]
发音组合：y i uy
代表单词：cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time
buy guy

[ɔɪ]
音标对比：[ɔɪ ] [ɔ]
boy boss
toy top
spoil stop
发音组合：oy oi
代表单词：toy boy loyal
noise voice point soil coin

音标对比：[au] [ai]
now night
cow kite
sound side

[au]
发音组合：ou ow
代表单词：house sound out noun
bow town now tower

音标对比：[au] [əu]
how hole
loud load

[əu]
发音组合：o ow oa
代表单词：host nose tone hole note
bowl know low own
boat coat
（2）集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə] [uə]
音标对比：[iə] [il]
here hill
fear feel
dear deal

[iə]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer deer
hear near fear
here

[ɛə]
音标对比：[ɛə] [aiə]
hair hire
fare fire
spare spire

发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair fair air chair
bear swear
dare hare
there

音标对比：[uə] [əu]
poor post
sure sold
lure load

[uə]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor
lure sure
tour

二、辅音
（一）爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ b ]
发音组合：b
代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book

[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend

[ d ]
发音组合：d
代表单词：do did does deer date dig doom
need bed climbed

[ t ]
发音组合：t
代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank tip
it meet cat fate tent boat
student stand stick
[ g ]
发音组合：g
代表单词：geese go gap get
big bag beg

[ k ]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car can cat e
kite sky keep
pick back

（二）摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]
[ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r]
[ v ]
发音组合：v
代表单词：vote vine vat vail very vase
leave five

[ f ]
发音组合：f ph
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall
telephone phonetics photo

[ð]
发音组合：th
代表单词：this that these those then than though

[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank
both tooth truth fifth mouth faith

音标对比：[θ] [ð]
thick this
theme than
teeth they
death these

[ʒ]
发音组合：s
代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure

[ʃ]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish
sure ensure
assure
machine

[ z ]
发音组合：z s
代表单词：zoo prize zeal
raise knees eyes

[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see
books dense mouse cups
face ice race price

[ r ]
发音组合：r wr
代表单词：race red rice rain right
free fry pray
wrong write

[ h ]
发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)
代表单词：hot home house horse hate high
whole who whose whom

（三）破擦音: [tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
[dʒ]
发音组合：j g dg
代表单词：jeep joke jew juice
gin change
jodge judge
音标对比：[tʃ] [dʒ]
charge judge
choice join
match page

[ tʃ]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check
catch watch

音标对比：[ t] [ʃ]
cheap ship
chose shoes
catch cash

[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream drag draw drink children

[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train tram

音标对比: [ tr ] [ dr ]
tree dream
try dry
treat dream
[ dz ]
发音组合：ds
代表单词：needs seeds spends

[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents

音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]
bets beds boys boards
seats seeds gloves grounds
nets needs stares stands

[ŋ]
发音组合：ng n
代表单词：sing song singer king thing
ink sink thank tank

音标对比： [ m ] [ n ]
home stone
theme thin
ment net

（四）鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some e dime
mother map moon

[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing
moon soon son gun thin run dine gain

（五）舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table

（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ j ]
发音组合：y
代表单词：year yes yet yard young you

音标对比：[ i: ] [ j ]
eat yet
east yes
eager yard

[ w ]
发音组合：w wh
代表单词：wait west way wet will wide
wheel what why when where while

音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]
wet vet
winter inventure
world voice
women visit
补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：

          a   e     i         o       u
重读开音节：[ ei ]  [ i: ]    [ ai ]    [ əu ]    [ju:] [u:]
重读闭音节：[ æ ]    [ e ]     [ i ]   [ ɔ ]   [ ʌ ] [ u ]
注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。
重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音
如: cake theme bike close consume
重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音
如: have bed sit love bus