高一英语上册知识点..doc

高一英语知识点总结(上册重点词组:1. fond of “喜爱,爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的 -ing 形式。例如:Hes fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗 ?He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for寻找I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语 , in order to 可放于句首 , so as to 则不能 , 其否定形式为 in order not to / so as not to. 如 :He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他 , 他 朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about1 喜欢,对有兴趣 = care forShe doesnt care about money.她不喜欢钱。2关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesnt care about other people.她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。3在乎,在意(接从句或不接任何成分These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如”,“像” ,是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目 , 像物理、化学。6. drop * a line 留下便条 , 写封短信7、 make yourself at home 别客气;随便;无拘束(1 If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝点饮料,随便一点。8、 stay up 不睡;熬夜(1 Ill be late home, dont stay up for me.我将回家很晚,不要等我了。(2 He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9、 e about 引起;发生;产生(1 How did the accident e about?这场事故是怎么发生的?(2 They didnt know how the change had e about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10、 except for 除之外(1 except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。 except 多用于引起同类事物中 被排除的一项。如:He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个,他回答了所有问题。We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天,我们天天去那里。(2 except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如:Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太,这辆公共汽车全空了。Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好,只是某些色彩有问题。(3但在现代英语中, except for也用于表示 except 的意思。如上述第一个 例子可以是:He answered all the questions except for the last one.(4 另外,在介词短语之前只能用 except ,不能用 except for。如: We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季,我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11、 end up with 以告终;以结束(1 The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12、 more or less 几乎;差不多;大约;大概;大体上(1 Ive more or less succeeded, but they havent.我差不多成功了,而他们没有。(2 Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、 bring in 引进;引来;吸收(1 We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。(2 He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14、 get away(from 逃离(1 The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。(2 I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼,可是它逃掉了。15、 watch out (for 注意;留心(1 Watch out! There is a car ing.小心!汽车来了。(2 Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16、 see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17、 on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等,常说 on the one hand on the other hand一方面另一方面I know this job of mine isnt well paid, but on the other hand I dont have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间。18、 as well as * (sth而且He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19、 take place 发生 take ones place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sbs place 或 take the place of * / sth代替、取代The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.20、 on fire 相当于 burning, 意为“燃烧; 着火; 起火”, 有静态的含意。 Catch fire 有动态的含意。Set on fire / set fire to 用来表示“使着火”、“放火烧”。 例如:Look, the theatre is on fire! Lets go and help.瞧,剧院着火了,咱们 去帮忙救火吧。21、 on holiday 在度假,在休假中When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。 holiday(holidays一般指“休假”Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。Ive already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。22、 travel agencyA business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and acmodationsfor travelers. 旅行社一种为旅行者提供细致的运输、旅行和住宿方面服务的 行业Also called: travel bureau23、 take off 1脱下 (衣服等 , 解 (除 掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱 下了湿鞋子。2(飞机起飞The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起 飞非常顺利。3匆匆离开The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车, 匆匆离开去公园。24. go wrong v. 走错路 , 误入岐途 , (机器等 发生故障25. in all adv. 总共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查询(如宾语为代词,则代词放中间Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。相关词组:look for 寻找; look after 照顾,照料; look forward to 期待; look into调查;look on旁观; look out注意; look out for注意,留心,提防; look over翻阅,查看,检查; look around环视; look through翻阅,查看。28、 run after追逐,追求If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子,你 一只也抓不到。29、 on the air广播We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。This programme es on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每 天在同一时间播出。30、 think highly/well/much of对评价很高 , 赞赏 , 对印象好He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。think badly/nothing/little/lowly of认为不好 , 好不在意 , 不赞成 , 觉得不怎么样I dont think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31. leave out 1 漏掉 You made a mistake Youve left out a letter “t”. 你出错了你漏掉了一个字母 t.2 删掉 , 没用 I havent changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也 没有删掉任何东西。32. stare at (由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴,睁大眼睛地凝视,盯着看Dont stare at foreigners. Its impolite.不要盯着外国人看,这样不礼 貌。比较:glare at (to stare angrily at怒视着这两个小男孩互相怒视着,随时准备开战。33. make jokes about 就说笑They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。have a joke with about 跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。play a joke on开某人的玩笑We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。v. joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的 英 .45. take over 接管;接替;继承what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当 继承。Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job. 我们的主席走了, 因此杰克将接管(他的工作。46. break down1 破坏;拆散Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻 据说和谈破裂了。2 (机器损坏 Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚 了。The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛 锚了。3 失败;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。4 精神崩溃;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。5 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。 47、 get on ones feet1站起来 ; 站起来发言2 (=stand on ones feet自立 , 经济上独立3 (人 病好了 , 可以起床了 ; (使 恢复 , 复苏 (指企业 48、 go through1 经历;经受;遭到These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战 火。2 完成;做完 I didnt want to go through college.我不想上完大学。3通过;批准 The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项 法案。Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。4全面检查;搜查They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行 李。45. take over 接管;接替;继承what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当 继承。Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job. 我们的主席走了, 因此杰克将接管(他的工作。46. break down1 破坏;拆散Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻 据说和谈破裂了。2 (机器损坏 Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚 了。The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛 锚了。3 失败;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。4 精神崩溃;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。5 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。 47、 get on ones feet1站起来 ; 站起来发言2 (=stand on ones feet自立 , 经济上独立3 (人 病好了 , 可以起床了 ; (使 恢复 , 复苏 (指企业 48、 go through1 经历;经受;遭到These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战 火。2 完成;做完 I didnt want to go through college.我不想上完大学。3通过;批准 The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项 法案。Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。4全面检查;搜查They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行 李。重点句型 :1. “So + be/have /助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是 倒装的,“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句,则使用 “Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词 /情态动词 +主语”的结构。例如 Hes tired, and so am I. (=I m also tired. You can swim, and so can I. (=I can also swim. She has had supper, and so can I. (=Ive had lunch, too . Tom speaks English , and so does his sister . (=His sister speaks English , too . A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I. (=I also went to the park yesterday. 2. “So +主语 +be/have /助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序, so 相当于 indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、 赞同或证 实,语气较强,意思是“确实如此”。例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B :So it was.的确如此。 (=Yes , it was. A :You seem to like sports.B :So I do. (=Yes , I do. A :It will be fine tomorrow.B :So it will. (=Yes , it will. 3. “主语 +do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中 do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my position on time and I did so.(=I handed inmy position on time. 语文老师叫我按时交作文 , 我照办了。4. So it is with或 It is the same with句型表示 “(的情况 也是 如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时,要表示相同情况,必须使 用本句型,不能使用 so 引起的倒装句。She doesnt play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.5、 There you are. 行了,好。这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如:There you are! Then lets have some coffee.除此之外,还可以表示“瞧,对吧(果然如此”的语气。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧!我就知道我们最终能找到的。6、 have some difficulty (in doing sth.干某事有困难;接名词时,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth. Do you have any difficulty (in understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗?She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。7、 have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握”,“对有某种程度的了解”He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、 Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。“ must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中, must , may , can 三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。 Must 意为“肯定”,语气很有把 握; may 意为“可能”、 “也许”, 语气把握性不大。 两者常用在肯定句中。 Can 意为“肯定”、“也许”,常用在否定句或疑问句中。 Must , may , can 三者用 于表示猜测时,其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式:1跟动词原形表示对现在事 情的猜测;2 跟 be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测; 3跟 have done表示对已经发生 的事情的猜测。例如:Helen is Lucys good friend. She must know Lucys e-mail. 海伦是露茜 的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He cant have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。9、 Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生,很有趣。fun “好玩,趣事”,不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词 a 。Youre sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩 得很开心。make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。 People make fun of him only because he is wearing such astrange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的, 滑稽的”。 He looks very funny in his fathers jacket. 他穿着他父亲的衣服,看上去很滑稽。10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea 许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。afraid 用法说明:1害怕人 / 物,如:be afraid of * / sth2不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sthHe is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3 担心会发生某事 , 如 : be afraid of doing sth或 be afraid + that clauseHe seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver.4 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时 , 用 Im afraid , 如 :Im afraid Ive got bad news for you.Im afraid I cant agree with you.11、 It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里 所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型,其中 to finish eating everything 是主 语, it 是形式主语。12、 I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意 .用 wish 来表示祝愿的结构是 wish * sth, 此外我们还可以用 may 来表示祝 愿 : May * do sth如 :May you succeed.13、 Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。Where 在这里引导的是地点状语从句,相当于介词 in/ at/ to + the place + where 从句 9定语从句,意思是“在地方”。 例如:Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪;事出有因。He lives where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。14、 Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致,他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。 Strong, proud, and united 为前置定语, 在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句:The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroesof Russia . 当主语比较短时,这类短语常常放在句首。15. Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语,在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通 常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有:manners (礼貌:He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼 貌。regards (问候 :Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父 母。16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.没四年,世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。“every + 基数词 + 时间 / 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间 / 距离”。 如:every five days (每五天 , every three hours (每三小时 , every ten metres (每十公尺类似表达形式还有:every fifth day, every third hour“每隔一天”的表达形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day.17、 Modern cellphones are more than just phones they are used as cameras and radios, andto send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是xx机它们也当 坐照相机和收音机使用,还可以发送电子邮件和上网。use A as B 把 A 用作 B 。 例如:In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代,人们 把石头用作耕作的工具。use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。 例如:In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代,人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。18、 The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是:无 论我们在何处或正在做什么,我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。1 seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj., 如:This problem seems plicated, but actually it is simple.这个问题看似复杂,其实很简单。seem to doI seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪儿见过他。 It seems that,It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。It seems as if ,It seems as if its going to rain.看来快要下雨了。2 no matter无论,不管,后面常跟疑问词引导的从句,其意相当于疑问词后 加 ever 。 如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no matter when=whenever例如:No matter when (Whenever I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat. 不管我什么时候遇见他,他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。No matter how (However expensive the cellphone is, Ill buy it because I need one badly.无论这手机有多贵,我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。重点语法:直接引语和间接引语1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般过去时改成过去完成时 He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, “I have lost a book.” (现在完成时改成过去完成时 Jenny said she had lost a book. Mum said, “Ill go to see a friend.” (一般将来时改成过去将来时 Mum said she would go to see a friend. 过去完成时保留原有的时态 He said, “We hadnt finished our homework.” He said they hadnt finished their homework. 注意 直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。 2 在直接引语变间接引语时， 如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修 饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如： Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.” Mary said her brother was and engineer. 3 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为 由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句。如： He said, “Can you run, Mike?” He asked Mike whether/if he could run. 4. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等 * (not to do sth.”句型。如： “Pass me the water, please.”said he. He asked him to pass her the water. 5. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用 “suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如： She said, “Lets go to the cinema.” She suggested going to the cinema. 或 She suggested that they should go to the cinema. 现在进行时表将来的动作 现在进行时表将来的动作， 谓语通常为瞬间动词。 e, go, arrive, leave, 如： start, return, stay, meet, get 等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时 间。 （1）用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。 （2）现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间 动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, e, start, return, get, arrive 等。而后者通常是持续性动词。 He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。 The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。 （3）用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的 状语。 （4）现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者