研一英语答案.docx

lesson1：
II. Vocabulary
A. Choose the best word from the four choices to plete each of the following sentences.
1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming munity.
A. straightforwardly B. notably C. virtually D. exceptionally
2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty (property).
A. predominant B. credulous C. inclusive D. sustainable
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments.
A. tough B. demanding C. diverse D .benign
4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice B. verification C. verdict D. punishment
5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable B. adverse C. beneficial D. consequential
6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage B. pursue C. abandon D. invoke
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.
A. regime B. hegemony C. plex D. federation
8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.
A. evolve B. constitute C. tolerate D. aroused
9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus B. constitution C. insistence D. promotion
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.
A. endangered B. domesticated C. indigenous D. extinct
B. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
point up by and large take in descent for good or ill
leave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay .. at the door of
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate puters for good or ill, in various areas of human life.
2. Moreover, it had bee clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.
3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.
4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (=i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.
5. This debate is important because it points up that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.
6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.
7. But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry, it was, by and large, also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.
8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such education, career structure, pay and conditions of servise and concentrate on manpower management.
9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.
10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.
II. Translation
1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable munities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large municative network, a strong literary and media plex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

lesson2

1.2002年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年 7月 1日美国教育部宣布有 8652所学校被列为 “长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。

2.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。
3.我们必须对公众负责，不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标。

4.一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出 “足够的年度改进” 就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。

5.教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene Hickok 也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod Paige已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说，即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。

6.Wooten说，“人很容易放弃自我，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？”

lesson 4：
II. Vocabulary
A Read the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. As the year progressed, the war in Vietnam undermined national unity, pelling the president and his advisers to spend much of their time explaining U. S. policy in Asia.
A. weakened B. stressed C. broke D. split
2. The picture was different from all the others. It consisted of a lot of discrete spots of color.
A. mysterious B. surprising C. separate D. bright
3. The preparation for the great military overseas operations entailed months of careful planning and preparation.
A. entitled B. required C. provided D. deprived
4. It was reported that a 19-year-old college student at Berkeley was taken from her apartment. And two days after the abduction a tape recording was sent to a local radio station.
A. burglary B. murder C. hijack D. kidnapping
5. Mott suffers financially and emotionally as his series of delusional get-rich-quick schemes goes bad.
A. expected B. extravagant C. dreamed D.drained
6. Then for a number of (a lot of) African Americans the strategy of the Civil Rights Movement was beginning to appear demeaning and even irrelevant.
A. degrading B. destining C. deviating D. descending
7. The member countries of the organization would act only with the sanction of United Nations.
A. punishment B. sustenance C. approval D. authorization
8. Miracles are instantaneous, they cannot be summoned, but e of themselves, usually at unlikely moments and to those who least expect them.
A. evident B. immediate C. inevitable D. hidden
9. The Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the cost to industry of pliance with the new rules could be as high as $ 1 billion a year.
A. following B. execution C. acplishment D. agreeableness
10. On the basis (base) of the law, the woman's right is absolute and that she is entitled to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time, in whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses.
A. pause B. plete C. expire D. stop
B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Ike each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
extraterrestrial jurisdiction to be sure pertain to follow suit
a measure of be bound by after all acknowledgment attest to
1. In the U. S. the FBI has the broadest jurisdiction of all federal law enforcement agencies. It is authorized to investigate all federal criminal violations that the United States Congress has not specifically assigned to other federal agencies.
2. Many Scandinavian words were introduced into Old English by the Norsemen, or Vikings, who invaded Britain periodically from the late 8th century on. Introduced first were words pertaining to the sea and battle.
3. At a conference on space exploration, a Moscow astronomer proposed that two intense radio sources might indicate attempts by extraterrestrial creatures to let their presence be known.
4. Little is known of the earliest inhabitants of England. A prehistoric temple found at Stanton Drew in 1997 attest to the early presence of an able people.
5. To be sure, some people may disagree, but that doesn't mean I'm wrong.
6. The first player to the left plays any card, and the rest of the players, follow suit.
7. He has not bee rich in business, but he has had a measure of success.
8. The representative of the United Kingdom argued unsuccessfully that such interference would only make negotiations more difficult; he declined to accept them or be bound by them.
9. I know he hasn't finished the work, but, after all, he is a very busy man.
10. The Clinton administration, reversing the policy of the previous Bush administration, supported acknowledgment of the growing North-South division of the world into rich and poor countries.
IV. Translation
1. The frequency of cohabitation, whether as a prelude to or as a substitute for a ceremony with legal force, has further undermined the concept of wedlock as a discrete and distinctive state. All of these challenges, however, were or are predicated upon a relationship that is heterosexual, fashioned upon the Adam-and-Eve template.
无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品，同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。不管怎样，所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的。
2 While the reports of individual abductions here on Earth for the purpose of reproductive experiments may rightly or wrongly be dismissed as delusional, the intent of the people of Earth to explore the universe in search of extraterrestrial life is a practical reality.
有报告说曾发生过外星人为了做繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件，但不论这些报道是否只是人们的幻觉，地球人探索宇宙寻找外星人却是事实。
3. As evidence, pet cemeteries exist where the last remains of loyal and loving pets have been interred with a measure of dignity and respect equal to that accorded to human relatives and friends.
证据是，有人为宠物修建墓地，埋藏他们忠实的、亲爱的宠物的遗骨，这些宠物就和人的亲友们一样获得尊严和敬意。
4. Why then, one might ask should not an individual choose to affirm the emotional attachment he or she feels for a pet with the formality of a documented ceremony in which the human particular promises to love and honor the animal panion?
尽管忠实于主人的宠物不能用言语表达愿意结成这种关系，但它们的誓言可以从见证宠物与主人间关爱和亲密联系的旁观者那里获得。
5. Though the devoted pet would be unable to verbally acknowledge its willingness to enter into such a relationship, affidavits could be obtained from witnesses attesting to the caring and affectionate bond between pet and owner.
提出异种间婚姻的可能性实际上意味着只要双方因明确的关爱之情和一生不渝的忠诚而休戚相关，那么婚姻作为从社会角度和心理角度被认可的关系就不一定仅仅限于人与人之间。
6. Rather, it is meant to suggest that the concept of marriage as a socially and spiritually sanctioned partnership need not be restricted to humans alone if the partners to the arrangement are bound by a clear sense of loving and lifelong mitment.
毕竟，这种结合不会给无生命物体带来多少法律收益。无论它能给我们增加任何收益，我们都已经拥有了这些物质财产。
7. Few legal benefits, after all, would accrue to inanimate objects from such an arrangement. And whatever benefits would accrue to us, we already have.
实际上，有朝一日，婚姻原本的概念也可能会成为失落的世界中语义学上的一个古董而己。
8. Someday, in fact, the original notion of marriage may seem a semantic artifact of a lost world.

lesson 5
II. Vocabulary
1. The demise of the industry has caused untold misery to thousands of hard-working tradesmen.
A. size B. expansion C. development D. termination
2. There were difficulties for her about making the whole surgery financially viable and eventually she left.
A. practicable B. sufficient C. deficient D. impractical
3. Learning some basic information about preparing and delivering formal presentations can help allay some of the fear involved in public speaking.
A. ease B. express C. prevent D. dispose
4. Whatever the cause, the incident could easily cripple the peace talks.
A. influence B. damage C. end D. plicate
5. Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster productivity, not stifle it.
A. retain B. repress C. crash D. abandon
6. He listened keenly to his guests, treated what he heard with plete discretion and never said a malicious word.
A. disheartening B. sympathetic C. harsh D. polite
7. After the summit meeting, peace reigned throughout the region once more .
A. emerged B. continued C. dominated D. resumed
8. There are many people who still find the act of abortion abhorrent .
A. shocking B. tolerable C. uncontrollable D. distasteful
9. The police have got the evidence to sue