苏教版初二英语上册短语知识点.doc

初二英语上册短语知识点1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next.用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 / be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般过去时动词加edgive sb Sth.=give sth to sb给某人某物 every day每天 write (it/them) down sth写下;记下 everyday每天的;日常的how/what about doing sth做.怎么样 each other 互相thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢回答:Thats all right=Youre wele=ThatOK= Not at allWhy dont you/why not +V原 为什么不help sb with sth在某方面帮助别人 help sb（to)do sth帮某人做某事 with ones help=with the help of sb在某人的帮助help oneself to sth请自用食物watch sb do sth看到某人做了某watch sb doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 （see, hear类似）remember to do sth记得要做某事 remember doing sth记得做过某事forget to do sth忘记要做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事wele back欢迎回来 new/this/next/last term新/这/下/上学期 give you some advice给你一些建议 make a mistake/mistakes犯错误correct spelling正确的拼 what else?=what other things? 还有什么a piece of advice 一条建议 follow /take ones advice采用别人的建议send sth to sb=send sb sth寄给某人 send for派人去请/取 send up发射 all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可数)/much(不可数) 许多sb spend some time on sth 某人花费时间做某事sb spend some time (in) doing sth 某人花费时间做某事sb spend some money on sth 某人花费钱买某物sb spend some money (in) buying sth 某人花费钱买某物 sth cost sb some money 某物花去某人钱sb pay some money for sth 某人支付钱It takes(took) sb some time to do sth 做某事花去某人时间 ask for 请求;要求 ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 a piece of一块enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue这些词语后跟动名词形式v+ing place sth in=put sth in 把某物放在里面 else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为elses。else修饰不定代词时放后。(something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,who, what,when,where)take a deep breath深呼吸 catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸 out of breath上气不接下气 wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 the number of 的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单a number of =many大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式(a large number of;a small number of)invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 find it+ adj to do sth发现做某事怎么样 try to do sth尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth尽力不做某事 try ones best尽某人最大的努力a group of 一组;一群 borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物lend sth to sb=lend sb sth借给某人某物 keep a time借一段时间practice doing sth 练习做做某事 e from=be from来自look for 寻找 look after=care for=take care of照顾look up 向上看;查阅 look like看起来像look at 看着 look on sb as把某人看作look forward to doing sth盼望;期待做某事 look over检查;翻阅look out当心;向外看 look through仔细查看be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为 be ready准备好be (get ) ready to do sth准备做某事;乐意做某事 translateinto 将译成take a message捎个信 leave a message留个信be good for 对有好处 be good at =do well in擅长于be poor at=be bad at=do badly in=be weak in不擅长 think of想起think about想出 think over仔细考虑四说:1 speak说语言 2 say说内容 3 talk与谁说 4 tell告诉;讲述四看:1 watch观看电视、比赛和表演 2 see看人、电影、医生、风景3 read看书、报 4 look就看 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read，电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch、observe细心观察，一时注意用notice。make+宾语+补足语(adj)使某人某物怎么样 make+宾语+do让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样 make friends with sb与某人交朋友hear of听说 hear from收到某人的来信 be bad for对有害it is+adj(of sb)to do sth (某人)做某事怎么样 It is+adj for sb to do sth write to 给写信 next to 在旁边do some concerts办音乐会 speak to sb和某人讲话say hello to sb 给某人问好 say bye to sb 向某人说再见show sb around somewhere带某人参观某地 learn sth from sb向某人学习choose the correct answers选择正确答案 correct the mistakes改错match with把和搭配起来提建议：1 why dont you do sth?=why not do sth? 2 How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3 You should /can do sth 4 can you do sth? 5 Lets do sth 6 Itsa good idea to do 7 would you like to do ? 8 Shall we do 9 Youd better (not )do sth回答:Thats a good idea/Thanks a lot/Great/OK/thats right/All right/Good idea/Sure现在完成时： 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与recently,ever,never,already,yet,just,before,still连用2 表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构：have(has)+过去分词eg：get into=enter进入 whats the price of=how much is 问价格dream about梦到 around the world=all over the world全世界 dream of 梦见 take off 脱下；起飞 land on/in/at 着陆stay with sb与某人在一起 stay at home呆在家里 stay in bed呆在床上take a seat=have a seat请坐 work out a problem解决一个问题fly to=go to .by plane(by air)坐飞机 all over China全中国drive to =go to by car开车 walk to =go toon foot步行去at the end 在结束时 at the end of在尽头/结尾 sell out 卖光have been to去过（现在不在那儿 have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）everyday English日常英语 before long不久 first price一等奖The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历 before long不久long before=soon=a little later很久以前 no problem没问题have a problem in doing sth做某事有困难 e ture实现invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 one day 某一天（过去或将来）invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地 some day某一天（将来）连系动词：一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were)；一感觉feel；一保持keep；三变bee,get，turn；四起来taste,smell，look, sound后跟形容词作表语。不定代词：somebody、some one某人 anybody、anyone任何人nobody、noone没人 everyone、everybody每个人 something某物 anything任何物 nothing没事 everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的；各种各样的by the end of 到末为止；不迟于give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会in the end =finally 最后；终于take a photo=take photos照相 cook sth for sb=cook sb sth 为某人做饭 （buy,make的用法类似）such+a/an+adj+单数名词=so+adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so) 交通工具的乘坐 take the/a+交通工具（to+地点）=goby+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in,自行车只能用on,其余的都可用in和on); walk to some where=go to.on foot fly to somewhere.=go .by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike drive to somewhere=go to by cara kind of一种 be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起take off 脱下 reckon=consider =regard =think考虑；认为be reckoned (to be) 被以为 reckon.as. 相当于regard .as.把当成 in the photo,在照片里travel abroad,到国外旅行 go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外sell out 卖光 sell to 卖给某人 sell well卖得好四个也： also 表肯定意义,be 后行前 too表肯定意义,用于句末either 表示否定意义,用于句末 as well 表肯定意义,用于句末go to sleep去睡觉 the price of sth某物的价格（形容价格用high,low）sell sth at a high/low price以高/低价出 have a wonderful time 玩得高兴would like to do sth=want to do sth 想要做某事would like sb to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事already早已，用于完成时的肯定;yet用于完成时的否定和疑问;just用于完成时just now=a moment ago用于过去时arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to 到达bring从外往里拿；take ,从里往外拿；carry无方向；fetch往返拿more than=over 多于 less than少于 alone,个体单独，独自lonely孤独、寂寞；也表示荒凉 most of. .的大多数a visit to 对的参观 on a visit to参观 for a visit 参观pay a visit to拜访 asas和一样 not as/soas不如so that如此以致于如果that后是否定,就可以用tooto转换,如果是肯定就用adj+enough(for sb)to do sthbe famous for 因面著名 be famous as以而著名prefer doing sth to doing sth=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事 prefer to 更喜欢 space station在太空站prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事return from a visit to 从访问返回 be named after 以的名字命名be proud of 以自豪 be up to sb由某人决定 up to 从事于、忙于show sth to sb=show sb sth把某物给某人看 on business出差在.的上面 1 over在某物上面、正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under2 on 在某物上面,贴着物表,反义beneath3 above在某物上方,高出,反义belowin the sky=in the air在天空中 by air=by plane坐飞机in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时none 用于三个及三个以上的全否定，反义为allneither两个都不，反义为boththe lastest news最新消息 share sth with sb与某人分享某物get on/along with sb与某人相处 get on well with sb与某人相处融洽hear about；hear of 听说 in fact实际上 the Hope Schools希望学校look after=take care of=care for照顾 drop out of school缀学take part in参加pay for支付 how long 多长时间 how soon多久get on badly with ,与.相处不好hear from sb.收到某人的信,电子邮件等 on the farm 在农场上in the last+一段时间、in th past+一段时间、in the recent+一段时间。这三个用于现在完成时because of因为 sell sth to sb=sell sb sth把某物卖给某人buy sth from sb从某人买到某物 buy sth for sb 给某人买东西get an education接受教育 take part in=join参加in good/bad health身体健康/不健康 care about关心,在乎take care 当心 how often隔多久一次 stop doing sth停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 dress /undressr+人put on/wear/take off+衣物 drop out 退出 drop in 顺便来访drop out of school 退学 point at 指着 point to 指向put on ones clothes穿上衣服 at home and abroad在国内外with the help of sb=wiht sbs help 在某人的帮助下without the help of sb无人帮助某人非延续性动词变为延续动词：buy-get/have open-be open join-be in borrowkeep die-be deadleave-be away e here-be here go there-be there begin-be onfinish-be over make friends-be friends get ready-be readyarrive/get to/reach/e-be in/be at/stay put on-have on/wearget up-be up可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用，非延续性动词的否定式可以和for /since连用.other其他的，另外的，别的 another另一个人或事物the other两个中的另一个 the others其余的，剩下的人或事物others其他的，另外的，别的人或物on earth 究竟、到底，可用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于notat alla fan of sb某人的迷 give a concert =give concerts举行音乐会sb at the age of=when sb wasyears old 某人在某岁的时候not onlybut also不仅而且(就近原则) classical music古典音乐 belong to属于 sth belong to sb物属于人across 从一定范围内的一边到另一边，在表面进行；through从中间通过或穿过,在里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;take sb around带某人四处走 go through Im（not）sure.我(不)确定make sb+adj使某人怎么样 make sb do sth使某人做某事a piece of music一首乐曲 hear of 听说 in addition to 除以外go on with sth继续做某事 be born出生 go on doing sth继续做某事die of 患而死,常接hunger,cold,illness,cancer内部原因die from由于而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因learn to do sth学做某事 learn from sb向某人学习Learnby heart熟记 learn ones lesson from 从中吸取教训反意疑问句1先断定,判断是否定或肯定,如有not,never,few,little,hardly, no,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定。2 后找动,观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did,had better用had。3 换代,主语定代词,三单用he,she,it,复数用they we。somebody、nobody类似的用they,和thing一起的用。4肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /wont you ？否定祈使句，用will you？5 Lets.用shall we? let us.用will you?6 在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中，但第二、三人称与主句保持一致。eg：I dont think you have done it ,have you? He doesnt think you have done it ,does he?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。7 回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定。give sb sth=give sth to sb 给某人某物 give a way to 对.让步give up doing sth 放弃 give out 分发 give in投降on the earth在地球上 bothand 既又（就近原则）neithernot 既不又不(就近原则) eitheror要么要么may be可能是 maybe=perhaps大概 In addition to除以外=besidesbut 除之外，常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除.之外(不包括)on holiday度假 of course=sure当然 all types of各种part time job一份兼职工作 on ones own独自 be led by由带领过去进行时: 1 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time,at yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。2 表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。结构：was/were+V-ing go on继续 go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事)go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事) go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过How is it going ?=How are you getting on/along?近况如何? by the river在河边 at this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候in a tree=in the tree在树上(外来物)on a tree =on the tree在树上(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑laugh at sb嘲笑某人 fall into 掉进、跌入 fall off 掉下来fall behind 落后、跟不上 fall in love with爱上 be careful 小心by mistake由于出错 at taht /this time在那/这时have nothing to do 没事可做 nothing strange没什么奇怪的take sth out of 把某物从拿出来 happen to do sth碰巧做某事感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)under the hedge在树篱下面 go down下去 think about 考虑think of想起，认为 think over仔细考虑 think out想出think hard 努力想、努力思考 What happened to sb?某人发生了什么事？be on 上演 go off熄灭、停英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”notuntil直到才(主句中常用非延续性动词)till/until直到为止(主句中常用延续性动词)something wrong with 出了毛病 lie in bed 躺在床上jump out of sth 从某物跳出来on ones way to someplace 在某人去某地的路上on ones way home在某人回家的路上fromto,从到 (V+ing)when,while,as的区别(当时候)When可与持续性动词连用,表示一段时间,也可与短暂性动词连用,表示时刻。主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When。While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态。如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While。as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展。wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用坏 cheer up 使振奋、使兴奋follow ones advice听从某人的建议 look into向的里面看stopfrom doing sth 阻止做某事 what kind哪种 a kind of一种all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的 walk along沿着走kind of =a bit=a little 有点 by mistake 错误地、无意地by oneself单独，独立地 by the way 顺便说 in feel tired感到疲劳墙的表面用on，墙的内部用 without doing sth 没做某事have something to do有事可做 have something to eat有可吃的东西have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 be tired=get tired累了no one一般不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答who。none 可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n 的一般问句。Nothing指物，动词用单数。被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词变法：1 主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.2 主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.3 主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主4 主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主5 主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make,hear,watch,feel,help,notice,observe,look at,listen to )变为被动时，后加to6. 主+短语动词+宾语,宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主7. 带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要将to后来动词变以被动8.被动语态的每种时态