初一下册英语知识点归纳总结.doc

精品教育Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 一、单词与词组Guitar吉他sing 唱歌,swim游泳dance跳舞,draw画画,chess西洋棋Join: 表示“参加，加入”，此处指参加社团或组织，成为其中的成员。 Join the army 参军 Join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 参加体育/音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部 乐器类+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano 非乐器类+ the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton （英式足球 / 篮球 / 排球 /英式足球，美式橄榄球/网球/羽毛球）、Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事 Be good with 与相处得好Be good to 对友好=be friendly to Be good for 对有好处 want to do sth /want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作；like doing sth. 强调经常性的爱好。两者都表示喜欢做某事，在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。 Tell: Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /not to do sth.告诉某人某事/不要做某事Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,饮料等)拿给自己/某人 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742Home:1. 表示动态概念。意思是“回家”，“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home 是副词，表示目的地。e.g. 1)When do you go home every day?你每天什么时候回家？ 2)He drives home after work.他下班的开车回家。 3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她经常在回家途中买些东西。 2. at home 表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的home是名词，表示具体地点。e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家吗？ 2)He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了。Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家Also 也，而且；较正式，用于肯定句，紧跟动词。e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能说英文也能说中文。Too 多用于口语，放在句末。 E.g. Me too.Either 多用于否定句，放在句末。E.g. He hasnt finished, either. 他也没有完成。Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示给某人看Show time 作秀时间，表演开始 talk show 脱口秀（美国脱口秀节目）Talk to sb 和某人交谈 重点句型Can you swim? 你会游泳吗？Yes, I can./ No, I cant. 是的，我会。/不，我不会What can you do ?你会什么？I can dance./ I cant sing. 我会跳舞。/ 我不会唱歌。What club do you want to join?你们想加入哪个俱乐部？We want to join the chess club.我们想加入象棋俱乐部。 Unit 2 What time do you go to school?一、单词与词组Run跑, brush v.刷：刷净 n 刷子, clean v.打扫；弄干净 adj. 干净的 exercise v&n 锻炼，练习， walk n&v 行走，步行. work n&v 工作 taste v.品尝 n.味道，滋味 usually adv.通常地，一般地, never adv. 从不，绝不 quarter n. 一刻钟，四分之一， forty num. 五十 Get dressed 穿上衣服, brush ones teeth 刷牙, eat breakfast 吃早餐, take a shower洗淋浴, do ones homework做作业, take a walk 散步 on weekends 在周末 lots of 许多 either.or 要么。要么 on school days 上学日 never 绝不 after dinner 晚餐后 at night 二、语法点时间连词：when=while 当时 then 然后 after that 在那之后 at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点 for breakfast/lunch/dinner睡觉go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap 午休，小睡一会儿 反：get up 起床 take a +名词 从事某项活动Time 表时间，不可数；表次数，可数。 Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来（含被动意味，但不能用被动语态） tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像eitheror二选一 neithernor 两者都不连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即 就近原则。e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是代词，不倒装 ； 表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是名词，要用全部倒装。e.g. Here it is! Here he comes. (代词不倒装) Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. （名词倒装）关于时间的问法(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home? 你几点回家？ I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家.这里when问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问What time is it now? 现在几点了？ or Whats the time? 几点了？Its 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 Twenty six past nine What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了？Its 8:36. Oh, Its 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。 -twenty four to nine What time do you get up? 你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 Half past .几点半 A quarter to 差一刻钟到几点 Need to do sth Need sb to do sth 需要做某事三、重要句型What time do you usually get up ?I usually get up at six thirty. What time does Rick eat breakfast. He eats breakfast at seven oclock.When does Scott go to work?He always goes to work at eleven oclock.Unit 3 How do you get to school?一、单词Train 火车, bus公共汽车, subway地铁, bike自行车, car小汽车, boat小船 , river河，江, year年, minute 分钟, kilometer千米，公里, sixty六十, seventy,七十 eighty八十, ninety 九十, hundred一百 , ride v.骑 n 旅程, drive v.开车 , live v.居住，生活 leave v.离开 , cross v.穿过，越过二，词组Take the train/ bus乘火车/公共汽车go by bike/subway ride a bike骑自行车driver a car 开车 think of 想起between .and . 在.和.之间Leave home/school 离开家/学校come true实现Be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事Be afraid + 从句 害怕Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事many students是单指学生数量多，侧重数量many of the students是指学生中很多一部分，强调部分too太 1. too much意为“太多”，+不可数名词/+动词。e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。 She talks too much . 她说话太多。much too意思是“过分，太”，隐含了过分而不恰当之意，much too+形容词或副词，不+动词。e.g.The question is much too difficult . 这道题太难了。 Youre walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。2.tooto太而不能.e.g. You are never too young to study.同： sothat太以至于e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat. =The river runs so quickly that people cant row a boat to across the river.三、重要句型How do you get to school?I ride my bike.How long does it takes to get to school?It takes about 20 minutes.It take sb some time to do sth 做某事花了多少时间How far is it from your home to school? Its about 40 minutes walk Unit 4 Dont eat in class一、单词rule n. 规则 rules hallway n. 走廊， 过道（hall+way） fight v. 打架， 争吵 （fighting, fights, fought, fought）习惯用语： have a fight with sb. 和某人打仗/打架 谚 ） Fight dog, fight bear. 一决雌雄outside adv. （反）inside dining n. dining room / dining hall 食堂 have to 不得不wash v. 洗 （washes washing ）loudly adv.大声地 响亮地loud adj. 高声的 （反） low Noisy 吵闹的 反 quiet 一、 词组 school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章.in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for迟到 listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do 不得不做 too many+名词复数; too much +不可数名词“太多” by ten oclock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末 go to the childrens palace 去少年宫 after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课三、句型 (1)Dont arrive late for class.(2)We cant listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)-What else do you have to do?- We have to clean the classroom.(4)-Can we wear hats in school?-Yes, we can/ No, we cant.(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school? -Yes, we do /No, we dont.(6) What are the rules at your school? 四、重难点祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。）Be型（即系动词原型be+表语其他）。如：Be quiet,please.否定句Dont + be+表语+其他。如：Dont be angry.）Do型（即系动词原形宾语其他）。如：Open you books, please.否定句Dont +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如：Dont eat in the classroom.）Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：Let me help you.Lets go at six oclock.否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：Let not watch TV.）No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：No smoking!严禁吸烟！ No talking! 不许交谈！No passing!禁止通行！ No parking!不许停车！Must与have to 1.must表主观看法，主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。3. 在否定结构中： dont have to 表示不必；mustnt 表示禁止。e.g. You dont have to (neednt没必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt（cant 不能）tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。On time 准时，按时。 In time 及时，迟早e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。 The train pulled in on time. 车准时到站。4. Arrive (in + 大地点)/ （at +小地点） 比较 get to +地点 到达某地5. 情态动词 must 必须一定 否定 mustnt 禁止 ，不必用 dont have to 或者 neednt6. On time 按时 in time 及时7. 比较 leave 与 forget leave 遗忘某东西在某地 leave sth + 地点短语 Forget 忘记某事物，记不起来了 反义词 remember Forget/ remember to do sth / doing sth 8. more 更多，又， 再 we have more rules at school.9. Relax ,relaxed, relaxing 10. Strict be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth 在某方面严格11. Keep + adj 保持某种状态12. Keep sb/sth +adj 让某人或某物保持某种状态 keep ones hair short 13. Keep sb doing sth 让某人不停做某事14. Keep sb/sth j+ 介词短语 让某人、某物呆在某地Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?一、 单词Panda熊猫 , zoo动物园, tiger老虎, elephant大象, koala考拉, lion狮子, giraffe长颈鹿, animal动物, cute可爱的, lazy懒惰的, smart聪明的, beautiful漂亮的, scary胆小的, kind和蔼的, Australia澳大利亚, south南方, Africa非洲, pet宠物, leg腿, cat猫, sleep睡觉. 二、 词组want to do sth .想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间kind of 有几分种类 a kind of 一种 (all) kinds of 各种各样的=various oflike to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with 与.一起玩Be made of 由。组成 have a look at 看。 Get lost 丢失，迷路 be in danger 处于危险中 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 三、句型与日常交际用语1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas?-Because theyre kind of interesting. 2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because theyre 3、-Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What (other) animals do you like?-I like elephants.5. This is a symbol of good luck. 的象征6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容记忆力好7 .- How old are you?=Whats your age? Im ten years old./Im ten.8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I dontmake of 与make from “由组成”make of 看得出原材料，物理变化；make from 看不出原材料，化学变化。e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙). The paper is made of wood. 9. students from Thailand来自泰国的学生10. Place with water and food 有水跟食物的地方 11. cut down sth/ cut sth down (如果sth是代词，只能放中间）Lets do sth , lets=let us 让我们做 人称代词用宾格 Lets 之后跟动词原形。Lets see the panda.我们看熊猫吧。 Lets go! 我们走吧！1. They meet (在学校大门口)2. Your coat (看起来) very nice. 3.Do you often come to school (骑自行车)?(写出同义句).4.Its time class.(同义句)5.Three of us (go)to school by bike.6. one of us (go )to school on foot.7. What time do you usually get up (在平日)? 8. The early bird (捉住)the worm. 9. He (很少)walks to school. 10. Maria sometimes (乘地铁回家).(两种方法表达) 11. They always (乘公交车去动物园)(两种方法表达) 12. We usually (走着去公园） Unit 6 Im watching TV.一、 单词Newspaper 报纸, use使用, soup汤, wash清洗, movie电影, just 刚刚 二、 词组do ones homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭；就餐clean the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天 thanks for+n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在学校 in the tree 在树上 read newspaper/a book 看报纸看书 write a letter 写信go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看电影 take photos 拍照wait for 等待；等候 TV show 电视节目 talk about 谈论e.g. What are you talking about? some of中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片 miss ones family Watch the race talk on the phone clean the room think about Make soup drink tea at home eat out on tv host family live with sb 三、句型与日常交际用语1.-What+be+主语+doing? 正在做什么？ -主语be doing 正在做某事2.-Here are/is例：Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family.3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure.4.-When do you want to go? -Lets go at seven.5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school.6.-Whats he waiting for? -Hes waiting for a bus.7.-Whats he reading? -Hes reading a newspaper.8. Can +do(动词原形) 可以e.g.You can see my family at home. 9. 电话用语中 我用 this， 你用that This is Jone speaking。 Who is that？10. Not much 没有什么事 不忙什么， 表示自己有空11. Any other + 可数名词单数形式 任何其他 。12. wish to do sth 希望做某事 四、语法现在进行时1)现在在进行时的形式：助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。2)现在进行时的肯定句形式：主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 例：Im watching TV.3)现在进行时的否定句形式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他例：They are not playing soccer.4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答：Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isnt/arent/am not. 例：Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例：What is your brother doing? 现在分词的构成： 直接加 ing 不发音的e，去e加ing 辅元辅重读闭音节，双写再加ing Unit 7 Its raining!一、 单词Rain下雨, windy多风的, cloudy 多云的,sunny晴朗的, snow 下雪,weather天气 , Moscow莫斯科 , Boston 波斯顿二、 词组play computer games 打电子游戏 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 on the beach 在海边 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 in this heat 在酷暑中 on vacation 度假 in picture 在图片里 around the world 世界各地 =all over the world be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 right now 现在 此刻 = now / at the moment be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed have a good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里 take a message for 给 .传话，捎口信thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感谢某人 call sb back 给某人回电话 write.to 给.写信someothers一些另一些 a group of people 一群人 sound like 听起来像look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事（事情的全过程） No problem 没问题 everyone后只接人不跟of, 相当于everybody; every one 后跟人或物，可跟of。e.g. Everyone is here. 每个人都在这。 Every one of the students likes the teacher. 每位学生都很喜欢这个老师。三、句型日常交际用语(1)-Hows the weather(+地点)? -Its rainy. /Its cold and snowing.(2)-Whats the weather like?-The weather there is very hot.(3)-Hows it going(with sb.)?某人最近怎样。/How was your trip?-Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good!(4)Thanks you for joining CCTVs Around the World show!(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? -Yes, she is/No, she isnt(6) There are many people here on vacation.(7) See you later./See you soon. 之后见/很快见(8) My phone isnt working. 我的电话坏了。 could you /can you/would you/will you please do sth.? 委婉的请求“ 请你.好吗？” i am so happy to see them again be + adj + to do sth 固定句型语法： Its hot in your country now, isnt it ? 反义疑问句 前肯后否，或者前否后肯 后面用简短问句， 情态动词/ be 动词/助动词 +主语？ Unit 8 Is there a post office near there?一、 单词Post 邮件，寄送, office办公室, police警察, hotel酒店, restaurant饭店, bank银行, hospital医院, street街道, near附近 free自由 enjoy 享受.乐趣 crossing 路口二、 词组post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 police station 警察局 next to 在.隔壁across from 在.对面 in front of 在.前面 betweenand在.和.之间 On/in a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右边在左边behind在后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near在附近go straight 一直走 go down(along)沿着.走 welcome to 欢迎enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事 have fu