小学英语时态总结.doc

小学PEP英语 四种时态总结一、一般现在时标志词：always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) never(从不) every(每一)行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时 动词只有第三人称后有词形变化，其他人称（第一人称：I, we；第二人称：you；第三人称复数：they、my friends）动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：1、多数在动词后加s playplayslikelikes ,2、以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es washwashes catchcatches dodoes3、以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es flyfliesstudystudies4、以元音字母加y结尾，直接加s buy buys5、不规则变化 havehas一般现在时基本用法功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 The earth is round.构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如：We study English.我们学习英语。句型肯定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + 其它成分 He is a worker. B.行为动词：主语+动词(注意人称变化) +其它成分 We like the little cat.否定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + not +其它成分 They are not students.B.行为动词：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分We dont like the little cat.一般疑问句：A.be动词： Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.B.行为动词：助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句A.be动词： How many students are there in your school? B.行为动词：What do you usually do on Sunday?一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 用法：第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is，其它人称用are。2.动词have的用法：第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如:注意事项 1.在英国，人们常用have got代替have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当have如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词do, does 如：I have a new pen . 否：I have not a new pen. (表示有) I have lunch at 12 oclock. 否：I dont have lunch at 12 oclock. (表示吃)二现在进行时：标志词：now, look, listen，Its+时间.现在进行时: 表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构：ambe is + 动词 ingare肯定句：主语 + be动词(am, are, is)+ 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 I am watching TV.否定句：主语 + be动词+ not + 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑问句：Be动词(Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + 现在分词（ing）+ 其他 Are you watching TV? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句 What are you doing？动词的-ing形式的变化规律：1.直接加-ing watchwatching cleancleaning2.以-y结尾的动词，直接加-ing studystudyingplayplaying3.以不发音的-e结尾的动词，先去-e再加-ing makemaking eing4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾字母，再加-ing cutcutting三、一般将来时的用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。标志词：tomorrow（明天），the day after tomorrow（后天），next （下一个），from now on（从现在开始），in the future（将来），soon（不久）等 结构：( 1 ) be（am,is ,are） +going to+动词原形 ( 2 ) will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形（打算）”=”will+动词原形（将，会）”Im going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.（be going to着重于事先考虑好 will 未事先考虑好）-一般不用考虑肯定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形. 主语 + will + 动词原形否定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形. 主语 + wont + 动词原形.一般疑问句：Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Will + 主语 + 动词原形? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句？注意：will 常简略为 ll，并与主语连写在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。 四、一般过去时标志词：yesterday(昨天), last (上一个), this morning（今天早上），ago(以前), before (在之前), in 2002(在2002年) 等用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed 如：watch-watched, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d 如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave句型：1、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is 变为was。 否定（was not=wasnt）are 变为were。 否定（were not=werent）否定句：在 was或were后加not一般疑问句：把was或were调到句首。2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句：didnt + 动词原形 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加Did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如: What did Jim do yesterday?（2）疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?附录：小学常用不规则动词过去式一、不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如： drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed） 4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： getgot，forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feedfed，meetmet 6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如： keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： breakbroke，speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold 9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： standstood，understandunderstood 10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如： cancould，shallshould，willwould 12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： ecame，beebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hearhi heardh :d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred 二不规则动词表原形 过去式 中文释义am was 是（表示存在、状态等）are were 是（表示存在、状态等）bee became 成为；变成begin began 开始break broke 打破bring brought 拿来；取来；带来build built 构筑；建造；建筑buy bought 购买；买can could 可以；能；可能；会catch caught 赶上（车船等）；捕获e came 来；来到cut cut 切；割；削；剪do/does did 做；干；行动draw drew 画drink drank 喝；饮drive drove 开车；驾驶eat ate 吃feel felt 感到；觉得find found 寻找；查找fly flew 飞行forget forgot 忘记；忘却get got 变得give gave 给；授予go went 去have/has had 得（病）；患（病）；有；吃；饮hear heard 听见；听说hide hid 隐藏is was 是（表示存在、状态等）keep kept 保持；使保持某种状态know knew 知道；了解leave left 离去；出发let let 允许；让lose lost 失去；丧失make made 使；促使；迫使；做；制作may might 可能；可以mean meant 表示的意思；作的解释meet met 遇见；相逢put put 放；摆；装read read /e/ 读；阅读ride rode 骑ring rang （铃）响rise rose 上升run ran 跑；奔跑say said 说；讲see saw 看见send sent 发送；寄；派；遣set set 放, 置show showed 出示；给看shut shut 关上（门、盖、窗户等）sing sang 唱；唱歌sit sat 坐sleep slept 睡；睡觉speak spoke 说；说话swim swam 游泳take took 搭乘；花费（时间）；拿走；带到teach taught 教；讲授tell told 告诉；讲述think thought 想；思考will would 将要win won 赢；获胜write wrote 书写小学英语语法（词性）总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级 二者比较，标志词：than最高级 三者以上比较，标志词：the 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：1.单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est talltallertallestfastfasterfastest2.以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st largelargerlargestnicenicernicest3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词，改-y为-i再加-er或-est busybusierbusiestearlyearlierearliest4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er或-est hothotterhottest5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful6. 以ly结尾的副词一般加more或most slowlymore slowlymost slowly7.不规则变化 good (well)- better-best bad (badly)-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-further many（much）- more most形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：比较级：1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + 形容词比较级 + than + 物体BI am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + 物体B.He studies better than me.最高级：1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级 + 比较范围（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.I am the tallest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词 + 副词最高级 + 比较范围（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.Cheetahs run fastest in the world. He studies best of us.表示两者对比相同：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as+从句This box is as big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one. I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级 练习（一）1.A pig is _ than a dog. wS_4 C|Y_ A. much heavy B. more heavierC much heavier D. more heavy _5S_wtDfj 2.Which is _ season in Beijing? JMD$_/Q) I think its spring. |!G_nH9 P A. good B. well C. best D. the best :Kh_EOpOK 3. The city is being _. ?_Fq1R6_ A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful I_7)=#a2 C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler _Z$N,#S 4.Which does Alice like _ , Chinese or Art? _9#yu_| _ CGG!J3FNz9 A. well B. best C. better D. much d_ _4.c3 A. the longest river B. longest rivers THzE_%_W C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers n_$.bVU 6.LiMing speaks Chinese _ better than me. _zS_V_o(a( A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much .#Sy!/=Zw 7.There are_boys in ClassTwothan in Class Four. #Dat_j_| J A. more B. many C. most D. best L- scB#m 8.Who has _ oranges now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? C1_$5S)r A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most QU),R+_zB 9.Mother is _ in my family. _-QHOBmJ,E A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more B0IB$jGU_ 10.No one is _ Lucy in the class. 4=_? k_b_ A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. as tall as A_R4W$_ （二） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ (三)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) 参考答案：（一）C D C C C D A D C D .bCl6V_7l. （二）longer longest wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer fewestmore brightly, most brightly worse, worstfurther,furthest more quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest unhappier unhappiest（三）clever lessOlder youngestCheapest the mostInteresting well, better, the bestHappier twice as expensive as二、情态动词情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。can 能够，会 may 可以 shall 将，要 should 应该 must 必须have（has）to 不得不 had better 最好情态动词的用法：情态动词肯定句否定句can主语 + can + 动词原形主语 + can + not + 动词原形may主语 + may + 动词原形主语 + may + not + 动词原形shall主语 + shall + 动词原形主语 + shall + not + 动词原形should主语 + should + 动词原形主语 + should + not + 动词原形must主语 + must + 动词原形主语 + must + not + 动词原形have（has）to主语 + have（has）to + 动词原形主语 + dont（doesnt）+ have（has）to + 动词原形had better主语 + had better + 动词原形主语 + had better + not + 动词原形情态动词疑问句肯定回答否定回答canCan + 主语+动词原形?Yes, can.No, cant.mayMay + 主语+动词原形?Yes, may. / Sure.No, may not.shallShall + 主语+动词原形?Yes, please. / All right.No, lets not.shouldShould +主语+动词原形?Yes, should.No, shouldnt.mustMust + 主语+动词原形?Yes, must.No, neednt.have（has）toDo (does)+主语 + have to +动词原形?Yes, do (does).No, dont (doesnt).had better三、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化，如下表：情况构成方法例词一般情况在词尾+sdesk-desks, apple-apples以-s.x.ch.sh结尾的词在词尾+esclass-classes, box-boxespeach-peaches, dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再+esfactory-factories, family-families以元音字母加y结尾的词在词尾+sday-days, boy-boys, key-key以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再+esknife-knives, wife-wivesleaf-leaves, life-lives以辅音字母o结尾的词有生命的+es无生命的+s以oo结尾的+spotato-potatoes, hero-heroesphoto-photos技巧归纳改f(e)为ve加s口诀（1）树叶半数自己黄 妻子拿刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像小偷逃命忙（2）常用不规则名词复数形式 foot-feet 脚 man-men 男人 woman-women 女人 tooth-teeth 牙 mouse-mice 老鼠 goose-geese 鹅 child-children 小孩(3)单复数同形 fish 鱼 li 里 jin 斤 yuan 元 mu 亩 sheep 羊 deer 小鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 means 手段单复名词同形：中国人日本人都爱绵羊 鹿和鱼.高频考点 man woman 作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式two men doctors 两位男医生 many women leaders 很多女领导(4)只有复数形式，没有单数形式trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 shorts 短裤 goods 商品 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋（5）常用不可数名词advice 建议 baggage 行李 bread 面包 rain 雨 steel 钢 gold 金 sand 沙 grass 草 glass 玻璃 oil 油 paper 纸 butter 黄油 salt 盐 beauty 漂亮 change 零钱 information 信息 smoke water 水 homework 作业 cloth 布 food 食品 money 钱 tea 茶 snow 雪 wealth 财富 furniture 家具 cotton 棉花 rice 大米 fruit 水果 milk 牛奶四、介词口诀：介词的用法早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和“一就”，on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。同类比较except，加for异类记心间。原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。since以来during间，since时态多变换。与之相比beside，除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。