when和while用法小结.doc

连词while的用法连词while的用法有好几种，使用时不可掉心轻心，它大数有以下几种用法：1、表示时间，意思是“当的时候”， while可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。我们在看电视时，她一个人在房间里读小说。 ，the telephone rang .他正在整理行装，电话铃响了。 ，she fell asleep .她听着收音机睡着了。While引导从句时，如主句和从句的主语一致，从句的谓语又含有be，那么从句的主语和be可省略，While后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。a. We are students while ( we are ) serving as teachers.我们一面当老师，一面当学生。b. While (he was )yet a youth he gained many prices.当他还是个青年时，他就多次获奖。c. She never dreams 她睡着时从来不做梦。d. Tom had an accident 在来这儿的途中，汤姆出了事故。2、表示对比或转折，意思是“而”，这时，While一般位于句中，如：Kate was dressed in green while Jenny was dressed in red .凯特穿绿色衣服，而詹妮穿绿色衣服。She likes singing and dancing while her brother would rather read novels , 而她弟弟喜欢小说。Young people are like the sun rising in the east while old people are like the sun setting in the west .年轻人犹如旭日东升，而老年人犹如日薄西山。a. She though I was talking about her daughter , in fact , I was talking about my daughter .(NMET95)A. whom B. where C. which D. while b. I do every single bit of housework my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then .04广西Asince Bwhile Cwhen Das 3、表示让步，通常用在句首，意思是“尽管”、“虽然”，如：While he had a handsome income, he couldnt afford to buy a piano.他虽然收入不少，但卖不起钢琴。While they are my neighbours, I dont know them well. 尽管他们是我的邻居，但我不了解他们。 ，I think they went too far.我虽然同情他们，但也感到他们做得有些过分了。 ，he was not loved.他虽然受到尊敬，但没有受到喜爱。 ，he is very strict with them .虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对学生们很严格。4、表示条件，意思是“只要”（=as long as）. While 可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。You dont have to worry while we are here .只要我们在，你就别着急。There will be life while is water and air. 只要有空气和水，就有生命。While there is life, there is hope.留得生命在，不怕没希望。5、“同时，也”.While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general readers.这本书受到学者的欢迎，同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。6、“趁着”. Make hay while the sun shines.晒草要趁阳光好。（谚）strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。（谚）While the roses are yet in bloom , will you come with me to see them?趁着玫瑰花还开着，你我一道去看好吗？1.I am going to the post office youre there ,can you get me some stamps ?(99)Aas Bwhile Cbecause DIf 2.the WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind .(2000) Aas long as Bwhile CIf Deven though 3. I know the money is safe , I shall not worry about it .(03北京)AEven though BUnless Cwhile DAs long as 4. We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station .(04辽宁)AEven though Buntil Cwhile Dwherever 5. modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(04浙江)AWhile BSince CAs DIf 6. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(04 湖南)AWhile BSinceCAs DUnless 7. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.(06 天津)Asince Bwhen Cas Dwhile 8. I really dont like art , I find his work impressive.07山东AAsBsince CIf Dwhile 9. In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their children .08四川Abut Bwhile Cbecause Dthough 10. the Internet is of great help ,I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it .(08湖南)AIfBwhileCBecauseDAs11.Are you ready for Spain? -Yes, I want the girls to experience that they are young.(08年上海) Awhile Buntil Cif Dbefore高考英语when 的用法命题走向与解题策略高考走向 When 的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是when用作关系副词来引导定语从句。综观近几年的高考英语试题，其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。一、When(at that time)用作副词1用作关系副词，引导定语从句起状语作用，既不能作动词的宾语，也不能作介词的宾语。译为“当时”相当于“介词at, in, on, during+which结构”高考考例 1. We are living in an age many things are done on computers.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhen (MET2003春北京单项填空)高考考例 2. You will see the day China will catch the highly developed countries.Athat Bwhen Cwhich Don when (1985全国)又如：I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together (NMET95短文改错)思路点拨答案是把when改为that 或 which，或划掉when.高考考例 3. I shall never forget those years I lived in the county with the farmers , has a great effect on my life .（1994年上海高考题）Athat ,whichBwhen, which Cwhich ,that Dwhen, who 比较：I shall never forget those years which I spent together with you .高考考例 4. Then the .great day came 43 he was to march past the palace in the parade .（接受检阅的队伍）.（NMET98完型填空）Awhere Bsince Cwhen Dtill 注意：When 还可以用作关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句。高考考例 5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year . for the first time in years their team won the World Cup .2000年普通高等学校春季招生全国统一考试（北京、安徽卷）Athat Bwhile Cwhich Dwhen 常考句型：There are times when There was a time when Gone are the days when.例如：There are times .有时我也不明白我为什么要做这个工作。It was the sort of morning .那天上午就是那样，事事不顺心。2用作疑问副词，引导名词性从句（the time when）.在从句中既作连接词，又作状语。Id like to know when they will let him out.我想知道他们何时放他出来。When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍悬而未决。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held . 他没说清会议于时何地举行。Fall is when fruits become ripe.秋天是果实成熟的季节。They are waiting outside for when they should be wanted.他们在外面等着，随时听候着指派。The time was when we were happy and gay.那时候我们无忧无虑。That will be when you are old enough.那要等你长大之后去了。高考考例 6. I remember this used to be a quiet village.AwhenBhowCwhere Dwhat (NMET93-29)思维拓展 7. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats the best jobs are.(2007浙江卷)AwhereBwhat CwhenDwhy 二、when 用作连词1“当时”用来引导时间状语从句。（at the time that）高考考例 8. Dont be afraid of asking for help it is needed.AunlessBsinceCalthoughDwhen(NMET2003单项填空)又如.She rubs her teeth with her finger (47) she wants to brush her teeth.（NMET95完型填空）AwhenBuntilCsinceDwhile注意：1. 当引导时间状语从句时，从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。高考考例 9. -When will you come to see me , Dad? （2003年春北京单项填空）-I will go to see you when you the training course.Awill have finishedBwill finishCare finishingDfinish高考考例 10. -When again? -When he ,I will let you know.Ahe comes, comesBwill he come, will comeChe comes, will comeDwill he come, comes（1985全国）思维拓展 When 表示某个具体的时间，所引导从句的动作或是与主句的动作同时发生，或是先于主句动作。When可指一般时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续性的动作。Whenever指的是“任何一个不具体的时间”。As 所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。While 只能表示持续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作。As或while可译为“一边一边，正当的时候”He entered the room the meeting was going on . 正当开会的时候他走进了房间。 she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. 她来的时候我会告诉她等你的。 Jim was reading, Jack was writing. 吉姆阅读的时候，杰克在写东西。 he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他讲话结束的时候，听众掌声雷动。I was walking along the road suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在路上走着，这时突然有人从后面拍拍我的肩膀。注意：2. 当引导时间状语从句时，状语从句的主语常常省略。高考考例11. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when . A )scolding B)to scold C)having scolded D)scoldedGenerally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(03上海)2. 即将、正要（at which time, and then）用作并列连词，用来引导并列分句。高考考例12.Were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started .（04北京春）AwhenBwhileCuntilDbefore高考考例13.He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.AasBuntilCwhileDwhen（2002上海高考题单项填空）高考考例14. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes I heard voices.AasBwhenCafterDwholeWhen 从句可能表示多种意义，这里它表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动，或罅了即将发生的情况。在这处情况下，主句常用进行式、完成式或“be about to do .”之类，我们来看下面的例题：例：I was about to leave the office when the telephone rang.高考考例 15. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave something occurred which attracted my attention .AunlessBuntil Cwhen Dwhile 3.“既然.”此时when 从句说明主句的理由或是一种借故。（since; considering that）高考考例 16. Why do you want a new job youve got such a good one already ?Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen (NMET1998 )又如：I cant tell you anything when you wont listen .既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。 How can I help when they wont listen to me ? 既然他们不听我的，我怎么能帮他们？4“如果；要是”此时when从句表示条件，意思上接近“在的情况下”高考考例 17. How can I get a job I cant even read and write ?AunlessBbecause Cwhen Dalthough 又如：Come when you are ready .如果你准备好了，就来吧。5“还没（刚刚）.就”此时表示主、从句的动作几乎同时发生。主句动词和过去完成时，从句动词用一般过去时。He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang.他刚刚睡下，门铃就响了。They had hardly for half an hour when she entered .=They had not talked for half an hour before she entered .他们才谈了不到半小时她就进来了。6. “虽然；尽管”(although) “本该可而/却”此时when 含有对比或让步意义。He walked when he might take a taxi .尽管他可以乘坐出租车，不过他还是步行。They have only three copies when we need five.我们本该需要五本，而他们却只有三本。7. When 还可用作并列连词“那时；然后”。(and at that time ) 此时when 前往往有“,”号。They are longing for New Year Day, when they can have a few days holiday .(when = and on New Years Day )他们渴望着新年的到来，那时，他们可以有几天的假期。They arrive at 6 , when we all have dinner. 他们六点到，那时我们大家一起吃饭。The Queens last visit was in May , when she opened the new hospital .女王上次来访是在五月份，那时她主持了这家医院的落成典礼。三、When用作代词（疑问副词），“什么时候，那时”（what or which time ） When were you living in Spain ?您是在什么时候住在西班牙的？Since when has he taught here ?她什么时候开始在这儿教书的？高考考例18. -My foot hurts terribly. doctor. Well , I wonder it has been like this.Asince when Bsince then ChowD when 19.The book was written in 1946 the education system has witnessed great changes .（2007年山东卷）Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when 又如：Since when has he been missing ?1. A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2005, many countries in the world paid close attention to this .Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 2.I rang you at about ten , but there was no reply . Oh , that was probably I was seeing the doctor .Awhen Bwhy Cwhat Dthat 3. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, people began to enjoy the advantages of this technology .Aand Bwhen Cwhich Dbecause 4. Bekoff has found animals sometimes try to hit or bite, especially they are playing with a weaker partner.A. if B. before C. unless D. when5. Well put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better.A. whichB. whenC. sinceD. and6. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park she was bitten on the leg by a lion.(04 上海)A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once7.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel I heard the steps.(06 湖南) A. whileB. whenC. sinceD. after8.He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.(06 辽宁)A. whyB. whereC. whenD. while9.I used to love that film I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.(08辽宁)A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although10. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.(08福建)A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where11.There were some chairs left over everyone had sat down.(08 四川)A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where12. go into the room the telephone rang.(NMET 1998)A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when13.Can I join your club, Dad? You can when you a bit Older.(NMET 1994)A. getB. will gotC. are gettingD. will have got14.The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET 2001)A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where3