科技英语点滴xiu.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,科技英语点滴,A,Glimpse of Scientific English,LIU,Lixin,liulixin67,3/6/2026,1,第一讲 概论,第二讲 科技英语构词法,第三讲 常见符号及化学式的读法,第四讲、英语“多枝多干”结构的理解与翻译,第五讲 科技论文摘要写作,3/6/2026,2,第一讲 概论,1.1,科技英语的概念,English for Science and,Technology(EST,),用英语阐述科技中的理论、技术、实验和现象等的英语体系。,词汇、语法和文体等方面有特点。,3/6/2026,3,1.2,科技英语的主要特点,1.,语法特点,四多,（,1,）词类转换多,e.g.,：,The,operation,of a machine needs some,knowledge,of its performance.,T,：,操作,机器需要,懂得,机器的一些性能。,3/6/2026,4,(2),被动语态多,在科技英语中约占,1/3,e.g.,：,Mathematics is,used,in many different fields.,People,use,mathemtics,in many different fields.,强调行为、活动、作用、事实,;,引起读者注意,;,简洁明了,3/6/2026,5,(3),后置定语多,e.g.:,However,the outbreak of World War,changed this situation dramatically.Firstly,in both Britain and Germany stimulus was given to those parts of,the industry,producing,chemicals,required for,explosives manufacture,e.g.nitric acid.,Producing,现在分词引导的短语作,the industry,后置定语,Required.,过去分词引导的短语作,chemicals,后置定语,3/6/2026,6,（,4,）复杂长句多,The chemical engineer must work closely with the chemist,in order to,understand thoroughly the chemistry,involved,in the process and to make sure that the chemist gets the reaction kinetic data and the physical property data(,needed,to design,operate,and optimize the process).,3/6/2026,7,2.,词汇特点,新词、缩略词不断出现；前缀、后缀。,3.,文章特点,结构严谨、逻辑严密、文体多样,论文、综述、实验报告、教材、专利、说明书等,3/6/2026,8,1.3,科技英语翻译标准,（,1,）信（,true,）,-,忠实,（,2,）达（,smooth,）,-,流畅、通顺,（,3,）专业术语正确,-,不说外行话,e.g.the iron and steel industry,the fluid of electricity,combine,3/6/2026,9,1.3,科技英语翻译标准,(,续,),例句：,Heat-treatment is used to,normalize,to,soften,or to,harden,steels.,The moment the circuit is,completed,a current,will start flowing toward the coil.,3/6/2026,10,1.4,翻译过程,理解,表达,校对,3/6/2026,11,1.5,专业英语与科技英语的区别与联系,区别,联系,3/6/2026,12,第二讲 科技英语构词法,一、科技英语词汇基本特点,1.,专业词汇（,technical words,）,准确标志科学技术专门领域的一定概念的词语。主要特征：,扩展性：化学词汇量超过,10,万条。,单义性：,3/6/2026,13,2.,半专业词汇,semi-technical words or,subtechical,words,不同学科，有不同的专业词义，如：,pencil-,光线锥、射束（光学）,colour,pencil-,笔型温度计（热学）,metal pencil-,焊条（机械专业）,pencil rocket-,小型火箭（气象学）,3/6/2026,14,3.,普通词汇,(non-,techical,words),通用英语中的常用词汇，在科英中占绝大多数。,科技人员习惯使用拉丁语派生词，以示高雅、正式，称,big words,如：,3/6/2026,15,二,、构词法,普通英语三种：,转化、派生、合成,科英还有：,压缩、混成、符号和字母象形,3/6/2026,16,1.,转化法（,conversion,）,词性的转化,water(n,.,水,)-v.,浇水,charge,（,n.,电荷）,-v.,充电,yield,（,n.,产率）,-v.,生成,square,（,n.,正方形）,-a.,正方形的,3/6/2026,17,2.,派生法（,derivation,）,加前缀,（,prefixation,）,和后缀,(suffixation),例如：“烷烃”用前缀表示,C,原子数，“,-,ane,”,为词尾构成。,同样：词尾,-,ene,、,-,yne,、,-,ol,、,-al,、,yl,分别表示烯、炔、醇、醛、基。,3/6/2026,18,3.,合成法,由两个或更多的词合成一个词,如：,副,+,过分,well-know,名,+,名,carbon steel,介,+,名,by-product,副,+,介,+,名,out-of-door,3/6/2026,19,4.,压缩法,1,）取词头字母,CAD,computer aided design,ppm,parts per million,rpm,，,r/m,revolution per minute,3/6/2026,20,4.,压缩法,(,续,),2,）将单词删去一些字母,flu,：,influenza,h,，,hr,lab,Kilo,Yr,CN,maths,3/6/2026,21,5.,混成法（,blending,）,smog=,smoke+fog,motel=,motor+hotel,positron=,positive+electron,modem=,modulator+demodulator,aldehyde,=,alcohol+dehydrogenation,3/6/2026,22,6.,符号法（,signs,）,&,#,￥,$,3/6/2026,23,7.,字母象形法,模式：大写字母,+,连字符,+,名词,如：,I-bar,T-square,U-pipe,V-belt,U-shaped magnet,3/6/2026,24,第三讲 常见符号及化学式的读法,一、常见符号的读法,+,plus,positive,-,minus,negative,plus or minus,3/6/2026,25,一、常见符号的读法（续）,*,be multiplied by,times,/,be divided by,over,=,equals(be equal to),is,3/6/2026,26,greater than,larger than,Co2+H+.On the conditions of the space velocity(LHSV)1.2;temperature 70,reaction pressure 1.0,MPa,the clay catalysts activities were better than the QRE resins for etherification when they were dried at 160.,3/6/2026,65,Abstact,:,The reaction mechanism of synthesizing,tertiamy,amyl methyl ether(TAME)with C5-olefines was discussed.Various kinetic models were analyzed in detail and the limitation of the normal models proposed was,summerized,.In the reaction system,surface reactions are the control steps.The reaction system shows high non-ideal because of the high polar of methanol.Methanol is highly adsorbed in the surface of catalyst.When derives kinetic equations,the concentrations of the reactants should be replaced by the activities.The method of calculating activities can be adopted UNIQUAC,UNIFAC or WILSON.It must be emphasized that,no matter which method is adopted,it need coincide with the method when derives the,equalibrium,constants.,3/6/2026,66,