It语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,.,careful,person.,Welcome to our class！,If you want knowledge,you must toil for,it,.,要想求知，就得吃苦。,.,careful,person.,The use of It,.,careful,person.,Learning aim:,You should grasp the usage of“it”.,us,1,.,It,s three years since he left here.,用于指时间,2,.,How far is,it,from here to the station?,用于指距离,3,.,It,was very quiet in the garden.,用于指环境,4.,.,It,s very cold today.,.,It,s 37 today,用于指天气等自然现象,5,.,I cannot help,it,.,没办法了。,“,Hows,it,going,？”“,well,，,not so good.”,用于笼统地谈论某情况,类似的：,make,it,take,it,easy,got,it,Impersonal pronouns,非人称代词,make it,（,1,）在口语当中相当于,succeed,，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例,Its hard to make it to the top in show business.,（,2,）在口语中相当于,fix the date for,，表示“约定好时间”例,Shall we meet next week,？,OK.We just make it next Saturday.,2.take it/things easy,相当于,Dont worry or dont hurry.,用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”,Take it easy,！,He will do it well.,3.It all depends/that all depends,在口语中，相当于,it hasnt been decided yet,，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”,Are you going to the countryside for holiday,？,It/That all depends.,4.Its up to sb.,在口语中，相当于,its decided by sb.,表示“由,决定，由,负责，取决于,”,Shall we go out for dinner,？,Its up to you.,Personal Pronouns,人称代词,用于指事物。,It,用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物本身，以避免重复。,1,.I cannot find my watch,；,I must have lost,it.,用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。,2,.,“,Where is the cat?,“,It,is under the bed.,”,They got a baby and,it,is very lovely.,用于上文提到的情况。,3,.He smokes a lot in bed and I don,t like,it,.,用于指人。,it,用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份：,4,.,“,Who is,it,？,”,“,It,s me.,”,Someone must have been here.But we,have no idea who,it,was.,5,.,指人时,It,与,he,和,she,的区别,当,it,用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用,he,或,she,。,I hear a knock at the door.,It,must be the postmen.,Jim is at the door.,He,wants to see you.,6.,指物时,it/one/that,的区别。,三者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：,It,是指与前面已提到的事物为,同类同物,，,It=“the(this,that,my)+名词”;,One,泛,指与前面已提到的事物为,同类不同物,，,one=“a+名词”,，,one,的复数是,ones,；,That,特,指前面已提到的事物为,同类不同物,，,that=“the+名词”,that,的复数是,those.,.I have a pen but Ive lent,it,to Mary.,.I havent a pen;can you lend me,one,?,(3).Pingtan weather is more cold than,that,in Fuzhou.,易 混 点,:,The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.,A.they B.it C.one D.which,2.Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet.,A.one B.ones,C.it D.them,3.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.,A.ones B.one C.that D.those,易误辨析题,:,it/one/that,B,A,C,a new house that the Parkers bought,a house,the air,4,.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made _ from some wood we had.(2004,全国卷,III),A.it B.oneC.himselfD.another,5,.There is only one watch of the type in the shop,so I want to buy_ for her.,A.it B.that C.oneD.this,6,.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.(NMET 1995),A.it B.those C.them D.one,A,D,B,it,的用法,一、,it,作指示代词,【,完成句子,】,用,one,，,ones,，,it,，,that,，,those,填空,(1),I cant find my watch.,You havent found _,？,If you want to buy a new _,，,I suggest you buy _ made in China.,(2),Weve got a big cup and two small _.,(3),The weight of an elephant is much greater than _ of a tiger.,it,one,one,ones,that,it,指代上文提过的事物,/,事件时，是,同名同物,，相当于,the,名词,；,one,指代,上文提过的单数可数名词,是,同名异物,，相当于,a,名词,；,a/an,形容词,one,等于,a/an,形容词名词；复数形式用,ones,that,后面常有后置定语，有,特指,意义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于,the,名词,(4),The books on the first shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf.,(5),The boy told his story and _,of the girl upstairs.,those/the ones,that/the one,复数名词用,those,，相当于,the ones,。,1.,Preparatory subject,形式主语,It is important to keep a healthy diet.,It is surprising that he is coming today,It+be+,adj.,+,to do/that,2,.,It is,no use/good,going there so early.,It is,a good habit,to get up early in the morning.,It is,a pity,that you can not go to the party tonight.,Its+,n,.+doing/to do/that,从句,3.,It is,reported,that 6 people were killed in that car,accident.,It is,known,that Taiwan is a part of China.,It is not,decided,when the meeting will be held.,Its+,过去分词,+that/,wh,-,从句,(said,believed,thought,reported,known,decide,）,4,.,It seems as if,it is going to rain.,It happened,that I had no money with me.,It appears,that he is terribly ill,It+V.(look,、,seem,、,appear,、,happen)+that,从句,/as if,从句,Sentence patterns,1,It+be+,adj.,+,to do/that,2,Its+,n,.+doing/to do/that,从句,3,Its+,done,+that,/,wh,-,从句,(,过去分词,：,said,believed,thought,reported,known,decide,）,4,It+,V.,+that,从句,/as if,从句,(,V：,look,、,seem,、,appear,、,happen),Translate the following sentences.,1.,据报道，又一颗人造卫星被发送到太空。,2.,他碰巧在街上遇见了他的老师。,3.,有人建议那个会议应该推迟。,4.,非常可惜，你昨天没有和我们一起去看这么好的电影。,5.,读书没有理解是没用的。,6,.,我们学好英语是非常有必要的。,Translate the following sentences.,1.,据报道，又一颗人造卫星被发送到太空。,2.,他碰巧在街上遇见了他的老师。,3.,有人建议那个会议应该推迟。,4.,非常可惜，你昨天没有和我们一起去看这么好的电影。,It is reported that another man-made,satellite has,been sent into,space.,It happened that he met his teacher in the street.,It is suggested that the meeting,（,should,）,be put off.,It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film with,us yesterday.,5.,读书没有理解是没用的。,6,.,我们学好英语是非常有必要的。,It is no use reading without understanding.,It is necessary that we should learn English well.,误用形式主语的几种情况,:,Is _ necessary to tell his father everything?,A.it B.that C.what D.he,_must be something wrong with the machine.,A.There B.It C.He D.That,_is known to all,the earth runs around the earth.,_is known to all that the earth runs around the earth.,A.It B.which C.As D.That,_is difficult to persuade her to stay.,_is difficult is to persuade her to stay.,A.It B.what C.He D.That,C,A,A,B,在该用,it,作形式主语的地方而误用其他词,在不该用,it,作形式主语的地方而不要乱用,1.,基本用法：,We found it difficult to persuade her.,He make it a rule to get up before dawn.,They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.,I think,it,no use talking to him about that.,Preparatory object,形式宾语,当不定式,、,动名词,、,从句等用作宾语且其,后跟有宾补时,就应,在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末,:,当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用,it,作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。,e.g.I think,it,no use,arguing,with him.,我认为和他争吵没有用。,2.,作形式宾语。,I found,it,very,interesting,to study,English.,我发现学英语非常有趣。,He made,it,clear,that he was not interested in this subject.,他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。,2.,几种特殊的形式宾语：,由于,介词,(,in,but,和,except,除外,),后通常不能直接跟,that,从句作宾语,，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接,it,作形式宾语，再跟,that,从句：,I know nothing about him,except that,he lives next door.,You may,depend on it,that he will turn up in time.,Ill,see to it,that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.,She wont,like it,if you arrive late.,He,hates it,when people use his bike.,有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，,当它们后接,if,从句或,when,从句，通常应先在动词后接,it,作形式宾语,主要有,enjoy,，,like,，,dislike,，,love,，,hate,，,prefer,，,appreciate,等表示情绪的,动词,。,find possible,S+think +it +necessary +(for,sb,.)to do,sth,./that,feel important,Sentence patterns:,形式宾语,a rule,2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for,sb,.)to do,sth,./that,an,honour,3.S +V+it +no good +doing,sth,.,no use,Translate the following sentences.,1.,我认为每天打扫好教室是我们的职责。,2.,网络使公司更容易和客户保持联系。,3.,我觉得学好一门外语很重要。,4.,我认为和他谈是没用的。,5.,我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。,I think it our duty to clean the classroom every day.,The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep,in touch with customers.,I feel it important to learn a foreign language,.,I find it no good/use talking to him.,I hate it when people talk with their mouth full,.,