四级写作教程.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级作文,考试大纲对写作的要求：,详细规定了考试时间、作文长度、题目类型和写作内容,:,第一部分：写作，共一题，考试时间,30,分钟。要求学生写出一篇不少于,120,词的短文。试卷上一般给出题目或规定场景、或给出段首句要求续写、或要求看图作文、或给出关键词，要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。,短文写作部分的目的是“测试学生用英语书面表达思想的初步能力”,四级作文,四级作文题型：,现象解释型：,对比分析型；,问题解决型；,观点论证型；,应用文。,四级作文,现象解释型,这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文，说明文体裁。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。这类作文的基本模式是：,第一段：解释现象；,第二段：解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因；,第三段：提出建议或总结观点。,例：,2007.12,Directions,：,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following he outline given below:,1.,各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课,2.,学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课,3.,以我自己为例,四级作文,现象解释型,范文,What Electives to Choose,Nowadays,there exist a wide range of selective courses in college which are ready for the undergraduates to choose from.,These courses make the students college life more colorful.However,as for the purpose of choosing the selective courses,different students have different opinions.,Some students choose more selective courses just,to get more knowledge,so that they could be well-prepared,for the future job hunting,and,find a satisfactory job,.Some students just want,to extend their interests.,Some students believe that the knowledge in the text book is limited,thus they should choose more course in order that they can,enjoy,四级作文,现象解释型,a more colorful college life.,And the others have no definite aim but to finish their studies.,As far as I am concerned,I just want to learn more knowledge for my future life and job.And I dont care about the scores or the grade I would have got.I just want to be a man with sharp,vivid and imaginative mind with different knowledge which is not limited to my major.So I think more knowledge can make my future life easier and more interesting.,四级作文,现象解释型,a more colorful college life.,And the others have no definite aim but to finish their studies.,As far as I am concerned,I just want to learn more knowledge for my future life and job.And I dont care about the scores or the grade I would have got.I just want to be a man with sharp,vivid and imaginative mind with different knowledge which is not limited to my major.So I think more knowledge can make my future life easier and more interesting.,四级作文,现象解释型写作模板,Recently,.,描述现象，引起话题,What amazes us most is,表现较为典型的一个方面,It is true that.,对于现象做出的评论,There are many reasons explaining,承上启下,解释这一现象的原因,The main reason is,说明原因一,What is more,原因二,四级作文,现象解释型写作模板,Thirdly,原因三,As a result,.,讲述导致的结果,Considering all these,.,作者的态度,For one thing,.,观点一,11For another,.11,观点二,12In conclusion,.12,总结全文,四级作文,现象解释型,Writing Exercise,:,Directions,：,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled On Self-employment of College Graduates.You should write at least 120 words following he outline given below:,1.,政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业，对具有创新意识的开发项目给予一定的经济支持。,2.,产生这一现象的原因。,3.,我的观点。,四级作文,对比选择型,这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出自己的见解和看法，是四级考试中最常见的一种作文形式。这类作文的基本模式是：分三个自然段来论述。,第一段：论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的优点；,第二段：论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的缺点；,第三段：表明自己的观点。,在写这类作文时，特别要注意在对比的段落之间使用一些表示转折关系的词汇或句子，如：,however,，,on the other hand,，,in contrast with/to,等，使文章看起来流畅自然。,四级作文,对比选择型,例：,2006.12,Directions:,For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:,1.,许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会,2.,有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会,3.,在我看来,四级作文,对比选择型,范文：,The Spring Festival Gala performed,on CCTV on New Year,s Eve,as a form of,celebration of Chinese lunar New Year,has been considered,indispensable by all Chinese people for over two decades.,People are accustomed to enjoying the grand sight and sound it presents as a brilliant feast.,However,there are more and more people claiming to cancel it in recent years.,With the roaring development of economy,various mass media come out like the bamboo shoots after spring rain.As a result,more fascinating programs are available in the daily life.Moreover,the program at Spring Festival Gala has remained nearly the same from since it was born.,四级作文,对比选择型,As far as I am concerned,I prefer the program to stay,.Because it serves not only as entertainment but an occasion for the families to gather,chat and laugh.Of course,it is supposed to be improved to draw attention,with more diverse forms.,In a word,the Spring Festival Gala is a tradition and treasure of the Chinese people,and we still need it,maybe a better one.,四级作文,对比选择型作文模板,Topic:,1.When it comes to,different people hold different views.,两种观点的争论焦点,2.Some contend that.,观点一,3.For one thing,.,观点一的理由,1,4.For another,.,观点二的理由,2,5.In spite of all these claims,others maintain that,与观点一对立的观点二,四级作文,对比选择型作文模板,6.,They point out that.观点二的理由1,7.,Another instance often cited is that.观点二的理由2,8.,Its no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.小结论,9.,As for me,theres some truth to both arguments.引入自己的观点,10.,Its advisable to.个人的结论,四级作文,对比选择型,Writing Exercise,:,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:,1.,娱乐活动多种多样,2.,娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害,3.,作为大学生，我认为,四级作文,对比选择型,It goes without saying that there are a wide variety of recreational activities nowadays,which may cater to the needs of different people.Those who love sports can play football,basketball or tennis as they like;meanwhile,others may find more pleasure in playing cards or mahjong.,四级作文,对比选择型,While some recreational activities are beneficial,other activities can do harm to people.A case in point for the former situation is sports and games.These activities can help improve peoples health and mental well-being.Whats more,they can enhance friendship among people,just as the Beijing Olympics will do.On the other hand,if people prefer bad activities,they will have to suffer.For example,many people prefer gambling,and when they lose money,some of them will commit crimes.,四级作文,对比选择型,As a college student,I hold to the belief that we should engage in healthy and useful recreational activities and stay away from the harmful ones.Only in this way are we able to build a harmonious society in our country.,四级作文,问题解决型,这类作文一般为提纲式作文，多为说明文。,通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。,这类题型的基本模式是：,第一段：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义；,第二段：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；,第三段：针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。,此题型的写作重点在,How,，,即解决问题的办法。,四级作文,问题解决型,例：,2001,、,1,Directions:,For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview?You should write at least 100 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:,1.,面试在求职过程中的作用,2.,取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,四级作文,问题解决型,范文：,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,There has been a discussion recently about the interview.It is true to the present situation that the interview becomes indispensable in seeking a job,.For one thing,if a job seeker can make the best use of the interview and leaves a good impression on the mind of the interviewer,he may be lucky enough to get the job competed for by many applicants.For another,if the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview,he is unlikely to stand a chance.,As is known to all,there are,many ways,to make an excellent performance in an interview.,First of all,the applicant ought to pay attention to his appearance and manner of speaking.,Furthermore,he is supposed to display,his ability,especially,四级作文,问题解决型,his grasp of professional knowledge required by the position for which he is applying.,The last but not the least,a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence and a practical attitude toward the cause concerned.In brief,if the interviewee displays these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during the interview,the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on.,In conclusion,the job interview is indeed important.Wed better pay attention to the skills.,Accordingly,if the interviewee has made full preparations for it and given a fairly confident and honest performance,his or her success can be ensured.,四级作文,问题解决型作文模板,Topic:,1.With the of,，,.,问题出现的背景,2.So it is of great importance for us to.,提出问题,3.On the one hand,.,问题的后果一,4.On the other hand,.,问题的后果二,5.However,we have figured out many ways to.,提出解决这一问题的方法,四级作文,问题解决型作文模板,6.,Firstly,.,解决方法一,7.,So long as.,进一步说明方法一,8.,Secondly,.,方法二,9.,Thirdly,.,方法三,10.,In fact,.,提出解决问题的根本途径,11.,That is because.11支持句的理由,12.,In a word,.12总结全文,四级作文,问题解决型,Writing Exercise,:,How Can Laid-off Workers Find New Jobs?,1.,很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。,2.,如何帮助他们。,四级作文,问题解决型,The market economy has brought China both benefits and headaches,one of which is the problem of finding new jobs for laid-off workers.,There is no denying that serious social problems will arise unless this problem is properly solved.As a result,it is essential to explore ways to get laid-off workers back to work.,四级作文,问题解决型,Serious as the problem seems,we can find some solutions to it.,To begin with,priority should be given to the expansion of tertiary industry,(,第三产业,)because tertiary industry can create a great number of positions with few restrictions on age,education,skill,etc.,Also,little capital is needed to set up enterprises in this field.,In addition,the laid-off workers have to update their skills to meet the demands of the society,just as the old saying goes,“God helps those who help themselves.”,四级作文,问题解决型,Last but not least,they should stop relying on the state and throw away any worries about their“face”while,doing“low”jobs such as washing dishes at restaurants or sending newspapers to households.,Once the habit of dependency is cracked,then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving their living standards.,四级作文,观点论证型,这一类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁，通常是围绕某一事物或观点进行论证，有时以格言或谚语为议论对象，要求考生提供论据加以说明。,(,近十年四级考试中观点论证型作文共出现一次,),第一段：提出论点,第二段：例证论点,第三段：得出结论或表明个人看法或做法,注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白，不能含含糊糊。,例：,2003,、,1,For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.,1.,当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象,2.,诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实,四级作文,观点论证型,范文,It is well-known that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society.,For example,many people would spend a lot of money on a fake diploma in order to get a good job.And poor students tend to cheat on exams.Whats more,greedy advertisers may lure customers into buying fake commodities.Even such“decent”and famous figure as Liu,Xiaoqing,once considered as Chinas movie queen,has cheated the government on income taxes.,However,honesty is always seen as an important part of the human character.First of all,if you treat others fairly,those associating with you will certainly profit from your sincerity.,Meanwhile,a sense of trust builds up in their hearts,which,in turn,will earn you more true friends,.And that will,四级作文,观点论证型,benefit you in the long run,.Therefore,it is essential for everyone to maintain an honest attitude towards the whole society.,In a word,honesty wins trust,respect and honor.It pays to be honest.,四级作文,观点论证型写作模板,观点论证型模板一：,It is well known that (2)The truth of it is self-evident.,(3)No one can deny.(4)Therefore.,(5)Many examples can be found to prove.(6)Take as a typical example.(7)People _.(8)Further more.,(9)It goes without saying that.(10)Then.(11)There is no doubt that.(12)In conclusion.,四级作文,观点论证型写作模板,观点论证型模板二：,(1)It is believed that.(2)The truth is deep and profound.(3)As we know.(4),Conse-quently,.,(5)A case in point is.(6)This is close to suggest.(7)It is true that _.(8)In addition.,(9)All mentioned above tells us.(10)As a matter of fact.(11)There is no denying that,四级作文,图表类,图表作文是四级写作中难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样,。写作类型来看，文体多以说明文和议论文为主。,涉及,5,个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议。而每次考试只是从这,5,个方面的内容中选出,3,个结合在一起。,写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述，只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表时切不可凭空想象，要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。,第一段：描述图表中的基本信息，即数据的变化。,第二段,:,论述导致数值变化的原因。,第三段：描述对未来趋势的预测。,四级作文,图表类,图表作文常用句型,As is shown in the graph,如图所示,The graph shows that,图表显示,As can be seen from the table,从表格中可以看出,From the chart,we know that,从这张表中,我们可知,All these data clearly prove the fact that,所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即,The increase of.in the city has reached to 20%.,这个城市的,.,增长已达到,20%.,In 1985,the number remained the same.,1985,年,这个数字保持不变,.,There was a gradual decline in 1989.,1989,年,出现了逐渐下降的情况,.,四级作文,图表类,1,）,Describe the changes indicated in the table.,2,）,The reasons for the change.,3,）,Make predictions about the future tendency.,四级作文,图表类,What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xian from 1995 to 1999.The expenses on food have declined by 30%while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9%and 7%.,四级作文,图表类,There are two factors accounting for these changes.In the first place,the risen income resulting from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food.In the second place,when food presents no worry to the average,people begin to focus more of their interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of such a shift,spending on clothing and recreation increases year by year.,四级作文,图表类,From the analyses made above,with the further growth in economy and more changes in life style,the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.,