四六级写作.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2010,年,6,月英语四级考试写作审题和构思技巧,l,解题技巧,写作解题时间为,30,分钟，分为三步：,5,分钟审题和构思，,20,分钟写作，,5,分钟检查可能犯的错误。下面分步骤说明。,(,一,),审题和构思,事实上提供给写作的时间不止,30,分钟。一般来说，四六级考场会提前,5,分钟左右将答题卡一发到学生手里，大一点的考场甚至可能提前,10,分钟发卷。这,5,到,10,分钟不允许学生作答，但考生完全可以用来做作文部分的审题和构思工作。注意,审题一定要仔细，按要求写作，不得擅自改动题目，给定的提纲不得有遗漏，否则会按比例扣分。尤其注意，不要因为事先自己背过或练过哪篇相似的文章而死搬硬套。否则后果很严重。,如，,2008,年,12,月六级写作真题题目是,College Students Mental Health,，提纲为,1.,心理健康对于大学生很重要,2.,鉴于此，学校可以,3.,我们自己应该,”,而在考试之前,有,过一道类似的模拟题，题目为,“,Psychological Problems Among College Students”,提纲为,1.,很多大学生有严重的心理问题,2.,产生这些问题的原因,3.,如何解决这些问题”,可以看出，给的提纲是按照比较规矩的三段论来的，即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”。但真题的提纲并未要求考生分析问题，反倒有两段要写解决问题。有的考生因为看过或背过模拟题的范文，就直接照搬，导致了失分。,另外，,构思不是打草稿。并不建议学生练习写作时养成打草稿的习惯。,因为考场上时间有限，打完草稿再誊写很可能来不及。另外，更重要的原因是考场上不发草稿纸，一般也不允许往里带纸，难以找到打草稿的地方。,考生只要花三五分钟做一下构思即可，即想象一下每段大致写什么，可以记几个关键词,(,比如在准考证空白的地方,),提示自己，在接下来的二十分钟里面按照这几个关键词提示的内容扩展就行。,一般来说，要求不少于,150,词的文章最好写到,180,到,200,词，就句子数目来说，如果分三段，每段也就三到五句话，平均四句一段。那么整篇文章大约,10,个关键词就可以做好构思。以,2009,年,6,月六级写作真题为例。,Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.,1.,有人说名字,(,或名称,),很重要,2.,也有人觉得名字,(,或名称,),无关紧要,3.,我认为,构思第一段时，想到可以来一句铺垫的话，如“名字重不重要是个有争议的话题”，可以写下,controversial,或,topic,，作为关键词,;,下一句是“有人说名字,(,或名称,),很重要”，可以先写下,important,。再往后想,两条理由或例证,即可。,理由如“好名字容易被记住，因而可以给人来更多机会”,(,关键词,remember,或,opportunity),，和“按照传统理论起的名字可能会对人起到暗中庇护的作用”,(,关键词,tradition,或,shelter);,例证如“有人认为毛泽东伟大是因为名字就大气，,Bill Gates,有钱是因为他的名字可以表示钞票，姓表示很多大门，很多大门都来钱，所以有钱”。第二、三段情同此理。其实第一段想好了，后两段也就容易了。比如第二段可以将第一段的理由或例证反过来用，第三段可以总结或折中一下。字数还是比较容易写够的。,(,二,),写作,写作的过程当中，,要注意这样几条高分策略,。,字迹清楚，段落明朗,(clear),：字体不要太大，也不要太小，以行间距的三分之一到二分之一为合适,;,另外，大小要一致，不要忽大忽小,;,字母的倾斜方向要一致，不要东倒西歪,;,要抵着给出的虚线写，不能上窜下跳,;,总之，要给阅卷人清楚、工整的感觉。段落一般为三段，采用段首缩进式，即每段开头空,4,至,8,个字母的格，每段段首缩进的量要一致，要让阅卷人一目了然。,内容完整，紧扣提纲,(complete),：一般来说，六级写作都会给出三点汉语提纲，考生应严格按照三点写成三段。不要有遗漏，也不要随意改变提纲要点的顺序。因为阅卷人要在,30,秒左右的时间打出分数，所以不希望看到与提纲严重背离的作文。,首保正确，再求闪光,(correct),：这一条是最核心的，因为在写作时间和篇幅都比较短的情况下，考生写出的内容几乎是一样的，唯一的判断标准几乎就是语言的质量。要首先保证语法和拼写正确，哪怕用小词、短句也可以。有能力的话再追求闪光的词句。例如，有考生,在写,2009,年,6,月的作文时，写出了这样的开头句：,There is no denying the fact that the vital of name has been a hotly debated topic in China.,这句话是套用以往范文给过的句子，基本结构是对的，但有两处明显的错误。一处为,vital,，是个形容词，而这里应该用名词。作者可能想用一个牛词来替换,importance,以显示用词多样，结果弄巧成拙。另外一处错误为,name,之前应该有冠词,a,，其实题目中都给了，结果这位同学忽略了，缺乏基本的语法意识。,其实作文中常犯的语法错误除了冠词错误，还包括时态错误、名词和动词单复数错误、代词不一致错误、,词性错误以及句子主谓不完整错误。,下笔时一定要谨慎。篇幅关系这里不能赘述。,先总后分，连词用上,(coherent),：,这里说的是段落的结构和连贯性的问题。英语文章特别喜欢先总后分或开门见山的格局，另外，段落之间和句子之间的形式连接手段特别明显，即关联词用的很多。在写作的时候，,几乎就是把给出的三点提纲作为每段的开头句，然后再加上两三个扩展句即理由或例证句就可以了。,当然有时候为了论证自然或扩展字数也可以加上一点铺垫的句子。如,2009,年,6,月真题作文开头一句既可以是,Some people claim that names,are of great importance.,也可以是,There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.,然后再说,Some hold the positive view.,后面再加上两三句论证的话。论证句或扩展句之间最好有连接词，如,First,Second,Besides,Also,Similarly,In the same way,However,等等。,语言简练，论据得当,(concise),：不要啰嗦，不要过于重复和堆砌。有些考生背诵了一些经典的句型，为了凑字就全用上了，给人低层次的感觉。如最后一段用同学写道：,As far,as I am concerned,weighing the pros and cons of the arguments,I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view.,其实,As far as I am concerned,和,weighing the pros and cons of the arguments,用一个就行了。另外，尽管内容不及语言重要，但也肯定会影响分数的。考生应尽量平时多练，以期在考场上也能很快想到一些有力的理由和贴切的例证。另外，要敢于表达自己的思想，不要一味地为了保证语言正确而裹步不前，只说一些小学生的话。如有同学写,09,年真题第一段时写道：,Some people think that names are important.They say that,if a person has a name,we can remember him.If he does not have a name,we cannot remember him.,这样的作文倒是没有语言错误，但肯定也得不了高分。,(,三,),检查,其实考生应该在下笔写作的时候就谨慎，仔细，避免错误，但即便这样，错误也是会有的，包括语法和拼写错误，尤其对于平时缺乏练习的同学来说。那么就需要留几分钟通读一下，检查和改正。注意，,要改的是一些语法或拼写错误,，而不是作内容上的大的改动，换言之，,是改一些词或词组，而不是改整个句子或段落，,因为那样会造成卷面混乱，导致低分。要想避免内容上的错误，构思时就要想好，落笔时就要谨慎。还有改正错误要注意方式，尽量不要用涂改液或涂改带，以免有作弊嫌疑，也不要在一个词上涂画太多，影响卷面整洁。一般可以用一条斜线划掉错词，然后在其上方写出正确的，或者用胶带或刀片之类轻轻将错词去掉，然后在原位置写出正确的。,l,冲刺方略,即使到考前剩的时间不多，写作也是大有可为的。要做的事情有两件，一个是背，一个是练。,背主要是背范文，从实战出发，可以背模拟题的范文。背的目的有两个，一是掌握一些常用的经典句型，在考场上应急，另外是学习范文的思路和文章结构，以期为己所用。背不要贪多，一种类型的文章背一篇也就差不多。如果按课上讲的把作文分为五大类，那差不多背五篇就行。而且实在不能一字不差的背下来也不要太担心，背下大部分就行。其实，与背范文同样重要的是背诵一些自己在阅读里看到的比较有感觉的好词好句，那样可以避免与别人写成一样的。,练也是练模拟题，因为考过的写作真题再考的可能性几乎是没有的。数量大约,5,到,10,篇，也就是每种类型一到两篇。练的时候可以用背诵过的模板，但最好还是能用自己的话，不敢肯定的话可以写完之后去查查字典，实在不敢肯定的可以请教别人或使用范文的说法。其实练模拟题主要目的并不是为了押题，而是提高构思和英汉转换的速度，为了培养一批自己比较喜欢的好词好句。,l,附：,2009,年,6,月六级写作真题参考范文,On the Importance of a Name,1.,有人说名字,(,或名称,),很重要,2.,也有人觉得名字,(,或名称,),无关紧要,3.,我认为,There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.Some hold the positive view.They claim that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.,Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person“good”name may not be as successful as the name indicates.In the same way,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.,Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent.On the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a persons fate.Anyway,a persons success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.(186 words),6,月大学英语四六级考试写作训练题,(2),Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic,My Opinion on Campus Lectures,.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:,1.,大学校园里的讲座丰富多彩,2.,听讲座的益处,3.,你对在大学校园里听讲座的评论,【,范文,】,My Opinion on Campus Lectures,In recent years,more and more lectures are being given on campus.They are organized either by the departments or by the students unions with an aim to improve the students quality both mentally and academically.These lectures are usually in series and on different topics,such as arts,life,economy,psychology and world issues.,Generally speaking,the advantages of good lectures are various.First they broaden the students knowledge horizon and cultivate interest in different fields.Second,they make the life of the students colorful and enjoyable.,With these merits,lectures are just complementary and subordinate to our school work.If students spend too much time attending lectures,their regular study will be affected and disturbed.So,in my opinion,the students should,on the one hand,do their class work and homework well first,on the other hand,set as more time as possible to attend good lectures which are helpful to our life and study.,2010,年,6,月英语四六级考试作文预测及范文,The World Expo in 2010(,世博会,),英文作文,The World Expo in 2010,Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.(),ur,government,has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai,as a host city,will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai,I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.,2010,年,6,月英语四六级考试作文预测及范文,How To Be A Lovely Citizen,(,如何成为一个可爱的上海人,),Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai,I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First,I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second,I should obey seven,nos,and be good at learning from others.Third,I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.,2010,年,6,月英语四六级考试作文预测及范文,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic,Certificate Craze On Campus,.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:,1),近几年大学校园内出现“考证热”,2),产生这一现象的原因,3),你的看法,Certificate Craze On Campus,行文思路,本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第,1,点指出一种现象，提纲第,2,点要求分析产生这种现象的原因，提纲第,3,点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法，由此可判断本文应为,现象解释型作文,。,根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：描述近几年大学校园内的“考证热”,;,分析越来越多的大学生热衷考取各种证书的主要原因,;,阐述“我”对大学生“考证热”的看法。,高分范文,Certificate Craze On Campus,In recent years,getting a certificate has become a new craze among college students.1Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing,2quite possibly,you may get the answer 3that he or she is preparing for a certificate 2of some kind.4Why does this craze appear?,4,There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon.First,5it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates.With the admission expansion of colleges,a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market.How can one make himself more competitive?More certificates at hand,maybe.Second,diploma and certificates are still important standards 6by which many employers measure a persons ability.,In order to increase the qualifications for a job,the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.,7From my point of view,we should be more rational 8when it comes to certificates,9since certificates 2do not necessarily prove ones ability.Being crazy in getting certifications blindly is 10nothing but wasting time.To conclude,we should focus on improving our ability 10but not getting a certificate of no practical value.,【,亮点点评,】,1,祈使句使用恰当。,randomly,意为“随意地，随机地”。,2,限定词使用恰当，使文章表达更严谨，增强了说服力。,3that,引导同位语从句，修饰,the idea,。,4,设问句引出原因，容易引起注意。,5,强调句型，此处是强调主语。,6which,引导非限制性定语从句，充当介词宾语。,7,用于引出“我”的观点。,8“,当谈到或提及,时”。,9since,引导原因状语从句，表示既定的原因，常译为“既然”。,10“,只是，仅仅”。“而不是”。,佳句临摩,1.,佳句：,You may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind.,临摩：离婚率上升尽管令人难过，但却是不争的事实。,2.,佳句：,Diploma and certificates are still important standards by which many employers measure a persons ability.,临摩：在过去的三十年，发展中国家在许多方面都取得了很大的进步，其中包括健康水平的提高。,3.,佳句：,From my point of view,we should be more rational when it comes to certificates.,临摩：我认为，对于我们来说，更重要的是尽可能提高自己的能力而不是获得更多的证书。,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic,Students Pursuit for Famous Brands,.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:,1),现在很多大学生都喜欢追求名牌,2),产生这种现象的原因是什么,3),你如何看待这一现象,Students Pursuit for Famous Brands,_,行文思路,本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第,1,点指出一种现象，提纲第,2,点要求分析产生这种现象的原因，提纲第,3,点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法，由此可判断本文应为,现象解释型作文,。,根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：描述目前热衷于大学生追求名牌的现象,;,分析大学生热衷名牌的原因,;,阐述“我”对大学生追求名牌的看法并提出建议。,高分范文,Students Pursuit for Famous Brands,Nowadays many college students like to pursue famous brands.From clothes to mobile phones,even study articles like electronic dictionaries and pens,they 1are inclined to buy famous brands.2Moreover,many students from poor families begin to 3follow this consumption trend as well.This phenomenon has aroused wide attention.,4The following reasons can account for college students preference for famous brands.2Above all,in many college students eyes,a famous brand is a symbol of sophistication and taste.They expect others to admire their high class and good taste.2Whats more,in modern society,famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion,5which has a great attraction to young college students.2Besides,parents spoiling their children helps form their bad consumption habit.,2As far as I am concerned,6it is irrational for college students to pursue famous brands.3After all,most of famous brands are 7far beyond their consumption ability.3Besides,8it is not famous brands but a persons noble character that really makes him high class.3Therefore,college students should attach more importance to cultivating a good character 9rather than pursuing famous brands.,【,亮点点评,】,1“,有,倾向”。,2,过渡衔接词语，使文章条理清晰、意义连贯。,3 follow,表示“跟随，追求,(,趋势或时尚,)”,4,用于引出原因。,5which,引导非限制性定语从句。,6 it,为形式主语，不定式为真正主语。,7“,远远超出他们的消费能力”。,beyond,表示“超出,范围”。,8,强调句型，此处是强调主语。,notbut,连接并列成分。,9“,而不是”。,佳句临摹,1.,佳句：,It is irrational for college students to pursue famous brands.,临摹：对大学生来说，了解,2.,佳句：,In modern society,famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion,which have a great attraction to young college students.,临摹：在世界上或许没有什么游戏像赌博,像赌博的那么有害和危险了，它经常会导致一个人破产，还会玷污人的心灵。,3.,佳句：,Therefore,college students should attach more importance to cultivating a good character rather than pursuing famous brands.,临摹：很多同学经常玩电脑游戏，这是浪费时间，而不是一种有益的放松方式。,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese,：,1),简单介绍个人情况,2),说明申请助学贷款的原因、数额,3),保证会合理利用贷款并表明还款的决心,A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan,_,行文思路,本题属于情景式命题，要求写一封申请信。根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：简单介绍自己的情况，表明写信目的：申请助学贷款,;,说明申请助学贷款的原因、数额,;,保证合理利用贷款并表明还款决心，最后表示感谢。,高分范文,A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan,Sep 12th,2008,To whom it may concern,I am a freshman of,Lianhe,University,1majoring in Applied Physics.I am writing in the hope that I may obtain a bank loan to support my study in Applied Physics for the following four years.,My parents are both laid-off workers,so its 2beyond their power to finance me through the college education.3To make matters worse,my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation.4Therefore,5with the college tuition becoming a much heavier burden on my family,I am compelled to apply a RMB20,000 bank loan.,6I give you my promise that the loan would be used properly.4Meanwhile,Ill 7spare no effort to work hard both in the study and my future career in order to pay back the loan.I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted.And I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.,Sincerely yours,Song,Xue,【,亮点点评,】,1“,主修,”,，现在分词作伴随状语。,2“,超出,的能力范围”。,3“,使事情更糟糕的是”。,4,过渡衔接词语，使文章条理清晰、衔接紧密。,5“with+,宾语,+,宾补”的独立结构。,6“,我保证,”,，,that,引导同位语从句。,7“,不遗余力”。,佳句临摩,1.,佳句：,To make matters worse,my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation.,临摩：令人更迷惑不解的是，很多飞机都从大海上离奇消失了。,2.,佳句：,Therefore,the college tuition becoming a much heavier burden on my family,I am compelled to apply a RMB20,000 bank loan.,临摩：由于周围交通不便利，人们只得步行回家。,3.,佳句：,Meanwhile,Ill spare no effort to work hard both in the study and my future career in order to pay back the loan.,临摩：全国人民都不遗余力地支持北京举办奥运会。,