上外新编英语教程教案Unit_Eight_PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit Eight,Text I Why Nothing Works,产品为何失效,I.Library Work,1.The,Pomo,Indians belong to a North American Indian tribe that forms the second largest tribal group in California,U.S.A.The name“,Pomo,”comes from a suffix that the,Pomo,people add to many the people.,Pomo,words in their language.The,Pomo,womens fine basketry is the artistic triumph of,I.Library Work,basketry includes small masterpieces as well as large,colorfully decorated containers,and is considered among the worlds finest.,In the summer,Eskimos used two kinds of boats for hunting and travel.,1)The kayak was decked over except for,I.Library Work,a manhole that accommodated one person.Such craft had frames made of pieces of driftwood bound together.The frames were covered with,dehaired,sealskins sewn with waterproof stitching.,2)The,umiak,was a large,open boat made by covering a driftwood frame with split walrus hides or sealskins.,II.Organization of the Text,1.Murphys Law effect:the shoddy goods problem(Paragraph 1),2.Cause:human rather than technological(Paragraphs 2 5),Illustration:artifacts used by simple pre-industrial societies(2),II.Organization of the Text,The source of quality:social relationship between producer and consumer(3),Contrast:the wide difference in the quality of products made by the producer for himself or his kin and of those made for unknown users(4 5),III.Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1,attribute to:,regard something as belonging to,caused by or produced by,认为某事物属于某人，认为某事物由某人引起或产生,E.g.:This play is usually,attributed to,Shakespeare.,这个剧本通常认为是莎士比亚作的。,Paragraph 1,savant:,a person having great knowledge of some subject,专家，学者，博学之士,corollary:,an idea,an argument,or a fact that naturally follows something else,必然的结果，自然的结果,Paragraph 1,E.g.:Neither of them knew about it,and the,corollary,of that is that someone else revealed the secret.,他们两人并不知道这回事，因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密。,Corollaries to Murphys Law suggest themselves as clues to the shoddy goods problem:,Paragraph 1,From Murphys Law we may find answers to the problem of badly made goods.,shoddy:,of poor quality or badly made,劣质的；粗制滥造的,E.g.:,shoddy,workmanship,劣等工艺,Paragraph 1,until a decent interval has elapsed:,until a sufficiently long period of time has passed.The basic meaning of,decent,is“proper;socially acceptable,”e.g.,decent,behavior,decent,clothing.In this context,a,decent,interval suggests that the amount of time should be long enough for people to accept as proper.,Paragraph 1,elapse:,This word is used to indicate the passing of time,e.g.,three weeks/four months/two years have,elapsed,.,forestalling Murphys Law:,preventing Murphys Law from taking effect/operating,Paragraph 1,forestall:,prevent or defeat(a person or his plans)by acting first,（,用先发制人的手段）预先阻止,E.g.:Before he had time to explain what he proposed to do,his plan was,forestalled,.,The police,forestalled,the burglars attempt to break into the jewelers.,Paragraph 1,commitment:,(in this context)obligation or determination to forestall Murphys Law.Originally,commitment,refers to,the act of pledging or devoting(oneself)to a course of action(,承诺，许诺,),.,E.g.:The teachers,commitment,(responsibility)is more than imparting knowledge.,Paragraph 1,A person is,committed,if he devotes himself to a certain cause,e.g.,a,committed,educationist(,忠诚的教育家,).,Paragraph 1,do the trick:,(informal)to fulfill ones purpose or intention(,口,),有效，达到目的,E.g.:This medicine ought to,do the trick,(=cure the disease).,I need a piece of paper.This old envelope will,do the trick,!,我需要一张纸。这只旧信封正可一用。,Paragraph 1,I took four sleeping pills but even that wouldnt,do the trick,.,我吃了四片安眠药，但尽管这样也还是没有效果。,Paragraph 1,maintenance:,the act of keeping in good order/condition by regularly checking it,E.g.:You may be able to afford a second-hand automobile,but its,maintenance,may cost you a lot.,Paragraph 2,artifact:,an object that is made by man,such as a tool or a decoration,especially one that is of historical interest,E.g.:Various,artifact,s of prehistoric times were discovered during the excavation.,Paragraph 2,dispel:,remove(false belief,doubt,fear)by proving them wrong,E.g.:His encouraging words,dispell,ed all my doubts about my own inability.,we honor the label“handmade”:,we show respect for/think much of the tag which says that the article is made by hand,Paragraph 3,seaworthy:,(of a ship)in good condition and fit for a sea voyage,evoke:,bring forth,call up,cause something to be remembered or expressed,E.g.:The songs,evoke,d memories of my school days.,Paragraph 3,projectile:,an object or weapon that is shot forward,especially from a gun,or that shoots itself forward,抛射体，射弹；抛射的,Paragraph 4,parka:,a short coat with a protective cover,风雪大衣，派克大衣,Paragraph 5,the intimate sentimental and personal bonds:,the close/familiar emotional and person-to-person relationship/connection,Paragraph 5,wither:,become weaker or shrink.Plants,trees,flowers may all,wither,away,and so may ones hope,when one becomes hopeless.,the women and men involved in:,the women and men taking part in,be involved in:,be as a necessary part in,Paragraph 5,E.g.:Are you involved in your classs new project?,alienation:,a feeling of not belonging to or not being a part of ones surroundings,E.g.:The foremans haughtiness caused,alienation,from work among the workers.,Paragraph 5,sabotage:,intentional damage to machines,buildings,etc.carried out secretly to weaken a government,an enemy,or as a protest,E.g.:All attempts at,sabotage,must be mercilessly crushed.,Translation,1.The harsh reality of daily life dispelled all his hopes for a bright future.,2.Our sports meet will be postponed to next week because of the unpredictable weather.,3.Every visitor to this exhibition must show his/her identity card no matter who he/she is.,Translation,4.The renovation plan for the old city center is subject to the approval of the municipal government.,5.His hopes withered away after he had experienced one failure after another.,6.E-mail is so quick and convenient in sending messages that it may soon replace ordinary mail service.,Translation,7.The sight of the Great Wall evoked a sense of wonder in him.,8.The maintenance of quality-control instruments can be very costly.,