中医心理暗示.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中医理论应用过程中的暗示作用,The effects analysis of suggestion in the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory.,中国中医研究院广安门医院 汪卫东,Wang,Wei,-dong,Guang,An Men Hospital China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tel:[phone],The concept and characteristics of suggestion,The stimulations of suggestion are mainly come from two aspects:language and behavior.,一暗示（,Suggestion,）,的概念与特性,暗示对人构成的刺激主要有两个方面：即语言与行为。,Concept of Suggestion:For some sort of purpose,without any resistance,through some words,postures,expressions,behaviors or symbols,people can send out some information indirectly so that others can follow their opinion.,暗示：人们为了某种目的，在无对抗的条件下，通过交往中的语言手势表情行动或某种符号，用含蓄的间接的方式发出一定的信息，使他人接受所示意的观点、意见，或按所示意的方式进行活动。是社会和人际影响的形式之一。,暗示的特性有以下几个方面：,1,、隐喻性：暗示，顾名思义，催眠者是用含蓄的和间接的方式发放信息。,2,、,权威性：因为被施术者是不加批判地接受信息并按这些信息所示意的观点和意见去进行活动。,3,、,非理性：被施术者是不加批判地接受信息，这个过程中非理性的。,Some characteristics of suggestion:,1 metaphorical:the,hypno,-therapist send out the message indirectly and implicitly,2 authoritative:for the clients would accept and follow the message without any judgment.,3 irrational:During the whole process,the client will accept the information without judgment,4、局限性：,（1）,刺激的部分性或代理性：暗示语的使用与暗示过程中常常使用了以点代面、以偏概全、以此说彼、以东说西等语言和行为的刺激手段。,（2）,治疗对象的个体差异性：暗示过程及作用程度常与患者的个性特征、心理活动密切相关。,4 Limitation:,(1)While using suggestion,sometime only a specific aspect was mentioned but actually a much broader range should be covered.,(2)Difference between each individual:the process and result of suggestion is closely related with the personality and psychological activities of the client.,中医理论的产生过程与特点,The process and characteristics of the formation of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory,中医理论的产生过程,1,、经验性：起源于人类原始的医疗保健活动，并在人类与自然界的抗争中不断积累医疗实践的直接经验和间接经验。,The process of the formation of TCM theory,1 The theory was originated from primitive medical activities of human being,and was accumulated from direct and indirect experience during the struggling with nature.,2,、,解剖人体的直接探索，对人体结构、功能与各种生命现象的长期观察。这其中有合理的成分，也有不合理的成分。,2 Exploration and observation of the structures,functions and phenomena of human being.Some parts of it are rational while others not.,3,、古代哲学思想的启迪、渗透与直接导入（由宏观代替了微观，由抽象代替了具体）。,4,、,臆测与推理,-,中医理论的产生缺乏实验基础，也缺乏分析过程（非理性），因为有经验的积累、直接的观察得出的合理结论、哲学思想的启迪，但还有很多是古代医者的臆测与推理。如五运六气学说，有人即认为是把十二经脉与天干地支进行人为的相配而成。,3 Enlightenment and penetration of ancient philosophical ideas(microscopic aspect was replaced by macroscopic aspect),4 Imagination and speculation:during the formation of TCM theory,there were very few experiments and also short of logical analysis,so people would use their imaginations to fill in the gap between the fact and theory.,中医理论的特点,1,、,整体观念：,（,1,）,人是一个有机的整体（人的机体是一个有机的整体，人的精神与躯体是一个有机的整体）,（,2,）,人与外界环境（自然环境与社会环境）是一个有机的整体（人与天地相参）,Characteristics of TCM theory,1,Wholism,(1)The body of human being is a organic whole.,(2)Human being and environment are an organic whole.,2,、恒动观念：,是指在分析研究生命、健康和疾病等医学问题时，应持有运动的、变化的、发展的观点，而有可拘泥于一成不变的、静止的、僵化的观点。,2 The idea of perpetual motion:,Means while doing research on life,health and disease,we should opt a dynamic,mutative and developing point of view.,3,、辨证论治：辨证，即从分析疾病当时所表现的症状和体征来认识这些临床表现的内在联系，并且以此来反映疾病本质的临床思维过程。论治，则是根据辨证结果，确定相应的治疗方法。,3 Treatment according to the differentiation of patterns.Means analyze the symptoms and signs to identify the internal relationship between those symptoms so that a treatment can be provided.,我们可以分析上述中医理论的三大特点与产生过程，不难发现，中医理论具有其它理论不可替代的暗示特征：,Through analyzing the characteristics and the process of formation of TCM theory,we found that there are some,unreplaceable,suggestive characteristics in TCM theory.,1,、由系统性构成的暗示特征：,无论中医理论存在多大的缺陷，分析其全部理论的结构表明，在世界所有传统医学理论中它是最系统、最完备的，这主要得益于古代哲学理论的直接介入。这个远远背离医学本质的系统理论，由于有中国古代各种自然科学知识和人文科学知识的渗透其中，对于被治疗者而言，已经显得非常严密和科学，从而自然即能够使具有中国文化背景的人,“,不加批判地接受,”被患者,，从而对治疗者构成强大的暗示作用，无形中影响着就医者的就医心理过程。也能够被没能中国传统文化背景的其它民族的患者所接受。,何况中国文化正在逐步在世界范围内的传播。,1 Suggestive characteristics derived from the systematic structure:,No matter how big the demerit is within the TCM theory,it is the most systematic and mature theory among all traditional medical theories.Because of the involvement of all kind of natural science and human science,to all the clients of TCM,although the theory may already lapsed from science,it seems very scientific and rigorous.And they can accept it without judgment,thus formed a very powerful suggestion.,2,、由复杂性构成的暗示特征：,由于中医理论的产生和构成本身都是在一个复杂的古代自然科学和人文科学的巨大系统之中，其复杂性便可想而知。这种复杂性，也成为中医理论使用过程的巨大暗示作用。,2 Suggestive characteristics derived from the complexity:,TCM theory was originate from a macro system of ancient natural science and human science,its complexity is easy to be identified.The complexity can also perform some sort of suggestive function.,3,、由不可重复性构成的暗示：,由于中医理论的重要特点之一是恒动观念，便形成了在指导临床中的不确定性与不可重复性，从而形成了中医从古到今都非常倾向于所谓的个体化诊疗目标。,3,Unreproductibility,:,Due to the idea of perpetual motion,the uncertainty and,unreproductibility,in clinical work are inevitable,thus formed the individualized treatment.,4,、由隐晦性构成的暗示：,不可避免带来神秘色彩，古文、古哲学、古天文学、古地理学、古预测学等等，所有古代文化都渗透于中医当中，常给人以一种高深莫测的感觉，其权威性由此而生（古代哲学理论对中医学学说的直接导入）,4 Insinuative:,The theory of TCM covered a wide range of traditional culture,including:ancient literature,ancient philosophy,ancient astronomy,ancient geography etc.These would lead to a enigmatical feeling,and the authority of the theory was achieved.,5,、传统性：（即悠久的历史）,6,、临床部分实效性：,7,、现代人的,“,现代化,”,诠释：,现代中医对传统中医不断加以,“,现代化,”,诠释，给人一种,“,科学,”,甚至现代科学都无以解释的感觉，更加强化了中医理论在临床使用中的暗示作用。,5 Traditional,6 Clinical effect,7 Modern explanation of the theory:,Nowadays,TCM practitioners are keep looking for modernized explanations for the traditional theory,making the theory looks more scientific.This reinforced the suggestive function of TCM theory.,从中医理论的内容来看其蕴含着的心理暗示作用,The suggestive function contained in the content of TCM theory,1,、阴阳五行：,中医学的哲学指导是阴阳五行学说，虽然它有一定的唯物论和辨证法的思想，但它是属于自然哲学的范畴。,“,这种自然哲学倾向用哲学的概念和理论演绎出医学的结论。在科学本身不发达的年代里，为了描绘一幅人体及其健康与疾病的总图画需要用,理想的、幻想的联系来代替尚未知道的现实的联系，用臆想来补充缺少的事实，用纯粹的想象来填补现实的空白,。,”,这种倾向在中医学的一般理论层次（如对人体、疾病等的总观点）和具体医学理论层次上得到了充分的体现。当中医学从巫术中脱胎而成为医学便具有了至高无上的权威性，作为说理工具的中医理论便自然产生了对人的极大暗示性。,1 Yin Yang and five element theory,The philosophical guideline of TCM is Yin Yang and five element theory,although there are some materialistic and dialectic aspects,it belongs to natural philosophy category.One of the incline of natural philosophy is deducing medical conclusion with philosophical concept and theory.In the primitive era,it is necessary to draw out the plot of health and disease with the help of natural philosophy,to fill the blank of unknown facts and theories with imaginations.but science can not be established upon imagination,it weakened its effect in clinical work.,2,、藏象学说：,是中医基础理论的核心组成部分，具有极其重要的意义。它虽有一定的解剖学基础，但它并不是建立在解剖学的观察之上的。因此它不能客观地反映人体结构。恩格斯指出：,“,没有解剖学就没有医学。,”,那么脏象学说反映了人体生理、病理状况了吗？显然也没有，结构决定功能，既然不能正确地反映结构，也就不能正确地反映功能。这么复杂的中医脏像学说，又没有反映临床实质，显然其对临床的指导作用是有限，可能其暗示作用远大于其临床指导作用。,2,Organ theory:,It is the core of TCM theory.Although it is constructed on some sort of anatomy,it is not based on the scientific observation of anatomy.So it can not reflect the correct human structure objectively.,Engles,had pointed out:“without anatomy,there would be no medicine.”The function is determined by the structure.Since the organ theory can not explain the structure correctly,it can not explain the functions of human being.Thus its suggestive function will be much more important than the guidance in clinical work.,3,气血津液：,气血津液学说认为气、血、津、液是构成人体的基本物质。可是，现代医学早已证实，构成人体的基本物质与自然界并无区别，也是由各种分子、原子构成。蛋白质、脂类、核酸等这些生物大分子才是构成人体的基本物质，是生物体区别与自然界的标志。但气血津液却成为了中医解释构成人体的基本物质的代名词，从表面看，绝对让人理解为这千真万确，但实质并非如此。这就在治疗活动过程中，对被治疗者构成了强大的暗示作用。,3,qi,blood and fluid:,in TCM theory,qi,blood and fluid are the basic substances which construct the human body.but modern medicine has already proved that the basic substances are molecules and atoms.proteins,lipids and nucleic acids are those identifying things which made the organism looks different from the natural environment.but now in TCM theory people use the term like,qi,blood and fluid to explain the basic substances,this become a powerful suggestion to the clients.,4,经络：,经络学说认为是经络沟通了人体各部分的联系，其实这种联系本身是建立在脏腑学说基础上的，是一种虚幻的联系，它不能反映人体各部分功能相互之间的本质作用、本质影响以及本质关系。,4,Meridians:,In TCM theory,all parts of the human body are connected by meridians,in fact this kind of connection was established on organ theory,it is an,illusional,connection.It can no reflect the interactions within the body correctly.,5,、病因与发病：,古代中医病因学将致病因素分为三种：即外因（如六淫、疠气等），内因（如七情和不内外因（包括饮食不节、劳逸损伤 外伤、寄生虫等）。这种病因学说从宏观分类来说，或许有一定的道理，让学者易懂，虽然直接用于临床显然难以起到直接的临床指导作用，但这种形象而生动的分类方法，更易被患者所接受，从而形成暗示作用。,5 pathogenic factors:,In TCM the pathogenic factors can be mainly divided into 3 categories:exogenous factors(such as:the six exogenous factors,epidemic pathogenic factors etc.),internal factors(such as seven emotions),and others(like diet,parasites,surgical trauma,work and rest etc.).this kind of classification may seems reasonable and easy to be understood.but it is too general to be put into clinical work.while this dramatic division is very easy to be accepted by the clients and performed as a suggestion.,6,、病机：,病机，是指疾病发生、发展、变化及其结局的机理。以阴阳五行、气血津液、藏象、经络、病因和发病等基础理论，探讨和阐述疾病发生、发展、变化和结局的机理及其基本规律，即病机学说,。,病因病机学说不能反映环境中的致病因素与机体在致病因子作用下的病理过程。它仍然是建立在五脏配属五行的基础之上的，六淫，七情这些致病因素本身也是虚构的致病因素，不能反映成千上万各不相同的致病因素。,人与天地相参的观点，虽然在宏观方面有时有一定的合理性或某种程度的相互吻合，但具体到人体复杂的器官与组织时，却很难用天地的规律来解释，同时人的心理性在目前的天体事物中难以相通。,6 Pathogenesis:,Pathogenesis means the mechanism of the occurrence,development and result of diseases.,The pathogenesis of TCM theory is also established upon organ,yin-yang and five element theory and those fabled pathogenic factors,it can not reflect the real pathogenic factors correctly.,There is an kind of view that the human body is corresponding to the nature.Although macroscopically this point of view can be reasonable and identical to some extent,some microscopic aspect in the human body can not be explain by the rule of nature.Meanwhile,the psychological aspect of human being seem to be impossible to be correlated to the natural rules.,四、从目前临床治疗的结果来看中医理论的暗示作用,The suggestive function manifested in current clinical result,1,、中医的治疗对象主要是那些与心理相关的疾病：心理疾病与心身疾病含各种慢性病。,2,、,各种治疗方法如中药、针灸等都缺乏临床应用的普遍性，目前正在研究中医个体化诊疗方案，,3,、,中药难以按现代科学规范进行重复验证,1 The main group of TCM clients are those with problems related with psychological factors,such as psychological problems,psychosomatic problems and chronic diseases.,2 All TCM therapies such as herbal medicine,acupuncture are lack of universality in clinical work.,3 It is very hard or even impossible to prove the effect of herbal medicine according to the rule of modern science.,结论：,是否可以认为，中医理论的每一句话，都是一句非常贴近生活的暗示语。中医理论与中医临床的实践过程，除了药物与针灸、按摩对人体的部分生理作用以外，更体现了中国古代文化对人的作用，它是一个全方位的暗示治疗过程，从来还没有一种医学像中医这样构成了一门系统的暗示医学。它值得认真研究与发掘。,conclusion:,We may suppose:every word in TCM theory is a very lively suggestion.Despite some physiological effect of herbs,needles and massage,the process of TCM practice embodied the influence of traditional Chinese culture to the human body.There is never a medicine as systematic as TCM,it is worth of being explored seriously.,