单项选择题解题技巧让你从容应对高考.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Practice and Progress,Techniques,Used in,Multiple Choice,单 项 填 空 题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,解题要素,命题要点,Multiple choice characteristics,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广,语境地位突出,交际性原则明确,试题题干新颖,迷惑性较大,灵活性较高,Multiple choice checkpoints,单项填空的命题要点,情景交际,动词短语,句子结构,介词搭配,连词、代词,形容词、副词,情态动词,动词语态,动词时态,非谓语动词,Essential Factors,in Doing,Multiple Choice,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,单项填空的解题要素,一、分析句子结构,句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。,复杂句子解读的一般规律是,谓语,She,saw,宾语,that,her boss,Mr.Foss,，,was dead on the floor.,When,Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning,，,who,works in a big company,，,主语,状语,定语,找到主句及其谓语。,主句是复杂句中,不带连接词的句子,When,Mrs.Green,who,works in a big company,got to the office yesterday morning,she saw,that,her boss,Mr.Foss,was dead on the floor.,主题（主语）,The old English teacher,内容（谓语）,will give us a talk,内容修正（状语）,when he is free next week,词义限定,1,（定语）,who retired ten years ago,-The old English teacher,词义限定,2,（定语）,on how to study English well,-A talk,The old English teacher,who retired ten,years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well,when he is free next week.,分析句子结构的一般规律是,1,）找到主语确定信息主题,2,）找到谓语确定信息内容,3,）找到状语确定信息成立的条件,4,）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义,解读复杂句子的一般规律是,1,）解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语,主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。,二、,注重意群理解,group meaning,意群在英语交际中表达一个词组 一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。,各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不,能 把它们分割开来。如：,1.Jenny is pleasant to _.,A.say B.speak C.talk D.talk to,D,2.Occasions are quite rare_ I have the,time to spend a day with my kids.,(08,山东）,A.Who B.which C.why D.when,D,3.-Whom would you rather _with you,Mary or June?,-_.,A.go,Neither,B.have go,Either,C.have gone,Either,D.have to go,Both,B,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,Remember,Strateg,ies,Used in,Multiple Choice,解题策略：,把握语境信息,还原或化简句子,克服思维定势,克服母语干扰,注意标点符号和连词提示,把握语境信息,Strategy One,把握语境,题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较,:,1.,（原题）,Has Sam finished his homework today?,I,have no idea,.He _ it this morning.,（,NMET 2004,全国,II,）,（,改编）,Has Sam finished his homework today?,Yes,.He _ it this morning.,A.did B.has done,C.was doing D.had done,c,A,2.,（原题）,-Which of the,three,ways shall I take to the village?,-_way as you please.,(2004,福建,),（改编）,-Which of the,two,ways shall I take to the village?,-_way as you please.,A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either,D,C,3.,（原题）,What,worries,me is _ he is going to make the leap from his comfortable life with us to independence.(,2009,届第一次联考,),A.how B.what C.where D.that,（改编）,What,comforts/pleases,me is_ he is going to make,the leap from his comfortable life with us to independence.,A,D,4.,（原题）,-The two exercises arent easy,are they?,-,Yes,_,of us,did them right.,（,第一次联考,）,none B.all C.no one D.everyone,（改编）,-The two exercises arent easy,are they?,-Yes,_ did them right.,-The two exercises arent easy,are they?,-,No,_ of us did them right.,应为,every/any one of us,不能说,everyone/someone/anyone of,B,B/D,A,以语境为切入点,认真思考。不放过,任何细节，,把握住,题干里所,隐藏的信息、,关键词。,解题诀窍,还原或化简句子,Strategy Two,还原或化简句子,题干以省略句,、,疑问句,、,被动句,、,倒装句,、,强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。,如：,1.Whom would you rather have _with you?A.to go,B.go,C.gone,D.going,分析：测试的知识点是使役动词,have,的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。,have sb.do,sth,.,还原为：,you would rather have,whom,_ with you.,一,、将疑问句改成陈述句,1.Time should be made good use of _our lessons,well.,A.learning,B.learned,C.to learn,D.learns,We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,2.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first,computer.,A to invent B inventing,C to have invented D having invented.,People generally considered Charles Babbage _the first computer.,C,二、改被动句为主动句,1,.,It was _ the old clock that the old,man spent the whole morning at home,A,repair B,repairing,C,to repair D,in repair,还原为,：,The old man spent the whole,morning _ the old clock at home,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,what little Tom said to his,mother sounded!,A,what reasonable,B,How a reasonable,C,How reasonable,D,What a reasonable,What little Tom said to his mother sounded,!,很容易发现,sound,之后应接形容词作表语。,四、感叹句还原为陈述句,That was,we had in London 3,years ago!,A,wonderful time,B,a wonderful time,C,wonderful D,wonderfully,可还原为：,We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago,。,可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配,had a wonderful time,（,玩得愉快）,，定语从句中省略了关系代词,that,。,(that),五、固定短语还原,六、补充省略成分,1.-What made you so happy?,-_.,A.,Because of my passing the exam.,B.I passed the exam.,C.Because I passed the exam.,D.My passing the exam.,(made me so happy),2.If the weather is fine,well go.,If _,_.,A.not,not B.no,no,C.not,no D.no,not,If the weather is NOT,fine,we will NOT go.,If you study hard,youll succeed.,If not,not.,3.One of the sides of the blackboard should be,painted yellow,and _.(,2000,春季招生,),The other is white B.Another white,C.The other white D.Another is white,A,少了,painted,B,和,D,不能用,another,因为木板只有两面，两面中,的另一面只能用,the other.,C,实际是,the other should be painted white,的省略,C,1.He believes in himself,，,_,，,in my opinion,is of,the most importance,A,that B,which C,what D,As,2.The writer,，,whom I often refer to at the,meetings,_ famous for those works,A,is B,are C,am D,were,(),B,七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等,A,(,),将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等,还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插,入语等多余的部分删除。,解题决窍,克服思维定势,Strategy Three,克服思维定势,利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让,我们,上当的题目。因为,我们,背记了许多语法规则,，词汇，,词的固定搭配,和句子结构等,，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则,，结构,和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。,例如：,解析,容易误认为是考查,spend some time(in)doing,sth,结构而选,A,，,忽视了,waiting for,这一部分。正确答案应是,D,。,locked in your room,在句子里作方式状语，“（我）被锁在你的房间里等侯”。,1.I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive.,A.lockingB.in locking,C.being lockedD.locked,2.The country life he was used to _,greatly since 1992.(2005,山东卷,),A.change B.has changed,C.changingD.have changed,解析,易受,sb,be used to doing,的影响而误选,C,。根据句意和结构可知,he was used to,为定语从句，修饰先行词,the country life,。,此空格应填谓语动词。,正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。,在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、,重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避,免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍,：,熟悉英语文化,克服母语干扰,Strategy Four,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不,同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,克服母语干扰,注意：,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,1.-Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going,now.(2004,全国）,-OK._,A.Take it easy.B.Go slowly.,C.Stay longer.D.See you.,2.-I am afraid I cant return the book to,you before Friday.(2008,重庆卷,),-_.,A.Dont afraid B.Be careful,C.Not at all D.Take your time,Ill come to see you if _.,A.youre convenient,B.it is convenient for you,C.you feel convenient,D.it is convenient with you,He wants to move house,because he hates,the _ here.,A.crowded traffic B.crowded traffics,C.busy traffic D.busy traffics,3.“,如果你方便的话”说成英语是,if you are convenient,吗,?,4.“,交通拥挤”的英语是,crowded traffic,吗,?,留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读,多比较,多归纳，用英语思维，避免,Chinglish,。,解题诀窍,：,注重标点符号和连词提示,Strategy Five,标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份,。,标点符号，连词,Tom has many friends,;,_ can help him.,A.few of which B.few of whom,C.few of that D.few of them,1.,Tom has many friends,_ can help him.,A.few of which B.few of whom,C.few of that D.few of them,I met several people there,two of,_ being foreigners.,A.whom,B.them,C.who,D.which,2.,I met several people there,two of _ were foreigners.,A.whom B.them,C.who D.which,1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a Number of factors,_ are beyond,our control.(08,湖南,),A.most of them B.most of which,C.most of what D.most of that,借助标点符号或连词，正,确分析句子结构。,它们往往,决定句子后半部分是完整的句子还是句子成份，从而判断,所填答案是连词还是代词，是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。,解题决窍,：,summary,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,单项填空的解题要素,解题策略：,把握语境信息,还原或化简句子,克服思维定势,克服母语干扰,注意标点符号和连词提示,近几年各地高考单选题都强调交际性及语用,性，纯语法题已经越来越少，广东省已取消了,语法单选题；因此复习过程中应,注重语法在交,际性习题中的活用,，同时要注意词的搭配,动,词短语及常用习语的积累。,Practice makes perfect!,good staying with you,Thank you,