中国城市垃圾焚烧处理厂建设和运营现状_2.ppt

,CUCD,中国,城市建设研究院,China Urban Construction Design&Research Institute,*,Review and Forecast on MSW Incineration in China,1,中国城市垃圾焚烧处理厂建设和运营现状,Construction and Running of MSW Incineration Plants in China,杨宏毅,YANG,Hongyi,中国垃圾处理设施数量变化图,Change of MSW Treatment Facilities Number in China,2,中国垃圾处理设施处理能力变化图,Change of MSW Treatment Facilities Capacity in China,3,Ton/day,4,2005,年中国城市生活垃圾处理设施情况,2005 Data on MSW Landfill in China,处理厂分布图,Number of Facilities,处理能力分布图,Treatment Capacity of Facilities,处理量分布图,Quantity Treated,中国的垃圾无害化处理率,:35,40,The harmless treatment rate of MSW:3540%,城市生活垃圾产量预测,Municipal Solid Waste Output Forecast,预计到,2010,年：,全国县城以上生活垃圾总产量约为,2.5,亿吨,城市：,1.8,亿吨,/,年（日均约为,49.3,万吨）,县城：,0.7,亿吨,/,年（日均约为,19.4,万吨）,To 2010,Total MSW Amount:250 million tons,Cities :180 million t/a(daily average:493,000 tons),Counties:70 million t/a (daily average:194,000 tons),5,6,全国城镇“十一五”环境卫生规划,Chinese Environmental Sanitation Plan(2006-2010),全国,“,十一五,”,期间计划新增的城市生活垃圾无害化处理能力为,24,万吨,/,日,，平均每年新增,4.8,万吨,/,日；同时将采取封场、搬迁或改扩建等措施对现有约,70%,的不达标设施进行改造，总规模约,7.4,万吨,/,日；建设一批大型转运设施并建立和完善收运系统，城市生活垃圾无害化处理率不低于,60%,；,全国,“,十一五,”,期间，全国城镇环境卫生固定资产总投资约为,1115,亿元,。其中：新建生活垃圾处理,设施,516,亿元,、不达标处置设施治理,73,亿元、转运设施与收运系统建设,155,亿元,等,During 2006 to 2010:,Newly-built MSW treatment facilities:240,000 ton/day,Re-built MSW facilities:48,000 ton/day,MSW harmless treated rated:60%,Environmental sanitation investment:111.5 billion RMB,城市生活垃圾处理及污染防治技术政策,建城,2000120,号,垃圾应在焚烧炉内充分燃烧，烟气在后燃室应在不低于,850,的条件下停留不少于,2,秒,垃圾焚烧目前宜采用以炉排炉为基础的成熟技术，审慎采用其它炉型的焚烧炉,烟气处理宜采用半干法加布袋除尘工艺,属于危险废物的炉渣和飞灰必须作为危险废物处置,The Technical Policy on MSW Management and Pollution Prevention 2000,Waste should be combusted in the incinerator completely,and the flue gas should stay in the afterburner at least 2 seconds with the temperature not lower than 850.,At present,grate is suggested to be the foundational mature technology in MSW incineration,other kinds of incineration process should be adopted prudently.,Semi-dry process with bag-house is the suggested flue gas cleaning system.,Fly ash and residue should be treated as hazardous waste.,7,技术政策,产业化政策,能源政策,环境政策,Technical Policy,我国垃圾焚烧发展的政策环境,2002,年，国家计委、财政部、建设部、环保总局,:,关于实行城市生活垃圾处理收费制度促进垃圾处理产业化的通知,关于推进城市污水、垃圾处理产业化发展的意见,2002,，,National Development,and Reform Commission(NDRC),Ministry of Finance(MOF),Ministry of Construction(MOC)and State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA):,Notice:Establish the MSW Fee Levying system and Promote the Industrial Production of MSW Management,Notice:Establish the MSW Fee Levying system,Promote the Industrial Production of MSW Management,Opinion about promoting the Industrial Production of municipal waste water and solid waste management,8,技术政策,产业化政策,能源政策,环境政策,Industrialization Policy,我国垃圾焚烧发展的政策环境,我国垃圾焚烧发展的政策环境,2005,年,2,月,中华人民共和国可再生能源法,2006,年,1,月,可再生能源发电价格和费用分摊管理试行办法,发改价格,20067,号,2006,年,1,月,可再生能源发电有关管理规定,发改能源,200613,号,2006,年,9,月,国家鼓励的资源综合利用认定管理办法,发改环资,20061864,2005-02 Renewable Energy Act,2006-01Trial Guidelines on renewable Power Generation Price and expense,2006-01 Management Guideline of Renewable Energy Electricity Generation,2006-09 Method to Recognize National Encouraged Resource Comprehensive Using,9,技术政策,产业化政策,能源政策,环境政策,Energy Policy,我国垃圾焚烧发展的政策环境,2006,年,6,月,关于加强生物质发电项目环境影响评价管理工作的通知,生活垃圾焚烧发电项目环境影响报告书应报国务院环境保护行政主管部门审批,生活垃圾焚烧发电类项目环境影响评价文件审查的技术要点,2006-06 Notice on Enhancing Environment Impact Assessment of Biomass-to-Energy Projects,EIA of MSW-to-Energy projects should be approved by Environmental Department of Stated Council.,Some key points to approve EIA are given.,10,技术政策,产业化政策,能源政策,环境政策,环发,200682,号,Environmental Policy,我国焚烧,年份,Year,焚烧厂数,Plant,Number,平均规模,Capacity,(,t/d,),2001,年,36,181,2002,年,45,226,2003,年,47,319,2004,年,54,313,2005,年,67,493,11,焚烧能力增长情况图,焚烧厂数量及平均规模,2001,2005,Total,capacaity,Incineration capacity,The rate,ton/day,我国垃圾焚烧设施的建设状况,Current Status of MSW Incineration Facilities in China,技术类型,Technocial,数量,plant,总规模,Total Capacity,（,t/d,）,焚烧炉数量,incinerator,（台）,总装机,Power,（,MW,）,汽轮机数量,Generator,（台）,炉排炉,Stoke Grate,25,20400,69,355,46,流化床,Fluidized bed,24,16080,50,420,39,其 它,others,14,3540,32,25,5,合计,Total,63,40020,151,800,90,12,焚烧厂数量分布图,焚烧厂规模分布图,2006,年,By plant number,By capacity,北京,Beijing,13,天津,Tianjing,上海,Shanghai,重庆,Chongqin,直 辖 市,Municipalities,同兴焚烧厂,高安屯焚烧厂,六里屯焚烧厂,阿苏卫焚烧厂,南宫焚烧厂,双港焚烧厂,贯庄焚烧厂,青光焚烧厂,御桥焚烧厂,江桥焚烧厂,江桥二期,14,连云港市,宿迁市,盐城市,南京市,常州市,无锡市,苏州市,嘉兴市杭州市,绍兴市,宁波市金华市,台州市温州市,广州市,惠州市,佛山市 东莞市,中山市 深圳市,珠海市,江苏,Jiangsu,浙江,Zhejiang,广东,Guangdong,长三角,&,珠三角地区,Yangtze River delta&,Zhujiang,Delta,15,沈阳,大连,石家庄,衡水,唐山,济南,淄博,青岛,菏泽,泰安,临沂,宁德,福州 福清,莆田,惠安,晋江 石狮,厦门 漳州,琼海,玉林,东部地区,East Area,16,中西部地区,Center&West,Harbin,Changchun,Zhengzhou,Wuhan,Xi an,Lanzhou,Urumqi,Chengdu,Kunming,Taiyuan,全部焚烧生活垃圾，启动时可以以油为辅助燃料；进料垃圾不需要预处理；,依靠炉排的机械运动实现垃圾的搅动与混合，促进垃圾完全燃烧，不同的炉排产商在炉排的设计上各有特点；,焚烧炉内垃圾为稳定燃烧，燃烧较为完全，飞灰量少，炉渣热酌减率低；,技术成熟，设备年运行时间可达,8000,小时以上；垃圾需要连续焚烧，不宜经常起炉和停炉。,Fuel in the incinerator is completely solid waste,petroleum is just used as auxiliary fuel at the beginning;,Feeding waste does not need to pre-treat;,Mechanical move of grate make the waste agitate and mix completely,and promote waste to burn up.Different makers of different incinerators have respective design characteristic.,Waste is burned stably and entirely,and the amount of fly-ash is small,，,and the loss of ignition is very low as well;,The,technic,is very mature,，,and the equipment running time can be above to 8000 hours per one year.,The burning must be continual,turning on and blowing out frequently is harmful.,17,炉排炉,炉排炉的技术特点,Stoke Grate Incineration Technology,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用现状,日本三菱重工株式会社（三菱,-,马丁逆推炉排）,日本杰富意（,JFE,）株式会社（超级往复式炉排）,日本田熊株式会社（,SN,型炉排）,日本日立造船株式会社,德国诺尔,-,克尔茨公司（阶梯式顺推炉排）,德国斯坦米勒公司（往复顺推式炉排）,法国阿尔斯通公司（,CITY2000,倾斜往复式炉排）,吉宝西格斯公司（,SHA,多级炉排炉）,瑞士,VonRoll,公司（,R-10540,型炉排炉）,18,主要国外焚烧厂商及炉型,主要国内焚烧厂商及炉型,温州伟明集团（二段式炉排炉）,杭州新世纪公司（二段式炉排炉）,重庆三峰环境产业有限公司（,SITY2000,炉排炉）,MISSUBISHI heavy industries,Japan,JFE Steel Corporation,Japan,TAKUMA CO.LTD,Japan,Hitach Zosen Corporation,Japan,Noell-KRC Corporation,Germany,Steinmuller Corporation,Germany,Alstom Corporation,France,Seghers Corporation,Belgium,VonRoll,Swizerland,Overseas Suppliers,Domestic Suppliers,Weiming Group,WenZhou,New Century Energy,HangZhou,San Feng,ChongQing,19,日本三菱,-,马丁逆推炉排炉,Mitsubishi,Japan,炉排倾斜角度为,26,燃烧空气从炉底部送入并从炉排块的缝隙中吹出，对炉排有良好的冷却作用。,由于逆向推动可相应延长垃圾在炉内的停留时间。,Incline angle:26,Air is supplied from the bottom of the grate and can cool the grate.,Adverse push can increase the staying time of MSW.,日本田熊,SN,型炉排炉,Takuma,Japan,设置两个阶梯，采用足够的炉排面积，使垃圾在炉内翻滚并燃烧；,采用四个驱动单位：一个在干燥阶段，二个在燃烧阶段，再一个在燃烬阶段。因此，通过调整各独立驱动单位的速度，能控制垃圾和灰层的厚度。,Two steps of ladders are established,and the area of the grate is big enough to let the waste roll well on it.,Four actuating units:1 dry-step,2 burning,1 burned.So the thickness of the waste and residue can be controlled well by adjust the speed of each unit.,20,吉宝西格斯多级炉排炉,Seghers,Belgium,西格斯焚烧炉排控制系统能够将输送动作,(,水平运动,),、翻搅和通风动作,(,垂直运动,),区分开,滑动炉排推动垃圾向前运动并决定了垃圾层厚度及停留时间,摆动炉排则起到搅动垃圾层的作用,Disturbance,Gliding(horizontal motion)and Swinging(vertical movement)can be controlled separately in the SHA grate.,Gliding grate makes the waste move forward,and decide the burning time of the waste.,Swinging grate is used for waste mixing.,21,日本日立造船,Hitachi Zosen,Japan,炉排上设置落差，使垃圾翻转、松散,活动炉排与固定炉排相互运动，可以清除炉排片间的积灰，避免堵塞,设置拨火装置,Dropping variance of the grate makes the waste very loose.,Active grate and fixed grate move mutually.,Poker mechanism,22,重庆三峰,SITY2000,炉排,SanFeng,Chongqing,23,重庆同兴垃圾焚烧发电厂,福州红庙岭垃圾焚烧发电厂,国产二段往复式炉排,Domestic Stoke Grate,24,杭州新世纪能源环保工程股份有限公司,New Century Energy Co.Ltd,Hangzhou,温州伟明集团有限公司,Weiming,Group,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,由逆推炉排和顺推炉排组合而成,逆推炉排向下倾斜,顺推炉排为水平布置,adverse pusher,parallel pusher,温州东庄垃圾发电厂,温州临江垃圾发电厂,温州永强垃圾发电厂,昆山垃圾发电厂,杭州滨江垃圾焚烧厂,江苏太仓垃圾焚烧发电厂,逆推炉排,顺推炉排,需要石英砂作为辅料，需要掺煤才能理想燃烧，在煤价较低或上网电价较高的情况下，掺煤越多焚烧厂的经济效益越好；,可以混烧多种废物，但是进料越均匀越好，一般需要有前分选和破碎工序；,焚烧炉内垃圾处于悬浮流化状态，为瞬时燃烧，飞灰量大，飞灰量是炉排炉的,3,4,倍；此外，流化床焚烧的一个特点是炉渣的热酌减率较低，仅为,1,2,；,物料处于悬浮状态，烟气流速高，对焚烧炉的冲刷和磨损比较严重；,流化床炉的检修相对较多，年运行时间相对较短，通常只有,6000-8000,小时；,流化床炉起炉和停炉较为方便；,减少金属酸性腐蚀，发电效率较高。,It needs quartz sand as the auxiliary material,and needs coal mixed with waste to achieve perfect combustion.The factory will economic efficiency more as more coal is mixed when the coal is cheap and electrovalence from MSW is more expensive than that from others in China.,all kinds of waste can be burned together,but it is better to mixed them up,and the separator and crusher is necessary before the incineration.,The waste in the fluidized bed is at aerosol fluidization condition,and the fly-ash amount is 34 times of that of grate;moreover,the loss of ignition is much lower,it only has 12%.,The speed of flue gas is very high,and the attrition to equipment is serious.,Compared with grate,it needs more repair,but has the shorter running time which is about 6000-8000hours per one year.,It is convenient to starting and blowing out.,25,流化床炉的技术特点,Fluidized Bed Incineration Technology,流化床炉,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用现状,高比重惰性物料循环,特殊布风结合定向风帽结构,二次风旋涡分段燃烧,垃圾渗滤液回喷炉膛焚烧,26,浙江大学,异重流化床,Zhejiang,University,应用业绩已有,10,余项,杭州老余杭垃圾焚烧厂,杭州锦江乔司垃圾电厂,山东菏泽焚烧厂,郑州荥锦焚烧厂,金华热电有限公司等,27,能适应低品位垃圾燃料组成,采用定向均匀布风，燃烧稳定,选用外置过热器，解决了,HCl,腐蚀问题，提高热能回收效率,北京中科通用,循环流化床,Zhongke,Tongyong,Co.,目前已建和在建的焚烧项目有,10,余项,浙江嘉兴热电厂,东莞市市区垃圾焚烧厂,宁波市镇海垃圾焚烧厂,四川彭州垃圾焚烧厂,28,流动空气的风量差：左右空气量比中央部分多,倾斜式炉床：炉床由中央向炉两端的不燃物排出口倾斜,回旋流效果：从左右二侧部分向上吹起的砂被导流板阻挡回流到炉的中延部分,日本荏原,回旋流化床,EBARA,Japan,目前已建和在建的焚烧项目：,哈尔滨垃圾焚烧厂,太原市垃圾焚烧厂,大连市垃圾焚烧厂,1,、可再生能源政策将促进垃圾焚烧技术的应用,Policies on renewable energy will promote incineration technology application,目前,浙江省,0.5463,元,/,度；广东省,0.55,元,/,度。,按照国家发改委颁布的,可再生能源发电价格及费用分摊管理暂行办法,规定，,2006,年起新核准建设的垃圾发电厂，上网电价应分别为：,浙江省,0.666,元,/,度；广东省,0.689,元,/,度。,At present,：,Zhejiang,:0.5463,yuan/kwh,；,Guangdong:0.55,yuan/kwh,。,According to the new,Trial Guidelines on renewable Power Generation Price and expense,，,the price of the power generated from the new waste incineration plant built after 2006 will up to,：,Zhejiang,:0.666,yuan/kwh,；,Guangdong:0.689,yuan/kwh,。,29,1/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,30,2026/3/2 周一,30,西南地区,Southwest(6),6100t/d,东部地区,East(56),45100t/d,西北地区,Northwest(4),3300t/d,中部地区,Center(9),7200t/d,东北地区,Northeast(7),4900t/d,我国“十一五”期间规划焚烧厂及能力,Number and Capacity of Incineration Plant that Planned During 2006 to 2010,2,、新建垃圾焚烧厂将主要以大、中规模焚烧厂为主,New Incineration Plant Are Mainly Comprised by Large and Medium Scale Plant,我国新建的垃圾焚烧厂建设规模普遍大于,600,吨,/,日，我国大中城市新建的焚烧厂处理规模常在大于,1000,吨,/,日，焚烧厂配置以,2,3,台焚烧炉居多，单台焚烧炉的规模常在,300,600,吨,/,日，受政策影响焚烧炉的发展有大型化趋势。,The capacity of newly built plant are usually beyond 600,t/d,even up to 800-1000,t/d,in some big cities,and the capacity of one incinerator is usually 300-600t/d.Affected by new energy policies,the incinerator develops towards the large scale tendency,31,2/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,3,、炉排炉与流化床炉平分秋色，小型焚烧炉市场逐渐减小,Market Share Will Occupied by stoke grate Incinerator and Fluidized Bed Incinerator,，,Small Scale Incinerator will Quit Gradually,大中城市以机械炉排炉为主,对于中小城市及内陆城市和经济较发达地区，流化床的国产化技术、价格优势以及掺煤获得的经济受益，仍将具有较大的吸引力。,Stoke grate Incinerator will be the main choice in big cities.,Fluidized Bed incinerator will also be favored by some cities in the near future because of its advantages in investment and benefit from coal mixing.,32,3/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,4,、近期内垃圾焚烧的余热利用将仍以发电为主,Power Generation is still the primary use in the near future,受我国可再生能源的影响，以及产品销路的稳定性、优惠的电价使得发电成为我国垃圾焚烧厂的热能利用方式相对单一，绝大多是焚烧余热都是用于发电。,在蒸汽参数方面，通常垃圾焚烧厂余热锅炉蒸汽参数为中温中压参数（,4MPa,和,400,）。若提高蒸汽参数将有助于提高余热利用效率，提高发电量，增加垃圾厂的收入，同时也加剧了余热锅炉材料的腐蚀，缩短了设备的使用寿命，增加了折旧成本。目前，广州李坑和中山焚烧厂采用三菱重工焚烧炉，尝试使用次高温高压余热锅炉蒸汽参数,6MPa/450,。采用次高温高压参数的经济性和对中国国情的适应性目前还在探索中。,The most of the heat energy from incineration is changed into electric power since favorable power price can be get from Chinese government.,In steam quality aspect,，,the operation with inferior high temperature&pressure is still in exploration in China at present,and the incineration plants of,Likeng,in Guangzhou and of Center in,Zhongshan,are in the attempting with the condition 6MPa/450,they both choose the Mitsubishi-Marin grate.,33,4/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,5,、烟气处理工艺中干法的比例会有所增加,Dry process will be widely used in flue gas treatment,随着技术的进步与发展，干法工艺也在提升和进步（如石灰粒度更细化、石灰喷射装置更优化等）。目前的干法处理效果有显著提高，在国外的应用有所增加。在日本，东京都焚烧厂对环境要求高，烟气处理均采用湿法处理工艺；东京都以外的焚烧厂烟气处理主要采用干法处理工艺。,The dry process developed rapidly in recent years,such as the lime granules are much smaller than before,and its processing effect have enhanced remarkably,and the application has increased a lot in foreign country as well.for example,the cities in Japan always choose this way except Tokyo which has a much higher environmental standard.,34,5/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,6,、对二恶英的控制逐渐加强,Strengthening Dioxin control,大城市和经济发达地区的焚烧厂采用欧盟烟气排放标准，二恶英执行,0.1ng-TEQ/Nm,3,对二恶英的监控越来越严格,In big cities and economy-developed cities,MSW incineration plants take more strict standard as EU-DC-2000,and dioxin concentration cannot over 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3,The Control for dioxin will be more and more strict.,35,6/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,7,、垃圾焚烧厂建设融资模式多元化,Many Financial Models Will Emerge in MSW Incineration Projects,我国传统的垃圾处理设施是“政府投资建设，事业单位运营”。这种模式对于卫生填埋等技术水平相对较低的方式较为适用。对于焚烧项目，地方政府通常受技术水平和人才资源的限制，难以自建自管。,因此，部分城市采用了“政府投资建设，招标或委托企业运营”的方式，取得了较好的效果。,近年来，随着产业化政策的推广和国家投融资体制的改革，大量社会资本进入到垃圾焚烧处理邻域，“企业实行特许经营（,BOT,模式）”的方式广为应用。,Traditionally,the waste disposal facility is invested by the government,and operated by institution in China.Bt a incineration plant needs huge investment for construction and high-tech personnel to operate,so the construction and management is very difficult to be undertaken all by the government.,So,，,some cities used the method that government investing,entrusted company operating,and it already has obtained a very good effect in china.,In recent years,lots of social capital enters into the MSW incinerating domain,along with the national financing system reforming and the industrial production policy promotion.And the,BOT(Build,Operate-Transfer)mode is used especially widely.,36,7/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,8,、垃圾焚烧相关政策标准法规进一步完善,The policies related to MSW incineration will be gradually consummate,随着焚烧技术应用的发展，我国在相关的政策准法规建设也在逐步完善,国家已经颁布的标准有：,生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准,(GB 18485-2001),生活垃圾焚烧处理工程技术规范,(CJJ90-2002),（已在修编）,城市生活垃圾焚烧处理工程项目建设标准,（已在修编）,城市生活焚烧厂评价标准,（在编）,The policies,laws,regulations and standards related to MSW incineration will gradually consummated along with the development of the technology.,The present national standards,：,Standard for Pollution Control on the MSW Incineration(GB 18485-2001),Technology Standard for MSW Incineration Project(CJJ90-2002),Construction standard for MSW Incineration Project(Compiling),Evaluation standard for MSW Incineration plant(Compiling),37,8/8,我国垃圾焚烧技术应用发展预测,Incineration Development Forecast,38,谢 谢 大 家,!,THE END,Thank you!,