名词性从句1grammar.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,名词性从句,Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading section on page 2 and tell the functions.,At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported,that,the mist,would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,2,.,She wondered,if/whether,the buses would still be running.,3.,The truth is,that,the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.,4.,She sensed,that,she was being watched by a tall man in a dark,coat.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Object clause,Practice:,1,.,That the baby could speak,made his parents very happy.,2.I wonder,whether/if you will go shopping or stay at home.,3.This is,why he was often late for school.,4.We all know the truth,that the earth moves around the sun.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,(,Noun Clauses）。,名词性从句的功能相当于,名词，名词词组或代词,它在复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，,名词从句,又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,和同位语从句。,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,His job,is important.,What he does,is important,.,主语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,表语,I don,t like,his job.,I don,t like,what he does every day,.,宾语,I don,t know about,the man,Mr.White.,I don,t know about,the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,名词性从句考点归纳,一、,名词性从句构成有两种,（1）,a.,That,+,陈述句,That,light travels in straight lines,is known to all.,b.,疑问词,+句子的剩余成分,This is,what,we are looking for.,(2),疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),F,T,T,F,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）,that,和,what,的选用,that,和,what,都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，,what,除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而,that,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that,if,whether,how,what,等,wh-,疑问代词,that/what,1._,he wants is a book.,2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,(2)if,和,whether （,是否）,的选用,当它们都表示,（是否）,的时候,有时不能使用,if,：,a.,主语从句,b.,表语从句,c.,同位语从句,-,Whether,the meeting will be put off,has not been,decided yet,.,-,The question is,whether,they have so much money.,-We ought to discuss carefully the question,whether,we can do it.,在宾语从句中两者可以互换,:,He wonder whether/if he could use my bike.,e.,介词后的宾语从句,-It all depends on whether they will come back.,-I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.,g.,whether or not,连在一起引导宾语从句时不用,if.,f.,whether to do,做动词宾语不能用,if to do.,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.We,re worried about _ he is safe.4.I don,t know _ he is well or not.5.I don,t know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I don,t know _ to go.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,(3),其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择,who、which、when、where、why、how,等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分,。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_,we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.,我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。,I don,t know _ broke the glass yesterday.,我不知道他长的什么样子。,I have no idea _ he looks like.,这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。,This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,(4),引导词,that,的省略,that,可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的,that,可省略,-We believe(that)he is honest.,-I told him(that)I would come back soon.,-He said(that)he would go there the next day and,that,his family wouldnt go there.,f.,并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词,that,不能省略,that,不可省略的情况,：,a.,主语从句,That he is a famous singer is known to us.,b.,表语从句,The problem is that we didnt get in touch with,him.,d.,用,it,做形式宾语的宾语从句,The thought that we might success excited us.,c.,同位语从句,I dont think it that they will come.,e.,做介词宾语时,The problem lies in that the mist become a thick fog.,that/(that),1.,I don,t think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I don,t think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.7.The reason lies in _she works harder than,the others do.,(,that),that,that,that,that,(,that),that,that,三、同位语从句以及定语从句的辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：,n.+,连接词+从句,(,对前面名词的,补充说明,),2.,能接同位语从句的,名词,有：,fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice,等3.连接词通常是,that,也可根据含义选用,whether,what,when,where,等来引导同位语从句。,I cant answer the question that he raised.,I cant answer the question when he comes.,1.,I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He can,t answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,4.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，定语从句中,that,不但起连接作用，而且它还代替,先行词,在定语从句中,充当一个句子成分,.,2.同位语从句对中 心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导,同位语从句的,that,和前面,被修饰的名词,在同位语从句中,不做任何成分,.,I cant answer,the question,that he raised.,I cant answer,the question,where he comes from.,1.,We expressed the hope,that they had expressed.,2.We expressed the hope,that they would come to China again.,1.,The information has been announced,that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.,2.The information,that he revealed at the meeting,is of great value.,Attributive(,定语从句,)or Appositive(,同位从句,),AT,AP,AP,AT,5.,名词,demand,suggestion,proposal,advice,order,等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为,should+do,should,可省略,He gave me a,suggestion,that I,(should)be,calm now.,在,表语从句,中,如果句子的主语是,demand,suggestion,proposal,advice,order,等名词时,后面引导的表语从句,用,should+,动词原形,should,可省略,.,四,.,名词性从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.,a.,他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.,He believes _.b.,请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.,Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time,yesterday,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。,He told me _.,他说他已离开家乡十年了。,He told me _.,老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。,The teacher tell us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,-,主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称做主语,谓语动词用,单数,;,-,如果有,and,连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用,复数,;,-,有两个或多个连接词引导一个从句,谓语动,词用,单数,.,When the meeting will begin _not been decided yet.,When they will start and where they go _ not been decided.,When and where the meeting will begin _ not been,Decided.,has,have,has,五,.,名词性从句中的主谓一致问题,六,.,疑问词,+ever,可引导一个名词性从句,在主句中充当一定的成分,.,Whoever breaks the rule,must be punished.,you can choose,whatever you like in the shop,.,疑问词,+ever,可引导一个让步状语从句,Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished.,Whatever you do,you must do it well.,No matter+,疑问词只能引导让步状语从句,No matter what you do,you must do it well.,No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished,.,七,.,几个固定句式,强调句,It is/was+that,It is who that spoke first.,Who is it that spoke first?,It is when that they came here.,When is it that they came here?,2,.,关于,doubt,Sb.doubt if/whether,Sb.dont/doesnt doubt that,There is no doubt that,e.g.There is no doubt that he will win the game.,3,.,疑问词,do you think/do you suppose/do you expect,+,用陈述句语序,e.g.Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?,that,从句做主语或是宾语时,可以用,it,替换成以下几种结构,.,It is clear/certain/likely/surprising that,It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that,It is said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested that,It seems/happens that,It,happened,that I went out last night,.,It,is said,that China will win in the Word Cup.,Practice time,1.,It now appears _ they are in need of help.,A.that B.which C.what D.how,2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.,A.which B.what C.that D.how,3.It _ Joe drives badly.,A.thought that B.thinks that,C.is thought that D.is thought that,4.It _ he is late for class.,A.may that B.might that,C.may be that D.might be what,5.,This is _ she was born.,A.where B.which C.that D.what,6.The question is _ we cant go there today.,A.that B.what C.which D.when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing.,A.if B.whether C.which D.what,8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.,A.because B.why C.that D.what,9.,My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.,A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built,11.My advice is that he _ regular house.,A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept,12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.,A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who,13.,We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.,A.that B.which C.what D.whether,14.We heard the news _ our team had won.,A.which B.that C.what D.where,15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,A.which B.that C.whether D.if,16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.,A.which B.what C.that D.where,Thank you,Practice:,1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.,A.That B.What C.Why D.If,2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.,A.that B.if C.whether D.what,3.This is _ he was often late for school.,A.what B.that C.why D.whether,4.We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.,A.if;moved B.that;moves C.why;move D.whether;move,A,C,C,B,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading section on page 2 and tell the functions.,At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported,that,the mist,would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,2,.,She wondered,if,the buses would still be running.,3.,The truth is,that,the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.,4.,She sensed,that,she was being watched by a tall man in a dark,coat.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Object clause,