GrammarV-ing.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,-ing form,used as an adjective or adverb,Grammar and usage,Designed by Wu Zonglin,sleeping,students,a,boring,lesson,a,smiling,face,一、,The-ing form used as Attribute,（,-ing,形式作定语）,boiling,water,flying,kites,a,dancing,girl,the,rising,sun,(1)a,swimming,man,(2)a,swimming,pool,(2)a,walking,stick,(1)a,walking,man,=a man,who is walking,=,a stick,for walking,Whats the difference between(1)and(2)?,小 结,1,-ing,形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例,（,1,）,），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例,（,2,）,）。,a,running,man,The man,running in,the picture,is Liu Xiang.,attribute,The man,who is running,in the picture,is Liu Xiang.,相当于：,Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.,The teacher,teaching,us English,is Ms Zhou.,=The teacher,who is teaching us English,is Ms Zhou.,The people,sitting behind,us,are all teachers.,The expert,coming from Lishui,is a lady,called Ms Cai.,=The people,who are sitting behind us,are all teachers.,=The expert,who comes from Lishui,is a lady called Ms Cai.,单个的,-,ing,形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；,-ing,短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。,小 结,2,Translate the following phrases.,a reading room,a washing machine,an exciting evening,an interesting crosstalk,阅览室,洗衣机,激动人心的夜晚,有趣的相声,a sleeping car,a smoking room,listening practice,an opening speech,a booking office,running water,卧铺车,吸烟室,听力练习,开幕词,售票处,自来水,I,heard,the girl,singing,in the classroom.,I,noticed,a long queue outside the bank,waiting,for it to open.,2.The-ing form used as,Object Complement,（,-ing,形式作宾语补足语）,The baby,watched,his dad,shaving,his face with great interest.,We,have,the fire,burning,all day.,动词,-ing,形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,小 结,3,能跟,-ing,形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：,“,五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”,。简单又好记！,make,let,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel,等。,怎么记,？,1.Our trip was,disappointing,.We did not find any unusual plants.,2.The programme for the weekend,looks,exciting,.I am looking forward,to it.,3.The-ing form used as,predicative,(-ing,形式作表语,),4.The news was,shocking,.All the three boats had sunk in the storm.,5.The report from Cook was,encouraging,.The captain decided to attack the following night.,6.It was,astonishing,to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.,二、,-ing,形式作状语,(P30),-ing,短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。,-ing,短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。,1.,作时间状语,-ing,短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,=When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,Having received his letter,I decided to write back.,=,After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.,收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,2.,作原因状语,-ing,短语作原因状语置于句首。如：,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,=,Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,=,Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,3.,作条件状语,-ing,作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：,Working hard,you will succeed.,=,If you work hard,you will succeed.,如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,Being given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,=,If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。,4.,作让步状语,-ing,短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与,even if,though,连用。如：,Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,=,Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.,虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,5.,作伴随状语,置于句首或句末。如：,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing,.,=,They sang and laughed,;they came into the classroom.,他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,When working,in the factory,he was,an advanced worker.,=,When he worked in the factory,he,was an advanced worker.,注意：,1.-ing,短语与,when,while,though,until,if,等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：,Though willing,to attend the party,he,refused the invitation.,=Though he was willing to attend the,party,he refused the invitation.,While staying,in Beijing,he came to see,me twice.,=While he was staying in Beijing,he,came to see me twice.,If playing,all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,=If you play all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,Though raining,heavily,it cleared up very soon.,=Though it was raining heavily,it,cleared up very soon.,2.,动词,-ing,形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：,He,traveled on the plane like this,keeping,the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,=When he traveled on the plane like this,he,kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.,b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.,2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.,b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.,b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.,4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.,b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,5.a.Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,b.It being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing,形式的否定式为在其前面加,not,。,如：,He sat there,not knowing,what to say.,1.Sixty million people _(live)in rural areas,are moving,to the cities every year.,2.The bottle _(contain)the poison,was sent to,the laboratory.,Practice,living,containing,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.,3.The man _(sit)on the platform,is,a professor from Wuhan University.,4.Who,is,tha girl _(walk)along the river?,5.The children _(practise)playing the violin over there,will give,a performance next week.,sitting,walking,practising,6.The man with sun-glasses _(stand)near a car,is,a detective.,7.The old lady _(talk)to the children,is,a famous musician.,8.The person _(translate)the songs,can speak,seven languages.,standing,talking,translating,9.I,saw,them _(force)the door open with a hammer.,10.We,heard,them _(quarrel)about money after the concert;they looked very angry.,11.I,heard,him _(drop)lots of coins into the collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,12.You,can see,them _(perform)every night this week at the New Theatre.,13.I,could hear,them _(whisper)to each other during the first part of the play.,14.We,watched,the army _(march)down the street towards the park.,performing,whispering,marching,15.I,saw,the people _(enter)the,theatre,and there were 286 of them.,16.We,watched,three old men _,(share)their food with each other.,17.We,watched,the children _,(dive)into the water from the top,diving board.,18.I,noticed,you _ the performers,with the ticket sales.That was kind,of you.,entering,sharing,diving,helping,Having worked,side by side with many environmentalists,I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time.,A verb-ing has perfect form,e.g.,having worked,1.She gave her opinion about the new building.Then she left the meeting.,Having given her opinion about the new building,she left the meeting.,2.She made one last effort to see her husband.Then she returned home.,Having made one last effort to see her husband,she returned home.,Rewrite the following sentences.,3.I admired her writing for many years.Then I finally met her.,Having admired her writing for many years,I finally met her.,4.I was interested in the Koories for many years.Then I decided to learn their language.,Having been interested in the Koories for many years,I decided to learn their language.,A.This is a letter to the editor of a newspaper.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms using the grammar rules you have learnt.,Dear Sir/Madam,I,am delighted by,your newspapers decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment.I am glad,that you have asked readers to,write in,with their suggestions.The state of our parks is very(1)_(shock),with rubbish everywhere,.I used to find a trip to the park very(2)_(relax).Now I just find it(3)_(tire)because I have to,pick up,the rubbish where I,shocking,relaxing,tiring,am going to sit.The grass is covered in plastic bags and food,and I am sad that the young,people of today,do not,clean up,after themselves when they have been to the park.It is(4)_(disappoint)that none of the schools ask their students to,do park clean-ups,as part of their Science class.Perhaps they,disappointing,could start doing this.There are so many(5)_(interest)animals and insects(6)_(live)in our parks.,It would be a shame if,they were destroyed because of peoples activities in the park.,Yours,Wang Qiang,interesting,living,B.Read this new report and fill in the blanks with words from the box below.,following sleeping pleasing exciting,walking moving falling keeping,(1)_ News for Animal Lovers!Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into,Exciting,Europe from South America illegally.One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely.He could see a woman(2)_ in front of a group.Then he saw feathers(3)_ from under her coat.Having seen this,the customs officer asked the woman to come,walking,falling,over to his desk.He was surprised to find ten birds inside her coat.There was a short fat gentleman(4)_ her.Another customs officer called him over when it seemed he had a(5)_ stomach.On taking off his jacket,a(6)_ tortoise was found on his,following,moving,sleeping,stomach.Apparently he had traveled on the plane like this,(7)_ the tortoise hidden in a blanket.Such arrests are very(8)_ for Paris officers.,keeping,pleasing,1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _ the delay.A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.cause,2.One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces,_ only a mite of their worth.A.getting B.got C.to get D.get,Exercise,3.After seeing the movie,_.A.the book was read by him B.the book made him want to read it C.he wanted to read the book D.the reading of the book interested,him,4.The next morning she found the man in bed,_ dead.,A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying,5.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.,A.followed,B.following,C.to be followed D.being followed,6.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.,A.to prepare,B.preparing,C.prepared,D.was preparing,7.“Cant you read?”Mary said_ to the notice.,A.angrily pointing,B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed,D.and angrily pointing,8.He worked day and night,_ his task ahead of time.A.finished B.finishing C.finish D.to finish,9.I was in the bathroom,not _ the knock at the door.,A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard,10._ a reply,he decided to write again.,A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received,11.What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed C.having not been allowed D.his being not allowed,12.They apologized for _ to attend the meeting.A.their not being able B.their being not able C.them not able D.them being able not,Read this conversation and change the highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses.,James Long:,Well,(1)after listening carefully to you two,I am surprised that you agree with each other.,Having listened carefully to you two,I am surprised that you agree with each other.,Qian Liwei:,(2)When I look back,I find I didnt like some of the questions the audience asked though.It was as if people were not listening.,Lin Shuiqing:,I think the audience was interested in what you said.I liked it when you told that,Looking back,I find I didnt like some of the questions the audience asked though.,joke.I heard the audience laughing.I think they really liked you after that.(3)When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more,I was very impressed.,Hearing what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more,I was very impressed.,Read this conversation and change the highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses.,Qian Liwei:,I certainly think we need to use all our resources in the best possible way.After that,they are limited.We also need to clean up the mess we,made in the past.I like the idea of taxing factories that pollute although getting them to agree would be difficult.,Lin Shuiqing:,Also,you are right about many business people trying to protect the,environment and build the economy at the same time.(4)You made that statement forcefully.As a result,you impressed the audience.They clapped so hard.,Qian Liwei:,Environmentalists have been seen as heroes while,Having made that statement forcefully,you impressed the audience.,economists have been seen as bad boys.That impression needs to be changed and(5)after I talked to you today,I think we should work on some projects together.,Lin Shuiqing:,Good idea.,Having talked to you today,I think we should work on some projects together.,Thank you,