新课标 高考英语专题复习 短文改错 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,短文改错第一章 高考短文改错概说第一节 高考短文改错的题型特点,一、命题原则,高考短文改错题的目的在于测试考生判断、发现、纠,正语篇中语言错误的能力，以考查考生在语篇综合运用英语的准确性。它往往选用一篇,120,个词左右、内容鲜活、语言地道、通俗易懂的短文，供考生在阅读中判断、纠错，从而检测学生综合运用英语的准确性。命题的总原则是整篇理解、分行解题。设错的特点可用四个字来概括：对、错、加、删。解题要求可用四句话来归纳，即正确划,，错词更正，缺词添加，多词删除。四种要求都有相应的规范符号和格式，不可用错和混淆。,二、题材特点,以记叙文为主，题材和语言都符合高中学生的实际；句子结构比较,简单，以简单句为主。学生平时在书面表达中常出现的错误也就是短,文改错要考查的重点。,全国,NMET,高考短文改错内容要点统计表（,NMET19962003,）,内容要点,体 裁,总词数,简单句,并列句,复合句,总句数,NMET1996,访问美国家庭,记叙文,90,6,2,0,8,NMET1997,给英语笔友写信,记叙文,103,3,2,3,8,NMET1998,最喜爱的运动,应用文,109,8,2,1,11,NMET1999,看电视引起的问题,记叙文,93,2,3,1,6,NMET2000,老师鼓励比赛获奖,记叙文,126,4,3,3,10,NMET2001,独生女的烦恼,记叙文,126,4,1,3,8,NMET2002,游览峨眉山,记叙文,124,3,2,5,10,NMET2003,学会用英语写作,记叙文,111,5,0,4,9,三、错误类型,错误类型设置相对稳定，错词通常为六行；正确通常,为一行；多词和漏词通常共三行如下表所示：,NMET1996,2003,全国高考短文改错测试知识点统计表,。,错词,多词,漏词,正确,NMET1996,6,1,2,1,NMET1997,6,2,1,1,NMET1998,6,1,2,1,NMET1999,6,2,1,1,NMET2000,6,2,1,1,NMET2001,6,2,1,1,NMET2002,5,2,2,1,NMET2003,6,2,1,1,四、考点分布,（一）从词法上看，主要考查：动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等（尤其是时态与非谓语动词）；名词、代词的数和格；冠词的基本用法；形容词、副词的比较等级；主谓语一致和其他的一致关系；连词、关系词的使用等。,（二）从句法上来看，涉及到简单句、否定句、疑问句、省略、替代等。,（三）从行文逻辑上看，人物的性别及与之相对应的代词、句义的并列与转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果倒置等，都是值得考虑的因素。,NMET19962003,全国高考短文改错测试知识点统计表,项目,动 词,名词,连词,形容词,副词,代词,冠词,介词,时态,非谓语,NMET1996,2,1,2,1,1,2,NMET1997,3,2,1,1,2,NMET1998,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,NMET1999,1,2,2,1,1,2,NMET2000,2,1,3,1,1,1,NMET2001,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,NMET2002,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,NMET2003,2,1,1,3,1,1,年份,例,4 Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on,your birthday.(2001,北京春,),五、错误类型分析,（一）漏词,句中漏掉了必不可少的词语，导致句子结构和意义不完整，这,些词多为功能词，如系动词,be,、冠词、物主代词、介词及不定,式符号“,to”,等。如：,例,1 Its famous mountain with all kinds of plants andanimals.(NMET2002),析：可数名词表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，故在,famous,前加,a,。,例,2 I was happy with any program but the others spent a lot,time,arguing.(NMET,1999),析：,a lot,加,of,才能接名词，故在,time,前加,of,。,例,3 The day before the speech contest English teacher,talked to,me.(NMET,2000),析：可数名词前应有限定词修饰。根据文意应为“我的英语,老师”，故在,English,前加,my,。,析：,time,本为不可数名词，但当它表示“一段时间”时，前面,要加不定冠词,a,故在,time,前加,a,。,例,1 Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher in the,crowd.(NMET,2000),例,5 My parents love me dearly of course and will do what,they can make sure that I get a good,education.(NMET,2001),析：本句中,can,后省掉了与前面相同的实义动词,do,，后面的,不定式,to make,作状语，故应在,make,前加,to,。,（二）多词,多词错误是指受汉语的干扰和影响，而出现汉语表达方式，,造成冗言，这些词多为冠词、介词、代词或连接词等。如：,析：,catch sight of,为固定词组，意为“看到”，故将不定词,a,去掉。,析：此句是简单句，不含有定语从句，,in other places,是,句子的地点状语，故应将,where,去掉。,例,2 But we dont seem to get much time to talk about,together.(NMET 2001),析：去掉,about,。,例,3 I hope that both you two could come and visit us some,timesoon.(NMET,1995),析：句中,both,与,two,并用，属意义重复。表示“你们”俩可以说,you,two,或,you both.,故应将,both,去掉。,例,4 Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing,for,it.(NMET,2000,春,),析：,all,与,whole,连用，造成语义重复，故将,all,去掉。,例,5 In some places you may borrow as many books as you,want,in other places where you are limited to a certain,number,of which some may be,novels.(NMET,1994),析：句中,my picture and the prize,为并列主语，谓语动词 应用,复数形式，故将,is,改为,are,。,（三）错词,错词原因很多，归纳起来，有以下几个方面：,1,、时态、语态误用,例,1 The time passes,quickly.(NMET,2002),析：原文讲的是上周游览峨眉山，故将,passes,改为,passed,。,例,2 Books must be keep for four weeks.,（,NMET 1994,）,析：根据句意，该句为被动语态，故将,keep,改为,kept,。,2,、非谓语动词误用,例,I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV,demands very little,effort.(NMET,2002),析：动词原形不用作主语，故将,watch,改为,watching,。,3,、主谓是否一致主语和代词是否一致。,例,1 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the,library,。（,NMET 2000,）,.,析：此句中含一个感叹句作,told,的宾语，故应将,that,改为,what,才正确。,例,2 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home,（,NMET1996,）,.,析：句子的主语为复数（,the Smiths=,史密斯夫妇或史密斯一家,人），与之相应的人称代词,his,应改为,their.,4,、形容词和副词（比较等级）的误用,例,1 As a result,people in the modern world generally live,much more longer than people in the past.,（,NMET 1999,）,析：,longer,本身即构成比较级，故将,more,去掉。,例,2 After learning the basic of the subject,nothing else,seemed very practically to me.,（,NMET 2001,春）,析：连系动词后要用形容词，故将,practically,改为,parctical,5,、连接词的误用,例,1 The food was expensive and the service was good.,（,NMET 2002,）,析：这里具有明显转折意义，需把,and,改成,but,。,例,2 I told Mother,Father,Sister and all my friends that,a great time I had,（,NMET 1995,）,析：根据上文可知，电视机卖掉以后全家人都看书，,故应,someone,改为,everyone.,6,、思维定势的干扰,例,I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together.,（,NMET 1995,）,析：尽管,evening,是时间名词，但是,spend,是及物动词，需要,关系代词作宾语，故应将,when,改为,which/that,或者将,when,去掉。,、句式结构中平行、并列关系混乱,例,It was very kind of you to meet me at the railway station,and drove me to your home.(NMET 1996),析：句中,drove,应改为,drive,才能与前面的,to meet,平行并列关系。,例,s we climbed the mountains,we fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.,（,NMET 1999,）,析：通过,fed,与,told,可知,visiting,需改为,visit,。,8,、行文逻辑错误,例,Now someone at home reads instead.,（,NMET 1999,）,第二节 近年高考短文改错题详析,1996,年高考题（保留原题序号，下同）,Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 86-,【,答案和解析,】,本文记述了作者第一次访问一个美国家庭的情况。,86,、去掉,time,。,My first visit,表示“我的第一次访问”。,to a American family.They live in a small 87-,87,、,a,改为,an,。,American,是以元音音素开头的单词，且,family,为单数可数名词,town.It was very kind for them to meet me 88-,88,、,for,改为,of,。,Its very kind of,sb,to do,sth,是一惯用句式，,本句式中,sb,与该句的形容词存在主谓关系。而,its+adj.+for,sb,to do,句式中，,sb,与形容词不存在主谓关系。,at the railway station and drove me to their home.89-,89,、,drove,改为,drive,。,Drive,和,meet,为平行结构，是两个,并列的动词不定式（后一个不定式省略,to,）。,at home.They offered me coffee and other 91-,91,：正确。,drinks.We have a good time talking and laughing 92-,92,、,have,改为,had,。短文基本时态为一般过去时。,together.They eager to know everything about 93-,93,、,eager,前加,were,。系表结构缺少连系动词。,China and asked me lots of question.In fact.94-,94,、,question,改为,questions,。受,lots of,修饰，,question,要用,复数形式。,They are planning to visit China in next year.95_,95,、去掉,in,。当,next,last,this,that,等限定词修饰时间状语时，,前面一般不用介词。,.,The Smiths did his best to make me feel 90-,90,、将,his,改为,their,。,The Smiths,指“史密斯一家人或史密斯夫妇”，所以形容词性物主代词,their,才能与主语一致。,-,1997,年高考题,Dear Bob,Hello.I,learn about you from my English teacher,86-,【,答案和解析,】,本文是一封写给笔友的信。,86,、,learn,改为,learned,。,Learned,动作发生在写信之前。,Miss Fang.Id like to your,penfriend,and get to 87-,87,、,to,后加,be,或,bacome,。,Would like to,句型中，,to,为不定式符号，后面需接动词原形。,know more about your country.,First,let me tell you something more about myself.88-,88,、去掉,more,。这是第一次给笔友写信，,more,在此词不达意。,My name is Li,Hua,.I live in Beijing.where is the 89-,89,、,where,改为,which,。非限定性定语从句缺少主语，,where,只能作状语。,Capital of,China.I,go to,Hongqi,Middle School.90-,90,、正确。,We study quite a few subject such as maths,Chinese,91-,91,、,subject,改为,subjects,。,A few,后接可数名词的复数形式。,English and physics.I use to play ping-pong a lot 92-,92,、,use,改为,used,。,Used to do,sth,为一固定结构，表示“过去常做,”,。,In my spare time,but now I am interesting in 93-,93,、,interesting,改为,interested,。,Be interested in,意为“对,感兴趣”。,Football.Do you play any ball games?What your,favourite,94-,94,、,what,后面加,is,。本句缺少谓语动词。,Sport?I look forward to hear from you soon.95-,95,、,hear,改为,hearing,。,Look forward to,短语中，,to,为介词，后加名词或动名词作宾语。,Yours,Li,Hua,1998,年高考题,My,Favourite,Sport,My,favourite,sport was football.I was a member of 86,【,答案和解析,】,本文介绍了作者喜爱的足球运动。,86,、,was,改为,is,。本文的基本时态为一般现在时,our school football,team.We,practise,for three times.87,87,、去掉,for,。在频率的名词前通常不加介词。,every week and often watch football match on TV 88,88,、,match,改为,matches,。,Matches,为名词复数表示类别。,together.Play,football not only makes us grow up 89,89,、,Play,改为,Playing,。动词原形不能直接用作主语。,tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 90,90,、,give,改为,gives,。,Gives,和,makes,为平行结构，构成并列并列谓语动词。,team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play 91,91,、正确。,for the team instead ourselves.Also,the sport 92,92,、,instead,后加,of,。,Instead of,为固定短语。,teaches us the important of obedience,（服从），,Each 93,93,、,important,改为,importance,。,Teach,后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语。,Player must obey,captain,who,in the leader of 94,94,、,captain,前加冠词,the,。,Captain,为特指,the team.And they must not break the rules too 95,often if we want to win the game.,95,、,they,改为,we,。根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致。,often if we want to win the game.,1999,年高考题,The Problem with Television,Now I cant watch much,television,but,a few years ago,86.,答案和解析,】,本文作者讲述了家里因看电视而引起的问题。,86,、去掉,much,。作者现在根本就不看电视了,I was used to watch it every night.I was often 87.,87,、去掉,was,。,Used to do,sth,意为“过去常常做,”,，,而,be used to doing,sth,则表示“习惯于做,”,。,a little tired after a days work and watch TV 88,88,、,watch,改为,watching,。,Watching,在此句中作主语。,demands very little effort.Unfortunate,there are 89.,89,、,Unfortunate,改为,Unfortunate,。此处要求用副词，作状语。,too many people among my family.Some wanted 90.,90,、,among,改为,in,。此处,my family,为“我的家庭”，因此不用,among,。,to see the,programme,while others preferred 91.,91,、,the,改为,one,。,One,与下一行的,anoother,构成“一个,另一个”。,the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93.,93,、,a lot,后加,of,。,a lot,不能直接修饰名词。,was no way of settling the matter except by 94.,94,、正确。,selling the,set.Now,someone at home reads instead.95.,95,、,someone,改为,everyone,或,everybody,。从全文语义来看，应为“每一个人”。,another.I am happy with any,programme,but 92.,92,、,am,改为,was,。全文都是叙述过去的事情。,2000,年高考题,They day before the speech,contestEnglish,teacher 86.,【,解析,】,本文讲述一学生在老师的鼓励下,参加演讲比赛获胜的故事,86,、,English,前加,my,。,Teacher,为单数可数名词 前面要有限定词。,talked to,me.She,said that she and my schoolmate all 87,87,、,schoolmate,改为,schoolmates,。从常识判断，校友肯定不只一个。,wished me success,but it didnt matter that I would 88,88,、,that,改为,whether,。,Whether,常与,or not,搭配，表示“是否”之意。,win or,not.When,I was on the stage the next day,I felt,so 89,89,、正确。,nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many,people 90.,90,、,as,改为,that,。本句为,sothat,句式，后面是一个以,that,引导的结果状语从句。,present!Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher in 91.,91,、去掉,a,。,catch sight of,（看见、瞥见）为一固定用法。,the crowd,She was smiling but nodding at,me.I,remembered 92.,92,、,but,改为,and,。,Smiling,和,nodding,两个并列谓语之间，没有转折意味。,her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first 93.,93,、,calm,改为,calmed,。从前一句可以知道时态为一般过去时。,prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.94.,94,、,is,改为,are,。因为主语是,my picture and the prize,。谓语动词要用复数。,Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.95.,95,、去掉,often,。句中已有,whenever,，再用,often,，属意义重复。,2001,年高考题,Like most of my schoolmates.,Ihave,neither brothers nor 76,76,、正确。,sisters,in any other,words,I,am an only,child.My,parents 77,77,、去掉,any,。,In other words,为一固定短语，意思是“换句话说”。,love me dearly of course and will do all they can make,sure 78,78,、在,can,后面加,to,。,They can,后面承前省去了一个,do,they can,在此是定语从句修饰,all,，后面的不定式,to make sure,作目的状语，故,to,在此不能省。这句话的意思是“父母亲做他们力所能及的事情，来保证我得到良好的教育”。,that I get a good education.They did not want me to do 79,79,、,did,改为,do,。整篇文章基本时态为一般现在时，此处用一般过去时态，显然错误。,any work at,family;they,want me to devote all my time to 80,80,、,family,改为,home,。,at home,为固定短语。,my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.,We 81,81,、,subject,改为,subjects,。请注意前面的,all,。,may be one family and live under a same,roof.but,we do 82,82,、,a,改为,the,。,same,前应用定冠词。,not seem to get much time to talk about together.It,looks 83,83,、去掉,about,。,about,后面没有宾语，,about,显属多余。,as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do,they 84.,84,、,and,改为,or,。,a visitor,和,a guest,应是选择关系。意思是“好像我我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”。,really understand their own daughter?What things are,in 85.,85,、,What,改为,How,。“我想知道其它家庭的情况是怎样的”。,other homes,I,sonder,.,2002,年高考题,Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to,Emei,Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows.its famous 76,76,、在,famous,前加,a,注意,mountain,是单数可数名词。,moutain,with all kinds of plants and animals.The,weather 77,77,、正确。,Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78,78,、,we,前加,when,，时间状语从句缺少连词引导。,The mountain.The three of them were very excited.As,we 79,79,、,them,改为,us.,短文为第一人称。,climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples 80,80,、,visiting,改为,visited,。,Fed,visited,told,为并列谓语。,and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking,picture 81,81,、,picture,要用复数形式,pictures.,。,since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82,82,、,passes,改为,passed,整个文章基本时态一般为过去时。,Evening came,down.We,spent the night in a hotel at the top 83,83,、去掉,down,。,of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84,84,、,and,改为,but,，因为此处意义发生转折。,good.I,was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85,85,、去掉,at,。,the moment,在此用作连词，相当于,as soon as,。,head touched the pillow.,第三节 高考短文改错的解题技巧,一、短文改错真题分析示范,下面就,2003,年全国高考短文改错题，谈谈短文改错题的解题技巧。,When I first learned to write in English,I ran into many 76,76,、正确。,difficulties.The main problem was in that I always,thought 77,77,、去掉,in,。,was,后面是一个以引导的宾语从句，,in,是多余的。,in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.78,78,、,anything,改为,everything,。,anything,意为“任何事”，,与句意不符。,everyhing,意为“所有的事”，符合句意。,My teacher advised me to keep my diary.I followed her 79,79,、,my,改为,a,。,advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.80,80,、去掉,should,。,put,和,followed,是平行结构，作并列谓语。,Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 81,81,、,talk,改为,talking,。,enjoy,后面要求接动名词作宾语。,learning to express me in simple,English.One,day I wrote82,82,、,me,改为,myself,。,Express oneself,为一固定结构，意为“表明意思、意见，表达思想”。,a little story and showed to my,teachder,.She liked it 83,83,、,showed,后加,it,。,showed,在此作及物动词，后面缺少宾语。,very much and reads it to the,class.All,said the story,was 84,84,、,reads,改为,read,。,liked,和,read,为平行结构，是并列谓语。,a good,one.Their,word were a great encouragement to,me.85.,85,、,word,改为,words,。在此表示“他们的话”之意。,小结：,2003,年高考短文改错题涉及到的语言测试点有：动词时态,2,个，名词复数,1,个，冠词,1,个，介词,1,个，代词,3,个，非谓语动词,1,个。由此可见，善于进行语法分析是做好短文改错题的关键。,二、短文改错题思路点拨,（一）注意语篇环境，侧重语法分析,首先，要认真阅读全文，弄懂文意，了解文章所创设的语言环境，为正确判断创造条件。做题时，要避免“只见树木，不见森林”的现象。眼光不能只盯在单句上，而是要跨越句子层次，从整体的角度，从语篇的角度来分析考虑问题。如第,80,、,84,题，如果眼光只局限于当前 句，恐怕就很难发现错误。做题思考的切入点应放在语法分析上。,（二）注意若干一致性问题,一致性问题也是短文改错题常见的测试点。尤其要注意平行和并列,结构。如,2003,年的短文改错题，从全局考虑，我们就可以发现,许多一致性问题。,80,题,put down,与平行结构,followed,的时态不一致,；,第,84,题,reads,与平行结构,liked,的时态不一致；第,85,题,Their word were a great,主谓不一致等。,在做题的过程中，主要查看的一致关系包括主谓是否一致，代词与指代物是否一致，比较对象和范围是否一致，时态是否呼应，逻辑和语篇结构是否一致等。如：,Between the two buildings stand a hospital.,分析：,stand,改为,stands,。此句为倒装句。主语应为,hospital,，而非,buildings,。,又如：,Both of his parents were,ill.so,he sent for a doctor to see him.,分析：,him,改为,them,。父母亲是两人，应用,them,来代。,（,三）注意词的形式的误用,动词要查看时态、语态、非谓语形式是否误用；名词查看单复数,是否误用；冠词要查看是否漏掉或误用,;,介词要查看搭配是否误用；,形容词、副词要查看三级及相互之间是否误用。如,81,题,enjoy,后面,误用了动词原形，,85,题为名词复数误用单数。,又如：,She looked angrily at the news on the radio.,分析：,angrily,改为,angry,。“,at the news”,相当于“,on hearing the news”,，故,looked,为连系动词，后面要求接形容词。,再如：,A18-meter-long bridge will be built here.,分析：,A,改为,A,。“,18”,的英语读音以元音开头。,（四）注意从（分）句的连接是否恰当要注意那些表示因果、让步、递进、转折、并列等关系的连接词使用是否恰当，是否有遗漏或误用现象。,如：,He knows a lot about radio,and he is young.,分析：,and,改为,though,。后面意义转折。,（五）注意固定搭配、行文逻辑及一般常识,固定搭配，只要平时熟记，改出来应该是不会难的。例如：第,82,题，,如果你知道,express oneself,这一固定搭配。改出来应该是不成问,题的。逻辑方面的错误，应该从语境的角度来考虑。,如：,He hardly did physical exercise,so he became as strong,as a horse.,分析：,so,改为,but,。既然几乎不进行体育锻炼，又怎么,会强壮如牛呢？前后矛盾。,又如：,Its two years since his husband died.,分析：,his,改为,her,。“他”怎么会有“,husband”,呢？,（六）注意四个不改,单词拼写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面去考虑）；标点符号不改。,（七）注意解题规范,要严格按照示范用规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的,10,道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾划划、涂涂改改。要记住，“,”,、“”、“,”,、“,”,、分别代表正确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。如以下做法是错误的，在高考中是要扣分的：,1,Many people are like sports all over the world.,去掉,are,2,Therefore,there are still some countries where people have shorter lives.,Therefor