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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,话题二 科 技,基础自测,.,要点词汇（英语写出词性和意思）,1.anyhow,；,2.astronomy,3.accompany,；,4.arise,；,5.bound,；,adv.,无论如何,即使如此,n.,天文学,astronomer,n.,天文学家,vt.,陪伴,伴奏,vi.,出现,发生,adj.,一定的,密切相关的,6.climate,n.,天气,7.crash,&,；,8.desire,；,9.declare,；,10.divorce,11.differ,n,.,12.explore,&,n,.,探索者,13.electronic,14.exist,；,n,.,n.,气候,weather,vi.,vt.,碰撞,坠落,n.,渴望,vt.,希望得到，想要,n.,宣布,表明,vt.,与,离婚,n.,离婚,vi.,不同,相异,different,adj.,difference,vt.,vi.,探索,探测,探究,explorer,adj.,电子的,vi.,存在,生存,existence,15.float,&,16.favour,；,；,adj,.&,n,.,17.forbid,18.goal,；,；,19.harmful,n,.&,v,.,20.intelligence,；,adj,.,21.,较年幼的,adj,.,22.,团；大量,n,.,23.,反对,vi,.,n,.,vi.,vt.,(,使,),浮动,（使）漂浮,vt.,喜爱,偏袒,n.,喜爱,恩惠,favourite,vt.,禁止,不准,n.,目标,目的,（进球）得分,adj.,有害的,harm,n.,智力,智能,intelligent,junior,mass,object,objection,24.,获得,vt,.,25.,谜,n,.,（使）迷惑,v,.,26.,退休,;,离开,vi,.,27.,信号,n,.,发信号,v,.,28.,解决,vt,.,29.,系统,n,.,30.,全体员工,n,.,31.,撞击；罢工,vt,.,罢工,n,.,32.,抵制,vt.,n,.,obtain,puzzle,retire,signal,solve,system,staff,strike,resist,resistance,33.,欠,vt,.,34.,类型,n,.,打字,v,.,35.,天才,n,.,36.,理论,n,.,37.,不像,prep,.,38.,病毒,n,.,39.,猛烈的,adj,.,40.,自负的,adj,.,owe,type,talent,theory,unlike,virus,violent,vain,.,要点短语,1.as a result,2.be filled with,3.break out,4.be different from,5.be bound to,6.bring back to life,7.cheer up,8.cast down,9.deal with,；,10.from.on,结果,充满,突发,爆发,不同于,一定做,使复生,感到高兴,使沮丧,处理,安排,从,时起,；,11.from time to time,；,12.give birth to,；,13.have an impact on,14.in a way,15.in all,16.in one,s turn,；,17.in all directions,18.in time,；,19.in favour of,20.in vain,21.,状况很好,/,坏,不时,偶尔,产生,分娩,对有影响,在某种程度上,一共，总计,轮到某人,接着,朝四面八方,迟早,及时,赞成，支持,白费力气,in good/poor condition,22.,看起来像,23.,不管；让,一个人待着,24.,下蛋,25.,组成；编造,26.,既然,27.,保护,免受,28.,得到好结果；还清,29.,传,给,30.,给,打电话,31.,伸出手去拿,32.,如此,以致于,look like,leave.alone,lay eggs,make up,now that,protect.from.,pay off,pass on.to.,ring up,reach for.,so.that.,33.,将,放在一边；留出,34.,使,刻骨铭心,35.,转向,36.,试验；考验,37.,认真对待某事,38.,在,的帮助下,39.,看守,监视,40.,当心,提防,set aside,strike.into one,s heart,turn around,test out,take sth.seriously,with the help of.,watch over,watch out,.,查漏补缺,1.I could,(,简化,)difficult,（算术题）,.,2.As a result,I,(,完全地,)changed my,shape.3.Since the 1970s many new,(,用途,)have been found for me.,4.It was not immediately obvious that water,was to be,(,基本的,)to the,development of life.,5.Each,(,宗教,)and culture has its,own ideas about how life began on earth.,simplify,sums,totally,applications,fundamental,religion,6.We visited the moon in our,(,宇宙飞船,)!,7.Make a list of any science,(,小说,),，,literature,films,video games,TV,shows and cartoons you know.,8.However,when she first saw the robot,she,felt,(,惊恐的，害怕的,).,9.Also she felt her home wasn,t,(,优雅的,)enough for someone like Larry who,wanted to improve his social position.,10.Cloning plants is,(,简单的，直接的,)but the cloning of animals,is more complicated.,spaceship,fiction,alarmed,elegant,straightforward,11.The,(,步骤,)works like this.,12.,(,一方面,),the whole,scientific world followed the progress of,the first successful clone,Dolly the sheep.,13.After a while I,(,掌握,的要领,)it and we began to enjoy ourselves.,14.She,(,跌落,)a ladder and even,though Tony was in the next room.,15.We,(,获得第二名,).,procedure,On the one hand,got the hang of,fell off,won second place,导练互动,词汇,1.arise,观察思考,A new difficulty has arisen.,新的困难出现了。,A storm arose during the night.,夜间起风暴了。,归纳拓展,arise,词性：,意思：,；,相关短语：,arise from/out of,起因于,Development arises from the contradiction,inside a thing.,事物的发展起因于它内部的矛盾。,vi.,出现,发生,易混辨异,rise,raise,lift,(1)rise,vi,.,（,rose;risen,）升高，增高；起来。,The temperature will keep on rising for decades or even centuries.,几十年甚至几百年温度将要一直升高。,(2)raise,vt,.,（,raised;raised,）举起；提升；饲,养；抚养。,Dolly,s appearance raised a storm of,objections.,多莉的出生引起了反对的风波。,(3)lift,vt,.,（,lifted;lifted,）举起，抬起。,After the radiation treatment,he was too weak even to lift his hand.,化疗之后，他太虚弱了甚至连手都抬不起来。,能力转化,(1)The prices have been keeping,since,the financial crisis.,A.arisingB.rising,C.liftingD.raising,解析,句意为：自从金融危机物价一直在上涨。,“,上涨,”,此处为不及物动词，只有,rising,为不及,物动词。,B,(2)She,her eyes from her book.,A.roseB.lifted,C.raisedD.B and C,解析,句意为：她从书本上抬起头。,lift,和,raise,都可用作及物动词，作,“,抬起,”,讲，故选,D,。,D,(3)I thought it would be easy,but a lot of,problems have,.,A.risenB.raised,C.arisenD.happened,解析,在四个选项中，只有,arisen,可作,“,出现,”,讲，故为正确答案。,C,2.unlike,观察思考,They were so unlike that nobody would,believe they were sisters.,她们毫无相似之处，谁也不相信她们是姐妹。,Unlike more than half of the competitors,he,managed to finish the race.,不像大部分选手那样半途而废，他在比赛中坚持,跑完了全程。,归纳拓展,unlike,词性：,prep.,adj.,意思：,意思：,与,不同,不同,不像,；,易混辨异,like,dislike,alike,(1)like,prep,.,像,I,ve always wanted a garden like theirs.,我一直想有一个像他们一样的花园。,v,.,喜欢,He likes swimming,but he doesn,t like to go,swimming today.,他喜欢游泳，但是今天他不喜欢去游泳。,(2)dislike,v,.,不喜欢,Unlike his sisters,he disliked gardening.,不像他的姐姐们一样，他不喜欢园艺。,likes and dislikes,n,.,好恶，爱憎,(3)alike,adj,./,adv,.,相同，一样,The climate here is always hot,summer and,winter alike.,这儿的天气总是很热，夏天和冬天一样。,能力转化,(1),这张照片一点也不像他。,(2),他像我父亲那样跟我谈话。,(3),老师只喜欢尖子生，但不喜欢学习不好的学生。,The picture is quite unlike him.,He talked to me like my father.,The teacher only likes the top students but unlikes those who do badly in study.,3.since,观察思考,She,s been off work since Tuesday.,自从星期二以来她一直没来上班。,He left home two weeks ago and we haven,t,heard from him since.,他两周以前离家出走了，我们至今还没有他的音,信。,Jane hasn,t phoned since she went to,London.,简自从去了伦敦还没来过电话。,归纳拓展,since,无论是作为介词、副词还是连词，它引导的时,间状语常跟完成时连用，但在,It is/It was+,时间段,+since.,句式中可以是一般现在时或一般过去时。,since,词性：,prep.,adv.,conj.,意思：,意思：,意思：,自,以后，从,以来,从那以后，到现在,从,以后，自,以来,能力转化,(1),他是在,2007,年当的兵。,(2),（,2008,全国,，,27,）,Have you known,Dr.Jackson for a long time?,Yes,since she,the Chinese Society.,A.has joinedB.joins,C.had joinedD.joined,解析,考查主句用现在完成时，,since,引导的从,句用一般过去时这一结构。,He has been a soldier since 2007.,或,He,joined the army in 2007.,D,(3),（,2008,辽宁，,32,）,I used to love that film,I was a child,but I don,t feel it,that way any more.,A.onceB.when,C.sinceD.although,解析,考查状语从句中连词的用法。句意为：我,小时候很喜欢那部影片，但现在没有那种感觉了。,此处,when,引导时间状语从句。,once,一旦；,since,自从,以来；,although,尽管。,B,4.anyhow,观察思考,Anyhow it,s worth trying.,不管怎样，这值得一试。,It may rain,but we,ll go anyhow.,也许天会下雨，但我们无论如何都要去。,归纳拓展,anyhow,词性：,意思：,；,相关词语：,somehow,adv.,以某种方式；不知怎么地,Somehow,I don,t feel I can trust him.,不知为什么，我觉得不能信任他。,anyway,与,anyhow,为同义词，经常换用。,adv.,无论如何，反正,即使如此,能力转化,(1),无论如何，我今天必须完成这项工作。,(2)I,m certain David,s told you his,business troubles.,it,s no secret,that he owes a lot of money to the bank.,A.HoweverB.Anyway,C.ThereforeD.Though,解析,句意为：,反正，他欠银行很多钱已不,是个秘密了。,anyway,在该句中意为,“,反正,”,。,Anyhow I must finish this work today.,B,5.force,观察思考,Marx was forced to leave his homeland for,political reasons.,由于政治原因，马克思被迫离开了祖国。,You should not force your opinion on others.,你不应把自己的见解强加给别人。,The boss forced his workers into working,day and night.,老板迫使他的工人日日夜夜地工作。,They forced the door open.,（,The door was,forced open.,）,他们用力打开门。,They shouldn,t use force on that country.,他们不应该对那个国家使用武力。,We shouldn,t go against the forces of the,nature.,我们不能违背自然的力量。,归纳拓展,相关短语：,by force,凭借武力；强迫地,come/go into force,开始生效,put.into force,使,生效,(be)in force,实施中,They took the man away by force.,他们强行把那个人带走了。,force,词性：,n.,vt.,意思：,意思：,武力 力量 权力 强大效力,强迫,；,；,；,；,；,强加,The medicine came/went into force.,这药开始生效了。,The government will put the new law into force next month.,政府下个月就要把这项新法律付诸实施。,The rule is no longer in force.,这规则已不再实行了。,能力转化,(1),红军战士迫使敌人投降。,(2),新法律下个月生效。,(3),不要迫使学生做他们不愿做的事。,The Red Army men forced the enemy to,surrender.,The new law will come into force next,month.,Don,t force the students to do what,they don,t want to.,6.owe,观察思考,They asked him to pay what he owed them.,他们要他偿还欠他们的债务。,He owes his success to hard work and,patience.,他把他的成就归功于勤奋和毅力。,归纳拓展,owe,词性：,意思：,；,(1)owe,常与介词,to,连用，构成一种习惯搭配。,(2)owing to,表示,“,由于，因为,”,之意。,vt.,欠,把,归功于,注意,能力转化,(1),由于发生了事故，我们不能及时到那儿。,(2),艾丽斯会看孩子们,她欠我个人情。,We couldn,t get there in time owing to,an accident.,Alice will watch the kids,she owes,me a favor.,(3)We owe,.,A.a great deal to our teachers and parents,B.our teachers and parents to a great deal C.a great deal our teachers and parents,D.a great deal from our teachers and,parents,解析,根据短语,owe sth.to sb.,（把,归功于,某人）可知选,A,项。,A,7.desire,观察思考,He had no desire to return to his family.,他不想回家。,We always desire to live in peace with our,neighbors.,我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。,He desired that these letters be burnt,after his death.,他希望在他死后把这些信件烧毁。,归纳拓展,相关短语：,at one,s desire,应某人的要求,desire(sb.)to do sth.,渴望,/,要求（某人）做某,事,have a strong desire to do sth.,迫切想做某事,have no desire to do sth.,没有做某事的欲望,当,desire,后带宾语从句时，从句谓语动词需,用,should do,should,可以省略。,desire,词性：,n.,vt.,意思：,意思：,愿望 心愿 要求 期望,希望 请求,；,；,；,；,注意,易混辨异,desire,hope,want,wish,这四个词都表示,“,希望；想要,”,的意思。,(1)desire,指由于愿望强烈而迫切希望、渴望，有时,甚至夸大。,(2)hope,指某人希望有一个良好的结果，而且这种希,望是可能得到满足的。,(3)want,多用于口语，表示因缺少某物而急于想得到,它。,(4)wish,常表示难以实现的希望，所以其后的宾语从,句要用虚拟语气。,能力转化,(1),我们希望你很快就会痊愈。,(2),海伦想要件新衣服。,(3),我真希望我会法语。,We hope you will be fit soon.,Helen wants a new dress.,I wish I knew French.,(4)Sometimes,while living in a foreign,country,one,a special dish from home.,A.wishesB.desires,C.cooksD.brings,解析,考查动词的辨析。句意为：有时当一个人,身处异国他乡时，对家乡食品的思念或渴望是很,强烈的。,desire,可表示,“,渴望,”,，这正与语境相,吻合。,wish,作为及物动词后面常带宾语从句，若,表示,“,想得到某物,”,，常用,wish for sth.,来表,示。,B,8.declare,观察思考,The government has declared a state of,emergency.,政府已宣布进入紧急状态。,He declared that the whole project was a,waste of time.,他宣称整个项目是在浪费时间。,To our surprise,he declared himself to be,satisfied.,使我们诧异的是，他表示很满意。,归纳拓展,declare,词性：,&,意思：,；,；,n,.,宣布；宣称,相关句式：,declare sth.,宣布某事,declare that.,宣布,declare sb./sth.(to be)+,adj,.,宣布某人,/,某物,declare for/against.,公开表示支持,/,反对,declare war on/against,对,宣战,vt.,vi.,宣布,宣称,公布,declaration,易混辨异,declare,announce,(1)declare,表示正式地宣告，尤其是对会引起反对,的事情的宣告。,(2)announce,是表示,“,宣布,”,的普通用词，尤其是对大,家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。,They haven,t formally announced their,engagement yet.,他们没有正式地宣布他们的订婚。,能力转化,(1)The manager,（宣布会议开始）,.,(2)The news,(,宣布,)by Radio,Peking.,(3)He,（对,宣称效,忠）,the government.,declared the meeting open,was announced,declared his loyalty to,9.strike,观察思考,The clock struck twelve.,钟敲了十二下。,An idea suddenly struck me.,我忽然想到一个主意。,The dustmen are on strike.,垃圾清运工在罢工。,The nobleman struck the boy with a whip.,那个贵族用鞭子打那个男孩。,归纳拓展,strike,词性：,vt.,n.,意思：,意思：,打,敲响,使突然想起,；,；,罢工,易混辨异,hit,beat,strike,knock,(1)hit,指,“,打中或对准,来打；敲打或打击对方的,某一点；受欢迎的人或事物,”,。,(2)beat,着重,“,连续地打击,”,例如：殴打或体罚；也,指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；也指,“,心跳,”,。,(3)strike,通常指一下一下地打或敲击,;,留下印记,等；还有,“,打动,;,使,着迷,;,某种想法突然闪现在脑,海里,”,的含义；也可指,“,（钟）敲响,”,。,(4)knock,指敲打并伴有响声,它还有,“,打倒,打翻,”,的,意思。,能力转化,(1)A stone,(,砸在他头上,).,(2),浪冲在岸上。,(3),有人在敲门。,hit him on the head,Waves beat the shore.,Someone is knocking.,(4)The song,“,Flower in the Wonderland,”,by,Zhang Shaohan was a,at once and its,recording tape rose to No.1 on the,bestseller list.,A.shockB.strike,C.hitD.beat,解析,考查动词辨析。句意为：张韶涵的歌曲,梦里花,立刻风靡一时，它的录音带跃登畅销,带榜首。,hit,指,“,轰动一时的人物；风靡一时的,作品,”,。,C,短语,1.have.in common,观察思考,Do you have anything in common with each,other?,你们彼此之间有共同之处吗？,Mr.Li and Mrs.Li have this store in common.,李氏夫妇共同拥有这家商店。,归纳拓展,have.in common,；,相关短语,common sense,常识,have nothing in common,无共同之处,have a lot in common,有许多共同之处,in common with,和,一样,与,有共同点,与,共有,易混辨异,common,ordinary,general,，,usual,(1)common,用于物，指,“,不稀奇，很平常,”,，与,rare,相,对；指人,“,没有职务，不高贵,”,。,(2)ordinary,用于物，指,“,天天发生的，很平常的，,非常平淡的，无奇的,”,；指人,“,无特殊地位的，很一,般的，没有优越感的,”,。,(3)general,用于物，指,“,包括一切的，很少有例外,的,”,；指人,“,绝大多数人都适用的,”,。,(4)usual,指,“,通常的，惯例的,”,，强调,“,习惯性的；符,合规章制度的,”,或,“,一贯如此的,”,。,能力转化,(1),史密斯在英语中是个常见的姓。,(2),警察问了他一些通常的问题。,Smith is a very common family name in,English.,He was asked the usual questions by the,police.,(3)Letterboxes are much more,in the UK,than in the US,where most people have a,mailbox instead.,A.commonB.normal,C.ordinaryD.usual,解析,句意为：,letterboxes,在英国比在美国更,常用，在美国大多数人都拥有一个,mailbox,。,Common,意为,“,常见的,常用的,”,，符合题意。,A,2.as a result,观察思考,The conditions are poor;as a result,a,sit-down strike began.,由于条件太艰苦，结果发生了静坐罢工事件。,It rained heavily yesterday.As a result,quite a few students came late to class.,昨天雨下得很大。因此，相当多的学生迟到了。,归纳拓展,as a result,；,，相当于,，用作状语。,相关短语：,as a result of.,由于,的原因（,=because of,）,result in.,导致,result from.,由,导致,结果,因此，所以,therefore,能力转化,(1),由于大雾，所有航班都被迫取消。,(2),成功来自努力。,(3),努力终会成功。,As a result of the fog,all the flights,had to be cancelled.,Success results from hard work.,Hard work results in success.,(4),（,2009,全国,，,13,）,Jenny nearly missed,the flight,doing too much shopping.,A.as a result of,B.on top of,C.in front of,D.in need of,解析,句意为：由于买了太多的东西，,Jenny,差,点误了航班。,as a result of,由于,的原因；,on top of,在,顶部；,in front of,在,前,面；,in need of,需要。由句意知,A,项正确。,A,3.in a way,观察思考,In a way,I,m glad you made that mistake,for it will serve as a warning to you.,从某种程度上讲，你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴，,因为它可以对你敲警钟。,The work is well done in a way.,从某方面讲，工作做得很好。,归纳拓展,in a way,相关短语,on one,s/the way,（,to,）在路上；,(,婴儿,),将要生,产,in the way,造成不便或阻碍,in this way,用这种方法,by way of,途经某地,in no way,绝不,all the way,一直；一路上,by the way,顺便问一下,No way!,没门！别想！,feel one,s way,摸索着走,make one,s way to,行走，前进,在某种程度上，从某种意义上讲,能力转化,(1)You,ll have to move,(,你挡了我的路）,.,(2),Do you want to help?,（决不）,!,(3),I think he is taking an active part in,social work.,I agree with you,.,A.in a wayB.on the way,C.by the wayD.in the way,解析,下句句意为：在某种程度上我同意你的话。,故选,A,。,you,re in my way,No way,A,4.break out,观察思考,During the election period,a big strike,broke out.,竞选期间，爆发了一场大罢工。,A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight.,半夜，他们突然大吵起来。,归纳拓展,break out,（战争、争吵、疾病等）,爆发,易混辨异,break out,break down,break in,，,break up,(1)break out,表示,“,（战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发，,突然发生,”,。,(2)break down,表示,“,破坏，粉碎；失效；失败；分,解，拆开；分类；（车等）发生故障，抛锚；（身,体等）垮下来,”,。,(3)break in,表示,“,引进，吸收；打扰，插话,”,。,(4)break up,表示,“,拆散，打破；分解,”,。,能力转化,(1)2003,年北京发生了,SARS,。,(2),双方谈判已经破裂。,(3),请别打断我们的谈话。,(4),他们的婚姻已破裂。,SARS broke out in Beijing in 2003.,Negotiations between the two sides have,broken down.,Please don,t break in on our conversation.,Their marriage is breaking up.,5.in time,观察思考,We were in time for the train/to catch the,train.,我们赶上了火车。,You will learn how to do it in time.,你迟早能学会做这件事。,归纳拓展,in time,；,及时,迟早,易混辨异,in time,on time,(1)in time,强调,“,不迟，还早,”,。,(2)on time,则是指,“,按时，准时,”,。,The train is/came in on time.,火车准时（到达）。,有关,time,的主要短语归纳：,behind the times(,思想、方法等,),落后，过时,in no time,立即,马上,at the same time,同时；可是，然而,all the time,一直，始终,at all times,总是，始终,at times/from time to time,间或，偶尔，有时,at one time,（过去）有段时间；一度；曾经,at a time,一次；每次,at no time,决不；在任何时候都不,many a time,（,many times,）每次，屡次,for a time,一度；一时，暂时,for the first/last time,第一,/,最后一次,time and time again,一再；屡屡,ahead of time,提早，提前,at any time,在任何时候,能力转化,(1),中国在任何时候都不会成为超级大国。,(2)We were classmates,（一度）,.,(3)Experts have been warning,of the,health risks caused by passive smoking.,A.at a timeB.at one time,C.for some timeD.for the time,解析,have been doing,后面应跟,for+,时间段，,表示一段时间以来一直在做某事；,some time,表,示一段时间，故为正确答案。,At no time will China become superpower.,at one time,C,6.object to sth./doing sth.,观察思考,No one objected to the decision when it was,made.,做出这项决定时没有人反对。,How can James object to my/me going away,with you?,詹姆斯怎么会反对我和你一起走呢？,归纳拓展,object to sth./doing sth.,反对,在以下常用词组中,to,用作介词：,be addicted to,对,入迷,pay attention to,注意,be admitted to,承认,get down to,从事,have access to,进入,refer to,涉及，提及,lead to,导致,look forward to,盼望，期望,abandon oneself to,沉湎于,be devoted to,献身于,be used to,习惯于,contribute to,贡献于,in addit
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