人教版高中英语必修三Unit1-Grammar课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 1 Festivals around the world,Grammar,情态动词（,Modal Verbs),情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带,to,的不定式（即动词原形）连用。情态动词没有人称和书的变化。,can and could,may and might,will and would,shall and should,must and cant,can and could,So he,can,carry heavy books.,ability,He,couldnt,open the door by himself.,ability,Could,you open the door,please?,request,can and could,1),表示能力（,ability,），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：,注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用,be able to,替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用,was/were able to,不能用,could,。,例如,My grandma is over eighty,but she,can/is able to,read without glasses.,We,can/will be able to,talk about the matter later.,I talked with her for a long time,and at last I,was able to,make her believe me.(,不能用,could),can and could,2),表示请求（,request,）或（,permission),意为“可否”、“可以”。,Could,比,can,更有礼貌，在此不是,can,的过去式。,Can,you wait a moment please?,Liz,can,you do me a favor?,Excuse me,could,you tell me the way to the station?,I wonder if you,could,help me.(request),-,Could,I use your phone?,-Yes,of course.You,can,.,Do you think I,could,borrow your bike?(permission),can and could,3)表示可能性,（possibility）,a.can 表示泛指的“可能”，并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。,Accident can happen to any drunken driver.,b.,表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。,例如：,It cant be my father.He is now in England.,-,Can,it rain tomorrow?,-No,it,cant,.,may and might,He,may,be in his office.=(perhaps he is in his office.),He,might,be having lunch.=(perhaps he is having lunch.),may and might,1）表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。,He,may,be very busy now.,(可能性较大),He,might,be very busy now.,(可能性较小),may and might,2）表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。,He,may,go now.,We,may,keep the book for two weeks.,3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。,May,you succeed!,May,you have a nice trip!,may,might,can,could,1.They(can/might)_be away for the weekend but Im not sure.,2.You(may/might)_leave now if you wish.,3.(could/may)_you open the window a bit,please?,4.He(can/could)_be from America,judging by his accent.,5.(may/can)_you swim?,6.Listen,please.You(may not/might not)_ speak during this exam.,might,表示猜测,may,表示许可,could,表示请求,could,表示猜测,can,表示能力,may,not,表示不允许,may,might,can,could,7.They(can not/may not)_ still be out,the light is on in the house.,8.You(couldnt/might not)_ smoke on the bus.,9.With luck,tomorrow(can/could)_be a cooler day.,10.You(can/might)_ be right,but Im going back to check it.,表示许可,couldnt,could,表示猜测,can,not,表示猜测,(,不可能,),might,表示猜测,will and would,1,）表示意愿,表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志,愿望或决心,That bag looks heavy,I,ll,help you with it.,(offering to do sth),-You know that book I lent you.Can I have it back if youve finished with it?,-Of course.I,ll,give it to you this afternoon.,(agreement),Thanks for lending me the money,I,ll,pay you back on Friday.,(promise),will and would,2）表示习惯(habit,custom),This old man is strange.He,will,sit for hours without saying anything.,We,would,sit around Grandpa after supper,listening to his stories.,3）表示请求（request）,用于第二人称,would 比will 更委婉。例如：,Will,you come this way,please?,Would,you open the window?,shall and should,1）shall 的用法,a.shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。,Shall,we put off the sports meeting until next month?,Shall,Tom go there with me tomorrow?,b.shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方,的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。,You,shall,fail if you dont work harder.（警告）,He,shall,have the book when I finish reading it.,(允诺,),He,shall,be punished.,(威胁),2)should 的用法,a.should 表示劝告、建议、命令。,You should go to class right away.,b.should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断,(,prediction，意为“应该”,),，或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。,It is three oclock,the football game,should,begin now.,Mary took dancing lessons for years,so,she,should,be an excellent dancer.,shall and should,1.We _ smoke here,because the worker is carrying some petrol.,2.It is dangerous.You _ leave the room immediately.,3.He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young.,4.Write to me when you get home.,-I _.,5.-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?,-Yes,you_.,6.You have been working all day.You _ be very tired.,7.It is a long time since we met last time.You _ come and see us more often.,8.Why dont you try on this dress?It _ look nice on you.,will,would,shall,should,must:,mustnt,should,would,will,must,must,should,will,表示禁止,不许可,表示建议,命令,表示过去习惯,表示意愿,表示必须,表示肯定猜测,表示建议,表示将会,一定会,must and cant,must 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。,1）表示规定、指令,表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustnt表示禁止,You,must,have a passport if you want to go abroad.,2)表示主观的命令、禁止,表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。,You can go out with your friend but you,must,come back before 11 at night.,-,Must,I hand in the exercise today?,-No,you neednt.,must and cant,3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定。其否定为cant，,意为不可能.。,You,must,be ill.I can see it from your face.,He,cant,be at home.I saw him in the classroom just now.,must and have to,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”,Must,Ifinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,I dont like this TV set.We,must,buy a new one.,There was no more bus.They,had to,walk home.,Not sure,Very sure,He,might,be in the classroom.,He,may,be in the classroom.,He,could,be in the classroom.,He,should,be in the classroom.,He,must,be in the classroom.,情态动词的猜测用法,Group work,Choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.,Situation A:,In a library.Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics,whether they can be renewed or not,and how to do if the books are lost.(“Could you please find?”“May I?”“You mustnt”),Situation B:,A doctor gives a patient some advice.(“You should”),Situation C:,In a park by a lake.Discuss that one should not destroy the environment.(“You should”,“You shouldnt”,“You mustnt”),Situation D:,Requesting an appointment.(“Will you?”“Shall I?”),Group work,Situation E:,You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival.In pairs,one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer,offer and request the items you need.Use these expressions to help you.,Would,you like?,Could,I have?,Might,I suggest?,May,I see?,You,should,try?,Could,we look at?,Can,you see?We,might,take?,Sample dialogue,In the supermarket a customer is talking with the salesman.,A:Hello,I need to buy some things for the Spring Festival.,B:,May,I suggest these gifts for the children?They are very popular.,A:They are pretty,but,could,I have a look at the red paper envelopes on the shelf?,B:Sure,would,you like these ones?They are less expensive.,A:Thats fine.Ill take twelve of them.,May,I see what your pork is like?I need to make dumplings.,B:Of course,its over there.You,should,try some of the cabbage that just arrived.Its very fresh.,A:Ok,could,I have three cabbages and a kilo of pork?I also need some flour.,B:,Can,you see the flour down there?Please take what you need.Thanks for coming in,and have a good holiday.,1.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.,-It _a comfortable journey.(),A.cant be B.mustnt have been,C.shouldnt be D.couldnt have been,D,2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.(),A.had to B.would,C.could D.was able to,D,EXERCISES,3.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure.,must B.can C.may D.will,C,4.-Could I call you by your first name?-Yes,you_.,A.will B.could C.may D.might,C,5.Sorry,I m late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,might B.should C.can D.will,A,6.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.,-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.,A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt,A,7.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,-They _be ready by 12:00.,A.can B.should C.might D.need,B,8.With so much work on hand,you _to see the game last night.,A.mustnt go B.could have gone,C.shouldnt go D.shouldnt have gone,D,9.Johnny,you _play with the knife,you _hurt yourself.(),A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may,C.shouldnt;must D.cant;wouldnt,B,10.I missed the bus,so I _ go home on foot.,A.must B.may C.can D.had to,D,表示“能力”,表示“推测”,表示“许可；要求”,表示“建议”和“义务”,can,must,can,must,could,should,could,have to,could,may,need,may,might,Shall I?,might,must,cant,shouldnt,maynt,mustnt,mightnt,Would you like?,Can?,Will you please?,