高考英语第一轮基础专题复习课件2 北师大版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,三、介词、连词,1.,（,2009,辽宁，,30,）,It just isnt fair;,I was,working as a waiter last,month,my,friends,were lying on the beach.,A.whenever,B.though,C.for,D.while,解析,句意为：这真不公平。上个月当我在做服,务员的时候，我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。表示,“与此同时”用,while,引导时间状语从句。,D,2.,（,2009,辽宁，,32,）,Children need friends,their own age to play with.,A.of,B.for,C.in,D.at,解析,句意为：孩子们需要与同龄的孩子一起玩,耍。表示“同龄的”用（,be)of ones own age,。这,是“,be of+,抽象名词”结构的延伸用法。,3.,（,2009,山东，,32,）,Shall we have our picnic,tomorrow?,it,doesnt rain.,A.Until,B.While,C.Once,D.If,解析,句意为：,明天我们去野餐吗？,只,要不下雨（就去）。,D,A,4.,（,2009,江苏，,30,）,This special school accepts,all disabled students,educational level,and background.,A.according,to,B.regardless,of,C.in,addition to,D.in,terms of,解析,according to,根据；,regardless of,不,管，不顾；,in addition to,除,之外（还）；,in terms of,从,的观点，从,的角度。本,题选,B,项。句意为：这所特教学校接收所有的残,疾学生，不管他的受教育水平和背景如何。,B,5.,（,2009,湖南，,22,）,Most Americans would,prefer to keep their problems,themselves,and,solve the problems,themselves.,A.to;by,B.by;to,C.for;to,D.in;on,答案,A,解析,句意为,:,大多数的美国人愿意把难题留给,自己，并自行解决。表示“把,留给自己”用,keep.to.,；表示“独立地，独自地”用,by,oneself,。,6.,（,2009,湖南，,34,）,the police thought he,was the most likely,one,since,they had no,exact proof about,it,they,could not arrest him.,A.Although,B.As,long as,C.If,only,D.As,soon as,解析,句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是,由于没有确切的证据，他们不能逮捕他。表示让,步用,although;as,long as,表示条件，意为“只,要”；,if only,表示条件，意为“要是,就好,了”；,as soon as,表示时间，意为“一,就,”,。,A,7.,（,2009,宁夏，,34,）,Everybody was touched,words after they heard her moving,story.,A.beyond,B.without,C.of,D.in,解析,句意为：当他们听说了她的感人故事后都,感动得说不出话来。,beyond words,无话可说，不,知该如何表达，为固定词组。,A,8.,（,2009,重庆，,21,）,Try on this red,skirt;you,will,look great,it.,A.on,B.by,C.in,D.for,解析,句意为：试试这条红裙子，你穿肯定很漂,亮。如选,A,，应改为：,The skirt looks great on,you.,。,by,在,旁边；,for,为了，均不合题意。,C,9.,（,2009,重庆，,27,）,Peter was so excited,he received an invitation from his friend to,visit Chongqing.,A.where,B.that,C.why,D.when,解析,句意为：当彼得收到他朋友去重庆参观的,邀请的时候，他非常兴奋。本题易错选,that,。但,由句意知并不是“如此,以致”之意。,where,表,地点，,why,表原因，均不合句意，故选,D,。,D,10.,（,2009,湖北，,29,）,Youd sound a lot more,polite if you make a request,a question.,A.in,search of,B.in,the form of,C.in,need of,D.in,the direction of,解析,in search of,寻找；,in the form of,以,的形式；,in need of,需要；,in the,direction of,朝,的方向。句意为：如果你以,问题的形式提出要求的话，听起来会有礼貌得多。,B,11.,（,2009,山东，,33,）,It saves time in the kitchen,to have things you use a lot,easy reach.,A.near,B.upon,C.within,D.around,解析,句意为：在厨房里把你常用的东西放在随,手可及的地方，那样会节省时间的。,within,easy reach,随手可及，在附近。,C,12.,（,2009,四川，,12,）,Owen wouldnt eat,anything,he cooked it himself.,A.until,B.since,C.unless,D.while,解析,句意为,:,欧文不会吃任何东西，除非是他,自己做的。,A,项意为“直到”；,B,项意为“从,以,来”,;C,项意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句；,D,项,意为“当,的时候”。,C,13.,（,2009,上海，,32,）,You cant borrow books,from the school library,you get your,student card.,A.before,B.if,C.while,D.as,解析,句意为,:,在你得到学生证之前不能从学校,图书馆借书。,if,是否，假如；,while,在,同,时；,as,当,时候,均不合题意。,A,14.,（,2009,四川，,6,）,A great person is always,putting others interests,his own.,A.below,B.above,C.in,D.on,解析,句意为,:,一个伟大的人总是把别人的利益,置于自己的利益之上。,A,项意为“在,下面；低,于，劣于”；,B,项意为“在,上面；高于，优,于”；,C,项意为“在,里面，在,方面”；,D,项,意为“在,上面；关于,”,。,B,15.,（,2009,陕西，,13,）,My parents dont mind,what job I do,I am happy.,A.even,though,B.as,soon as,C.as,long as,D.as,though,解析,A,项意为“即使”；,B,项意为“一,就,”,；,C,项意为“只要”；,D,项意为“似乎，好,像”。句意为：只要我快乐我父母不介意我做什,么工作。,C,介词的分类,1.,按结构分,普通介词（如,:,at,by,for,in,over,to,up,等）,合成介词（如,:,onto,into,within,without,）,分词介词（如：,concerning,considering,including,等）,介,词,简,单,介,词,定义：,是由,一个,单词,构成,的介,词。,双重介词：是由两个简单的介词重叠使用而构,成的（如：,from,behind,from,among,）,短语介词：两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语,构成的，一般来说，这个短语的最后一个词是,简单介词。,（如：,in case,of,according,to,out,of,because,of,by,means of,in spite,of,instead,of,）,注意,介词与某些动词、名词或形容词常常有比较固定的搭配。如：,belong to,属于；,love for,对,的爱；,full of,充满,。,介,词,2.,按意义分,表示时间的介词：,at,on,in,，,after,for,since,by,till,until,during,表示地点、位置的介词：,in,at,round,around,beyond,on,beneath,over,under,above,below,up,down,before,behind,between,among,表示方向、方位的介词：,to,in,for,at,表示空间运动的介词：,along,across,through,over,up,down,from,to,into,out,of,介,词,表示工具、方法和手段的介词：,with,by,in,through,on,表示原因的介词：,because,of,owing,to,due,to(,一般不位于句首,),，,on account,of,at,for,from,with,of,，,without,，,besides,except,except,for,but,apart,from,（意思较广）,表示让步的介词：,in spite,of,despite,after,all,for,all,with,all,介,词,常考连词一览表,并,列,连,词,并列（联合）,and,both,.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well as,转折（对比）,but,while,yet,however,whereas,nevertheless,因果,so,for,选择,or,or,else,otherwise,either,.,or.,rather than,（而不，也不）,从属连词,状语从句,时间连词,after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,while,as,soon,as,whenever,the,moment,the,first time,地点连词,where,wherever,方式连词,as,as,if,as,though,原因连词,considering(,that),now,(,that),because,since,as,seeing,that,结果连词,so,that,so,.,that,such,.,that,in,such a way,that,with,the result that,从属连词,状语从句,目的连词,so,that,in,order,that,in,case(,that),lest,(,that),for,fear that,条件连词,if,unless,as,(so)long,as,on,condition(,that),supposing,(,that),provided,/providing(that),让步连词,though,although,even,if/even,though,no,matter.,however,whatever,while,比较连词,as,than,as,.as.,not so.as,连词与分词的应用错误,The flowers his friend gave him will die unless,every day.,A.watered,B.watering,C.water,D.to,water,本题是对英语中省略问题的考查。这类问题,在英语高考试卷中经常出现，是考生经常出错的问,题。本题的完整形式为：,.unless,（,they are,）,watered every day,。,they are,(,指,the,flowersare,),被省,略了，故本题的答案为,A,项。,【,解题探究,】A,。在省略问题中，有这样的一类问,题：当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且,从句的谓语动词中有,be,动词时，从句中的主语和,be,动词可以同时省略。请参看下面的例句：,If you go to,Xian,you,will find the palaces there,more magnificent than(they are)commonly supposed.,如果你去西安的话，你会发现那里的宫殿比它们通常被认为的更加壮观。,with,复合结构的误用,with,复合结构实际上可以表示为“,with+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”结构，这个宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。另外，考生还要了解,with,复合结构在句中可以充当原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、定语等。,(2008,福建,34)You have no idea how she finished the relay race,her foot wounded so much.,A.for,B.when,C.with,D.while,考生易因分析不清结构而选错答案。分析题干,可知，句中的“,her foot wounded so much,”,并不是,一个句子，排除,A,、,B,、,D,项中的连词，故选项,C,为,本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】C,。,with,复合结构是一个在高考中常,考的知识点，它的构成为“,with+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”，,其中的,with,介词，其宾语补足语采用何种形式要由它,与宾语之间的关系决定。根据语法知识可知，动词,wound,是一个及物动词，常用于被动语态结构，,with,是一个介词，后不能接句子，故本题只能选,C,项。,wounded,为过去分词，表示被动的含义。,单项填空搭配型,搭配型试题主要考查考生对英语中固定搭配的识记和运用，主要包括动词、名词、介词等的固定搭配。在备考过程中要注意对英语习语、短语特别是动词短语进行归纳、比较。做题时，考生一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子的结构，正确理解句子的意思；另一方面要明白常用习语的多种不同的意思，并且能区别相似习语的意义，从而选出正确答案。,介词,（,1,）介词与名词：,answer to,key to,the reason for,the cause of,advice on,lack of,a picture of,（,2,）介词与形容词：,be afraid of,be active in,be tired of,be bored with,be prepared for,be suitable for,be familiar to/with,be free from,（,3,）介词与动词搭配：,talk about,prevent.from,belong to,get over,depend on,object to,refer to,look forward to,make up for,devote to,动词,（,1,）动词,+,介词：,deal with,处理；,turn to,求助于；,look at,看；,act on,照,行事；,respond to,对,作出回应,（,2,）动词,+,副词：,carry out,执行,;give in,让步；,hand out,分发；,see off,给,送行,（,3,）动词,+,副词,+,介词：,put up with,忍受；,live up to,不辜负；,hold on to,坚持；,do away with,废除；,get along with,与,相处；,think highly of,对,评价很高,（,4,）动词,+,名词,+,介词：,shake hands with,与,握手；,make friends with,与,交朋友；,make fun of,取笑；,catch sight of,看到,;lose interest in,对,失去兴趣,（,5,）动词,+,介词,+,名词：,arrive at a conclusion,得出结论；,come to ones help,前来帮助某人；,come into effect,生效,形容词、副词,（,1,）（,be,）,+,形容词,/-ed+,介词：,be strict with,对,要求严格；,be fond of,喜欢；,be proud of,为,感到自豪；,be covered with,被,覆盖；,be packed with,挤满,；,be lined with,排列着,（,2,）形容词,+,副词：,right away,立即,（,3,）副词,+and+,副词：,up and down,上上下下地,;back and forth,前前后后地,名词,（,1,）名词,+,名词：,bookshop;women teachers,（,2,）名词,+,介词：,kind of,（,3,）名词,+,介词,/and+,名词,:,arm in arm,手挽着手；,day after day,日复一日；,year by year,一年又一年；,day and night,夜以继日；,face to face,面对面,做这类题时，应注意以下几个方面：,1.,明确习惯用语或固定搭配的准确意义；,2.,运用合理的方法，兼顾相关信息；,3.,对于词语辨析题要对语境、语法结构、词语搭配、词语意义和上下文进行全盘考虑。其方法为,分析比较法,对所给试题的语法知识和语境进行比较分析，弄清楚题干的真正意思，然后联系上下文，进行结构分析并作出正确判断。,（,2008,江苏，,23,）,Is Peter there?,please.Ill see if I can find him for,you.,A.Hold up B.Hold on,C.Hold out D.Hold off,解析,hold on,意为“不要挂断，请等一会儿”，符,合句意，其余选项均不是打电话时的用语。,B,对号入座法,将自己掌握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对照分析，然后将各个选项直接代入空格处检查，从而选出正确答案。,After studying in a medical college for five,years,，,Jane,her job as a doctor in,the countryside.,A.set outB.took over,C.took upD.set up,解析,考查动词短语辨析。,take up,为“从事，,做,”,的意思。,C,排除法,根据某些固定句型或词组的搭配要求进行正确选择，再根据题干内容，将那些明显不符合语境和逻辑的选项排除，最后就可以根据语境，找到能够讲得通的正确选项。,(2008,江苏，,28)Why do you suggest we,buy a new machine?,Because the old one has been damaged,.A.beyond reachB.beyond repair,C.beyond controlD.beyond description,解析,A,项意为“无法到达”；,B,项意为“无法修,理”；,C,项意为“无法控制”；,D,项意为“无法描述”。,由句意可知，,B,项正确。,B,1.,（,2009,济南二次统考）,Its a mistake to,think of Florida only,its tourist,attractions.,A.in addition toB.by way of,C.in terms ofD.by means of,解析,in addition to,除了，此外；,by way,of/by means of,通过,方式；,in terms of,就,而言。句意为,:,认为佛罗里达只在旅游方,面有吸引力是错误的。,C,2.,（,2009,潍坊二次质量检测）,having,some money does add to our sense of,happiness,having too much money does not.A.WhileB.When,C.AsD.Until,解析,该题考查连词。,while,此处是连词，引导让,步状语从句，意为“尽管”。句意为：尽管有些钱,能够增加我们的幸福感，但是太多的钱却不能给,我们带来幸福。,A,3.,（,2009,潍坊二次质检）,Where shall we,go to spend the weekend?,Nowhere,anywhere you like.,A.in allB.in general,C.in caseD.in particular,解析,该题考查介词短语。句意为：,我们到,什么地方去过周末？,没有什么特别的地方，,你喜欢的地方就行。,in all,总共；,in general,总,的来说，一般来说；,in case,以防，万一；,in,particular,尤其，特别。,D,4.,（,2009,潍坊一次质检）,Many adults agree,that teenagers shouldnt live alone,they,have their parents permission.,A.ifB.unless,C.in caseD.now that,解析,句意为：许多大人一致认为除非有父母的,允许，否则青少年不允许单独居住。,unless,除,非；,in case,万一,;now that,既然，由于。,B,5.,（,2009,潍坊一次质检）,Equal treatment for,all is guaranteed in this area,race,religion or sex.,A.in need ofB.in spite of,C.regardless ofD.in terms of,解析,该题考查介词短语。句意为：不分种族、,宗教或性别，在这个地区人人都享有平等的待遇。,regardless of,不管，不顾。,C,6.,（,2009,青岛二次质检）,Unable to work at a,steady job,a terminal illness,he,decided to volunteer at the local children,center.,A.at the cost ofB.as a result of,C.in case ofD.at the risk of,解析,考查词组辨析。句意为：由于患有一种不,治之症，他无法有一个稳定的工作，于是他决定,去当地的儿童中心做义工。,at the cost of,表示,“以,为代价”；,as a result of,表示“由,于,”,；,in case of,表示“要是,”,；,at the,risk of,表示“冒着,的危险”。根据句意，应,选,B,项。,B,7.,（,2009,青岛二次质检）,he lives in a,large flat and owns much money,he doesnt,seem as happy as before.,A.WhileB.Whether,C.UnlessD.Before,解析,考查连词。句意为：尽管他住在大公寓,里，还有很多钱，但他好像不像以前那样快乐了。,while,此外表示“尽管”，所以这里选,A,项。,A,8.,（,2009,青岛一次质检）,I was halfway back,to the hospital where the doctor was working,Susan caught up with me.,A.whenB.since,C.untilD.though,解析,该题考查连词的用法。,when,意为“当,时,候”。,A,9.,（,2009,日照二次调研）,the Web is,so popular,Chinese leaders recognize it as,an important platform for listening to the,people.,A.WhenB.Though,C.AsD.While,解析,考查原因状语从句。句意为：因为网络如,此流行，中国领导人把它作为一个倾听民声的重,要的平台。,C,10.(2009,烟台二次模拟,)There are three,persons waiting ahead of you.Please be,seated,your number is called.,A.whileB.after,C.sinceD.until,解析,考查连词的用法。,until,表示“直,到,”,，即坐在这里等着，直到叫到你的号。,其他几项不合题意。,D,11.(2009,烟台二次模拟,)Foreign trade has,been developing very fast in Guangdong.Yes.Guangdong is Chinas largest,province,foreign trade volume.,A.in terms ofB.in spite of,C.in case ofD.in favor of,解析,考查介词短语。,in terms of,意思是,“从,方面来说，就,而言”；,in spite of,意思是“不顾，不管”；,in case of,意思是“万,一”；,in favor of,意思是“支持，赞成”。显然只,有,A,符合语意：广东是中国在外贸额方面最大的,省份。,A,12.(2009,济南模拟,)As I grew up in a small,town at the foot of a mountain,the visit to the,village,scenes of my childhood.,A.called upB.called for,C.called onD.called in,解析,call up,唤起；,call for,需要；,call on,号,召；,call in,召集。本题题意为“,本次参观使,我想起了童年的情景。”因此选,A,。,A,13.(2009,济南模拟,)How long do you think,it will be,China sends another,manned spaceship?,Perhaps two or three years.,A.whenB.until,C.thatD.before,解析,考查状语从句。“,It will be/was+,时间,+before+.”,是个固定句式，意思是“多久后才,会,/,多久后才,”,。句意为：你认为多久后,中国才会再次发射载人飞船？其他选项不符合句,式结构要求。,D,14.(2009,烟台模块检测,),repeated,assurances that the product is safe,many,people have stopped buying it.,A.In spite ofB.On account of,C.Because ofD.As a consequence of,解析,考查介词词组辨析。句意为：尽管不断保,证说该产品是安全的，但是很多人还是不再购买,了。所以这里选,A,。,A,15.(2009,淄博质检,)I didnt quite follow him,because he explained the theory,that,is too abstract for me.,A.out of the wayB.on the way,C.in a wayD.by the way,解析,考查短语辨析。,in a way,在本题中表示“以,某种方式”，句中的,that,引导定语从句，修饰,way,。,C,16.(2008,山东命题专家原创卷（一）,)I hate,to say it,your bike has blocked the way.A.andB.but,C.soD.or,解析,考查连词的用法。句意为：我尽管不太想,说，不过您的自行车把路挡住了。,but,作连词时可,用于引出下文，表示吃惊、生气或不同意。从句,子的前后关系可以排除其他选项。,B,17.(2008,山东命题专家原创卷（二）,)If you,can make up your mind about the color,I,can start on the outside of your house.,Well,right now I cant decide whether I,want white or yellow for the door,but,Ill let you know tomorrow,.,A.in caseB.above all,C.at lastD.for sure,解析,考查介词短语辨析。,for sure,介词短语作,状语，表示“肯定”，符合题意。,in case,当“以,防，万一”讲，,above all,最重要的是。,D,18.(2008,山东命题专家原创卷（二）,)In the,past few years,my home village has changed,recognition.,A.fromB.beyond,C.overD.with,解析,考查介词。表示“超出，非,所能及”，,应该用,beyond+,n,.,。,B,19.(2008,山东命题专家原创卷（三）,),private cars are bringing us convenience,they may also cause more traffic accidents,and pollution.,A.WhileB.As,C.IfD.Since,解析,while,在此题中是连词，用于句首表示让,步，意为“尽管，虽然”。句意为：尽管私家车给,我们带来了方便，但它们也带来了更多的交通事,故和污染。,as,引导让步状语从句时用倒装语序。,A,20.(2008,山东命题专家原创卷（三）,)You,seemed to have been impressed by the,singer.,Well,not exactly so.It was his way of,singing,the singer himself that,really impressed me.,A.rather thanB.as well as,C.but alsoD.together with,解析,该题考查强调句中被强调部分之间的连接,词的用法。由语境“是他的演唱方式而不是他,（歌手本身）打动了我”可知,A,为正确选项；,as,well as,together with,两项虽然结构上也对，,但不符合语境“,not exactly so”,。,A,.,单项填空,1.(2009,山东命题专家原创卷（七）,)Theres no,decision yet,when the work might start.,A.due toB.as to,C.in addition toD.owing to,解析,考查词组。,due to,由于；,as to,至于；,in,addition to,除,之外；,owing to,因为。句意为：,至于什么时候开工还没有确定。,B,2.(2009,山东命题专家原创卷（八）,)It is most,important to chew your food for a while,whether vegetable or meat,you swallow,it down.,A.afterB.for,C.beforeD.until,解析,考查状语从句。句意为：不管你的食物是,蔬菜还是肉，在咽下之前咀嚼一会儿是最重要的。,当主句谓语动词强调动作的迟缓性时只能用,before,，而不用,until,，而且句中常有时间段状语,或时间段暗示。本题就是考查,before,这一用法的。,C,3.(2009,山东命题专家原创卷（十）,)We should try,every effort to prevent violence from,happening at school,more and more,students would drop out of school,their,personal safety could not be guaranteed.,A.for;now thatB.for;if,C.though;so long asD.though;if only,答案,B,解析,考查连接词。第一个空处表示原因，第二,个空处表示条件，句意为：我们必须竭尽全力阻,止校园暴力的发生，因为如果人身安全得不到保,障，就会有越来越多的学生辍学。所以第一个空,填,for,，第二个空填,if,。,4.(2009,山东名校联考卷（一）,)Doing your,homework is a sure way to improve your test,scores,and this is especially true,it,comes to classroom tests.,A.beforeB.since,C.whenD.after,解析,when it comes to sth./to doing sth.,是,一固定句型，意为“当涉及某事,/,做某事时”。,C,5.(2009,山东名校联考卷（二）,),you have,made up your mind to go there,I will,accompany you.,A.ForB.Since,C.BeforeD.While,解析,考查状语从句的引导词。,since,表示“既,然，因为”，通常放在句首，表示对既知事实的陈,述，也可以表示理由；,for,常置于句中，而不置于,句首。句意为：你既然已经下定决心去那里了，,我就陪你去吧。,B,6.(2009,山东名校联考卷（二）,)He is too young,and what you have said is completely,his imagination.,A.overB.beyond,C.beneathD.around,解析,beyond ones imagination,意思为“超出,某人的想像”。句意为：他还小，你所说的都超乎,他的想像。,B,7.(2009,山东名校联考卷（二）,)Foreign tobacco,companies have targeted young people in,Taiwan,new research concludes.,A.by chanceB.for purpose,C.in personD.by intention,解析,考查固定短语。,by chance,偶然地,;by,intention,故意,;in person,亲自，亲身,;for,purpose,为了,目的。句意为：最新研究得出：,外国烟草公司故意把目标对准台湾的年轻人。,D,8.(2009,山东名校联考卷（五）,)After graduating,from college,he just didnt know what is,for him in the future.,A.in storeB.at heart,C.in preparationD.within reach,解析