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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 3 A healthy life,人教,版英语,.,词汇,1,ban,A,a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense,2,abuse B,to make,sth,stronger or become stronger,3,desperate C,feeling or showing great despair or ready to do anything regardless of danger,4,strengthen D,to make a bad or wrong use of,5,stress E,to say that,sth,must not be done,seen,used,etc.,6,due F,feeling embarrassed and guilty because of,sth,you have done,7,automatic G,to leave a job,school etc.,especially without finishing it completely,8,mental H,relating to the health or state of someones mind,9,quit I,done without thinking,especially because you have done the same thing many times before,10,ashamed J,owed to someone either as a debt or because they have a right to it,答案：,1.E,2.D,3.C,4.B,5.A,6.J,7.I,8.H,9.G 10,F,.,短语,1,due _,由于,2,give _,放弃，戒掉,3,become addicted _,对,有瘾,4,_ and _ again,再三地，反复地,5,become accustomed _,习惯于,6,do damage _,伤害，损伤,7,_ on,对,做出决定,8,throw _,扔掉，抛弃,9,feel _(doing),想要,(,做,),10,instead _,代替，而不是,答案：,1.to,2.up,3.to,5.over;over,5.to,6.to,7.decide,8.away,9.like,10.of,.,语篇导读,根据课文内容完成下列短文。,Choose a day that is not _,1,_ to quit smoking.Make a list of all the _,2,_ you will get from stopping smoking._,3,_ all your cigarettes at the end of the day before you plan to _,4,_.Reread the list of benefits you wrote when you _,5,_ smoking.Develop some other habits like walking,drinking some water,cleaning the house and so on to keep your mind and your hands _,6,_.,If you feel _,7,_ or stressed,try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing.You can stop smoking with a friend.If you feel really bad,ask a doctor or _,8,_ for help.The most important thing is to _,9,_.Dont feel _,10,_ if you weaken because some people have to try many times before they finally quit smoking.Never give up and you will make it.,答案：,1.stressful,2.benefits,3.Throw away,3.quit,5.feel like,6.busy,7.nervous,8.chemist,9.keep trying,10,ashamed,1,ban,1),v,.,明令禁止；取缔,The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.,政府已经禁止使用化学武器。,sb,from,sth,/from doing,sth,禁止某人做某事,(,或去某处等,),Shes been banned from driving for six months.,已禁止她开车，,为期六个月。,2),n,.,(on,sth,),禁令,There is a ban on smoking in the theatre.,这剧院内禁止吸烟。,The police lifted the ban against parking in this street.,警察取消了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。,【,词语辨析,】,ban,forbid,prohibit,这三个动词均含有,“,禁止,”,之意。,1)ban,语气最强，指权威机关明文取消或禁止严重危害公众利益的事或行为，含,“,严厉谴责,”,之意，只能用事物作其宾语。,Swimming is banned in this lake.,这个湖里不准游泳。,2)forbid,通俗用语，指直接地、面对面地吩咐不许他人采取某种行动。,The doctor forbids him to smoke.,医生禁止他吸烟。,3)prohibit,正式用词，多指通过法律手段或制订规则加以禁止。,The law prohibits stores from selling cigarettes to children.,法律禁止商店向儿童出售香烟。,【,知识运用,】,采用,prohibit,forbid,或,ban,的适当形式填空：,The new military government,has_strikes,and demonstrations.,Their,father_them,to go.,The high cost of the,machine_its,widespread use.,I,cant_you,/your seeing that man again.,Women wear shorts,are_from,visiting the temple.,They threatened,to_the,book.,答案：,banned,译文：新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。,forbade,译文：他们的父亲禁止他们去。,prohibits,译文：这机器价格昂贵，很难普及使用。,forbid,译文：我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。,prohibit,译文：禁止穿着短裤的妇女进入寺院。,ban,译文：他们威胁要禁止该书。,2,due(,adj,.),1),to,sth/sb,由于；因为,The teams success was largely due to her efforts.,该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。,2),(to do,sth,)|,(for,sth,),预订；预期；预计,The boat is due to arrive at 12.,船预计在,12,点到。,3),到期,My rent isnt due till Wednesday.,我的租金星期三才到期。,4),(to,sb,),应支付；应给予；应归于,That money is due to me,but I havent got it yet.,那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。,5),(for),sth,应有；应得的,She was due for a rise.,她该加薪了。,【,词语辨析,】,due to,because of,thanks to,owing to,as a/the result of,这几个短语都可以用来表示,“,原因,”,。,1)due to,用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重,“,起因于,”,，在句中多作表语，状语或后置定语。有人认为在动词之后或从句之首用,owing to,表示,“,因为,”,更合适，因为,due,为形容词。,The accident was due to/owing to his driving at high speed.,这起交通事故是由于他高速开车引起的。,He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic.,他迟到是因为交通拥挤。,Mistakes due to careless may have serious consequences.,由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能会带来严重的后果。,2)because of,介词短语，用于名词、代词，形容词或宾语从句前，着重某种原因的理由，在句中通常作状语。,The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because of the fog.,由于有雾，警察告诫驾车者减慢速度。,Because of the storm he didnt go there.,因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。,3)thanks to,突出一种感激之情，含,“,多亏,”,意味。只能作状语；既可用于褒义又可用于贬义，表示讽刺的口吻。,It was all a great successthanks to a lot of hard work.,由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。,Everyone knows about it now,thanks to you.,多亏了你，现在大家都知道了。,4)owing to,可以和,due to,换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可用于句首或句末，与句子的其他成分用逗号隔开。,They could not cross the river owing to the flood.,由于洪水，他们不能过河。,Owing to/Due to the heavy traffic,he was late.,因交通拥挤，,他迟到了。,Toms failing in the exam was owing to his careless.,汤姆由于粗心而考试不及格。,5)as a/the result of,表示,“,由于,；作为,的结果,”,，在句中作状语。,His illness is a/the result,of(eating)bad,food.,他的病是吃了变质的食物的结果。,He was late as a result of the snow.,他由于下雪迟到了。,【,知识运用,】,(1)(2007,浙江,19)The,openair,celebration has been put,off_the,bad weather.,A,in case of,B,in spite of,C,instead of D,because of,答案：,D,本题题意：由于天气恶劣，户外庆祝活动被推迟了。,because of,表示,“,因为,”,。,(2)Accidents_driving at high speed were very common that weekend.,A,due to B,because of,C,thanks to D,owing to,答案：,A,本题题意：在那个周末，因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。,due to,可直接用于名词之后，担任定语。,(3)(2008,福建永安市,)_what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people,a shortage of public vehicles(,交通工具,)remains a serious problem.,A,Except for B,Due to,C,Because of D,In spite of,答案：,D,本题题意：尽管,(,政府,),在最近已经作出了巨大努力，为市民提供更多的公共车辆，但是公共交通工具短缺仍旧是一个严重的问题。,in spite of,表示,“,尽管；虽然,”,。,(4)Rose,is_start,school in January.,A,thanks to B,due to,C,owing to D,because of,答案：,B,本题题意：罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。,be due to do,sth,/be due for,sth,表示,“,预定；预期；预计,(,做,),”,。,(5),采用适当的介词填空：,The plane is,due_London,at five.,He was only taking back what was,due_him,.,Shes,due_promotion,soon.,He had to withdraw,due_a,knee injury.,答案：,at,译文：飞机定于五点到达伦敦。,to,译文：他只是拿回了他应得的东西。,for,译文：她不久就要晋升了。,to,译文：他因膝伤不得不退出。,3,tough(,adj,.),1),艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的,He had a tough time getting into a good college.,他好不容易才进了一所好大学。,2),(on/with,sb/sth,),严厉的；强硬的；无情的,They are very tough on drunk drivers.,他们对酒后驾车者十分严厉。,Police have been getting tough with drivers.,警察最近对司机严厉起来了。,3),坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的,You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.,要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志。,4),剽悍的；粗暴的；粗野的,You think youre so tough,dont you?,你以为自己够厉害的，是不是？,5),坚固的；不易切开,(,或打破、撕破等,),的,I bought a tough pair of shoes specially for the climb.,我专门为登山买了双结实的鞋子。,6),(on,sb,),不幸的；倒霉的,It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that.,他就这样被队里刷了下来，真是倒霉。,【,知识运用,】,(1)Its time to,get_with,football hooligans.,A,rough B,tough,C,strong D,firm,答案：,B,本题题意：现在该对足球流氓采取强硬措施了。注意：,be firm with,表示,“,对,严格的,”,。例如：,Parents must be firm with their children.,父母对孩子一定要严格。,(2)The government has promised to get,tough_crime,.,A,in B,on,C,at D,against,答案：,B,本题题意：政府承诺对犯罪行为采取严厉措施。,be/get tough(on/with,sb/sth,),表示,“,采取坚决态度；,采用强硬手段,”,。,4,addicted(adj.),1),(to,sth,),上瘾；成瘾；有瘾,He became addicted to the drug.,他上了毒瘾。,2),入迷,The children are addicted to computer games.,孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。,【,知识运用,】,(1)Harry is,so_to,alcohol that hed sell his soul for a bottle of whisky.,A,accustomed B,devoted,C,buried D,addicted,答案：,D,本题题意：哈里如此沉溺于喝酒，结果他会为一瓶威士忌而出卖灵魂。,be,addicted(to,sth,),表示,“,上瘾；成瘾；有瘾,”,。,(2)It is easy for students to become,addicted_the,excitement of these programs and neglect their homework.,A,with B,in,C,on D,to,答案：,D,本题题意：学生很容易沉溺于这些刺激的节目中，而忽视了他们的功课。,be,addicted(to,sth,),表示,“,上瘾；成瘾；有瘾,”,。,5,accustomed(,adj,.),1),to,sth,/to doing,sth,习惯于,I get accustomed to working inside the room of noise and excitement.,我习惯于在喧闹的房间里工作。,She isnt accustomed to public speaking.,她不太习惯在公开场合讲话。,2),通常的；惯常的,He took his accustomed seat by the fire.,他在炉火边惯常坐的座位上坐了下来。,He wandered far from the accustomed haunts of boys,and sought desolate places that were in harmony with his spirit.,他避开平常孩子们经常玩耍出没的地方，专找适合他此时心情的僻静地方。,【,知识拓展,】,accustom(,v,.),oneself/,sb,to,sth,使习惯于,They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather.,他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。,I have accustomed myself to working long hours.,我已习惯于长时间工作。,【,知识运用,】,(1)Accustomed,to_the,steep mountains,he had no difficulty reaching the top.,A,climbing B,climb,C,having climbed D,have climbed,答案：,A,本题题意：早已习惯了攀登陡峭的山峰，他毫不费力地登上了山顶。,get accustomed to,表示,“,习惯于,”,，,to,为介词。,(2)Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you,are_to,being more formal when you first meet someone.,A,accustomed B,subjective,C,familiar D,associated,答案：,A,本题题意：你可以向对方笑笑，说你已经习惯，初与人见面的时候总是比较拘谨，过一阵就会直呼其名字了。,be accustomed to,表示,“,习惯于,”,。,6,quit(,v,.),1),(as,sth,),离开,(,工作职位、学校等,),；离任；离校,Im going to quit next week.,我下星期辞职。,He quit the show last year because of bad health.,去年他因为身体欠佳而退出了表演。,2),停止；戒掉,You must quit smoking.Most important of all,you should start taking exercise.,你必须戒烟，更重要的是，你该开始运动。,We only just started.Were not going to quit now.,我们才刚刚开始，现在决不放弃。,3),离开；迁出；搬离,(,住处,),If he doesnt pay his rent,he will receive notice to quit.,如果他不付房租，他将被通知搬出去。,We decided it was time to quit the city.,我们当时决定，该离开城市生活了。,【,词语辨析,】,quit,pause,stop,这三个动词均含有,“,停止,”,之意。,1)quit,指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。,Many people think he has no reason to quit the job,But he did without hesitation.,很多人都认为他不应该辞去那份工作，但他却毫不犹豫地辞职了。,2)pause,指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。,He paused when he heard steps behind him.,他听到后面有脚步声便停了下来。,3)stop,指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。,Why stop the entire process just because something is missing?,为什么停止整个过程，仅仅是因为遗漏了某些内容？,【,知识运用,】,(1)If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetablesand quit_.,A,worrying B,to worry,C,being worried D,to be,worring,答案：,A,本题题意：如果你想气色好，就要充分休息，每天坚持锻炼，多吃生水果和蔬菜，而且别发愁。,quit,表示,“,停止；戒掉,”,，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。,(2),采用,quit,pause,或,stop,的适当形式填空：,When he had run up the hill,he_for,a minute to rest.,Will,you_making,that horrible noise!,He got his present job when,he_the,army.,I had,to_the,gathering in order to be home by midnight.,Cant,you_your,son from getting into trouble?,He_for,a moment,and then continued his speech.,答案：,paused/stopped,译文：他跑上小山时，停下来休息了一会儿。,stop,译文：你别再弄出那种讨厌的响声来行不行！,quitted/quit,译文：他退伍后得到现在这份工作。,quit,译文：为了能在午夜前到家，我不得不离开聚会。,stop,译文：你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦？,paused,译文：他停顿了一下然后继续讲话。,7,effect(,n,.),1)C&U,(on,sb/sth,),效应；影响；结果,This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.,这对母子俩的将来影响很大。,I tried to persuade him,but with little or no effect.,我尽力劝他，,他根本不听。,2)C&U(,艺术家或作家所要创造的特定,),外观；声响；印象；效果,The general effect of the painting is overwhelming.,这幅画给人总的印象是很有气势。,The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.,舞台灯光产生月夜景色的效果。,【,知识拓展,】,1)bring/put/carry,sth,into practice,使生效；实行；实施,The new system will soon be put into effect.,新系统即将启用。,2)come/go into effect,生效；开始实施,The new seatbelt regulations came into effect last week.,新的安全带规则上周开始实施。,3)have an effect/impact on/upon,对,有影响；,对,起作用，,产生效果,Her illness has had a bad effect on her work.,她的病对工作有很大的影响。,4)be of/to no effect,无效，,没有作用，,不中用,We warned them,but to no effect.,我们警告过他们，但完全没用。,5)cause and effect,因果,It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.,这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来。,6)in effect,实际上；事实上,The two methods are in effect identical.,这两种方法实际上是一样的。,(,法律或规则,),在实施中；有效,The old tax regulations will remain in effect until next June.,旧税法到明年六月前仍然有效。,7)take effect,开始起作用；见效,The medicine quickly took effect.,药很快见效了。,生效；开始实施,The contract takes effect as of October 1.,本合同从十月一日起生效。,【,词语辨析,】,effect,，,affect,influence,这些词均含,“,影响,”,之意。,1)effect,表示,“,影响,”,时，用作名词。,Punishment had very little effect on him.,惩罚对他没有什么效果。,2)affect,指,“,产生的影响之大足以引起反应,”,，着重,“,影响,”,的动作，,有时含有,“,对,产生不利影响,”,的意思，,其主语通常是物而不是人。,This article will affect my thinking.,这篇文章将会影响我的思想。,3)influence,侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。,No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.,谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。,【,知识运用,】,(1)Everything that happens has a cause and_.,A,affect B,impact,C,effect D,influence,答案：,C,本题题意：事情发生了，,就会有它的前因后果。,cause and effect,表示,“,因果,”,。,(2)Any options users set should be remembered,so that the options,remain_effect,until manually changed.,A,with B,on,C,in D,upon,答案：,C,本题题意：无论用户设置的选项是什么，程序都应该记住。,这样一直保留这些选项，直到用户手工将其改变。,in effect,表示,“,在实施中；有效,”,。,(3),采用,effect,affect,或,influence,的适当形式填空：,I dont want,to_you,.You must decide for yourself.,The change in climate,may_your,health.,Alcoholic drink can have a,bad_on,your body.,答案：,influence,译文：我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。,affect,译文：气候的变化可能影响你的健康。,effect/influence,译文：含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。,8,strengthen(,v,.),加强；增强；巩固,The wind strengthened during the night.,夜里风刮得更大了。,The current strengthened as we moved down the river.,我们顺流而下时，,水流更急了。,Difficulty strengthens the mind,as labor does the body.,劳动强身体；艰难励意志。,【,词语辨析,】,strength,energy,force,power,这些名词均有,“,力,”,之意。,1)strength,指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为,force.,它尤其指承受重物的力量。,For a small woman she has surprising strength.,她个子虽小但力大惊人。,2)energy,用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。,His work seemed to lack energy.,他工作似乎缺乏干劲。,3)force,尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的力。,He did it with a great force.,他用了很大的力才把它做完了。,4)power,可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物理学意义上讲，,power,更多指机械、爆炸或大自然的力量。,There was a lot of power behind that blow.,那一击的力量很大。,【,知识运用,】,(1)Our object is to,further_friendly,relations between the two countries.,A,firm B,weaken,C,strengthen D,increase,答案：,C,本题题意：我们的目标是进一步增进我们两国之间的友好联系。,strengthen,表示,“,加强；增强；巩固,”,。,(2)(2006,湖北,21)To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know,their_and,weaknesses.,A,strengths B,benefits,C,techniques D,values,答案：,A,本题题意：为了使队员们表现得更加出色，教练首先要了解他们的强项和弱点。,strength,表示,“,优势；优点；长处,”,。例如：,Before using it,you should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the argument.,在使用一个论据之前，你应该明白它的有力之处和薄弱之处。,(3),采用,strength,energy,force,或,power,的适当形式填空：,Sitting out here,you really can feel,the_of,the sun.,I have hardly,enough_left,to move my feet.,Young people usually have,more_than,the old.,The solar cell can convert,the_of,sunlight into electric energy.,1,500meter race is his_.,The_of,the explosion broke all the windows in the building.,She lost,her_of,speech.,The soldiers took the prisoners away by_.,答案：,power,译文：本题题意：坐在这里，你可以感到太阳的力量。,power,表示,“,力；力量；能量,”,。,strength,译文：我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。,strength,表示,“,体力；力气；力量,”,。,energy,译文：青年人通常比老年人精力充沛些。,energy,表示,“,精力；活力；干劲,”,。,energy,译文：太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。,energy,表示,“,能源,”,。,strength,译文：一千五百米赛跑是他的强项。,strength,表示,“,优势；优点；长处,”,。,force,译文：爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。,force,表示,“,力；力量,”,。,power,译文：她失去了说话的能力。,power,表示,“,(,身体、心智的,),某种能力,”,。,force,译文：士兵们强行把犯人带走了。,force,表示,“,武力；暴力,”,。,9,desperate(,adj.,),1)(,因绝望而,),不惜冒险的，不顾一切的，拼命的,A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.,一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。,2)(,行为,),绝望的；孤注一掷的；铤而走险的,He was desperate when he lost all his money.,当他丢了所有的钱时，他绝望了。,3),(for,sth,)|,(to do,sth,),非常需要；极想；渴望,He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.,他渴望有个工作，挣钱供养子女众多的家。,4),极严重的；极危险的；很危急的,They face a desperate shortage of clean water.,他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。,【,知识运用,】,(1)The man lost in the desert was,desperate_water,.,A,with B,over,C,for D,on,答案：,C,本题题意：在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。,be desperate for,sth,表示,“,非常需要,；渴望,”,。,(2)Suddenly,he was awakened by a kind,of_cry,for help.,A,desperate B,hopeful,C,fantastic D,incredible,答案：,A,本题题意：突然，他被一种绝望的呼救声吵醒了。,a desperate cry for help,表示,“,绝望的呼救声,”,。,10,disappoint(,v,.),1),使失望,Dont disappoint me by being late again.,别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。,2),使破灭；使落空,This disappointed his plans.,这件事打乱了他的计划。,【,知识拓展,1,】,1)disappointed(,adj,.),失望的；沮丧的；
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