高考英语一轮复习 Module 7 Unit 21 Human Biology课件 北师大版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Module 7,Unit 21,Human Biology,重点单词,1,digest,vt,.,消化；领会，领悟,【,精讲拓展,】,digest food,消化食物,digest the important points,领会要点,have a good/poor digestion,消化能力强,/,弱,the digestive system,消化系统,news digest,新闻摘要,【,典型例句,】,As carbohydrates are digested,，,the body turns them into sugar and starch.,机体消化碳水化合物，并把它们转化成糖和淀粉。,美国传统,Cheese doesnt digest easily.,乳酪不易消化。,朗文当代,It took me some time to digest what I had heard.,我花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。,朗文当代,He has a good digestion.,他的消化力很强。,朗文当代,Reporters must digest facts quickly in order to write their stories.,记者必须迅速弄清事实以便写报道。,美国传统,即学即用,完成句子,读书不思考就像吃东西不消化。,Reading without reflecting is like eating without _.,油腻食物对你的消化系统有害。,The rich food is bad for your _ system.,答案,：,digesting,digestive,2,tolerate,vt,.,容忍；忍受,【,精讲拓展,】,(1)tolerate(sb./ones)doing,sth,.,容忍,(,某人,),做某事,(2)be tolerant of/towards sb./,sth,.,容忍某人,/,某事,(3)have no tolerance for jokes of any kind,容不得开任何玩笑,(4)the tolerable levels of pollution,可接受的污染程度,警示误区,(1)tolerate,常用于否定句。,(2)tolerate,后接动名词，但不接不定式。,【,典型例句,】,I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.,我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。,朗文当代,Many old people have a very limited tolerance to cold.,许多老年人对寒冷的忍受力很差。,朗文当代,Try and show some tolerance.,努力表现得宽容些。,朗文当代,【,词语辨析,】,abide/bear/endure/stand/tolerate,都可表示“忍受”的意义，但用法有所不同。,(1),在疑问和表示极不喜欢的否定句中，,abide,，,bear,，,stand,和,endure,均与,can,连用，但,endure,只用于表示非常严肃的事情。,I cant abide/bear/stand black coffee.,我喝不了浓的咖啡。,I cant endure talking to people who are racists.,与那些种族主义分子交谈，我可真受不了。,(2),表示忍受肉体上的痛苦也可用,bear,，,endure,和,stand,，而,endure,则指忍受长时间的痛苦。如：,He bore/stood the pain as long as he could.,他尽可能长时间地忍着疼痛。,She had endured great pain for a number of years.,她已忍受了好几年极大的痛苦。,(3),表示容忍人或某行为用,tolerate,，,但它不能用于表示痛苦。如,I wont tolerate your rudeness.,我不会容忍你的粗暴无礼。,即学即用,用所给单词的适当形式填空,I cant tolerate my son _(talk)at table.,Perhaps you need to be more _(tolerate)of your,neighbours,.,答案,：,talking,tolerant,3.doubtful adj.,怀疑的，不肯定的,【,精讲拓展,】,be doubtful about,对,怀疑的,be doubtful whether/if.,怀疑是否,in doubt,不肯定，不确定,without doubt,无疑，确定,I dont doubt that.,我确信,I doubt whether/if.,我怀疑,Theres no doubt that.,毫无疑问,【,典型例句,】,He says he can do it,，,but Im rather,doubtful(about,it),他说他能干这事，但我,(,对此,),颇为怀疑。,朗文当代,Im doubtful whether she will agree to this.,我不能肯定她是否会同意这点。,朗文当代,I doubt if/whether we will make a profit out of it.,我认为我们不大可能从此事中获利。,朗文当代,I doubt that well arrive on time.,我看我们可能无法准时到达。,美国传统,【,词语辨析,】,doubt/wonder,(1)doubt,指对其后所述的事实表示“怀疑，不相信”，后面可接名词或代词作其宾语；也可接宾语从句。接从句时，其肯定句一般接,whether,或,if,引导的从句；否定句和疑问句一般接,that,引导的从句。,I doubt if he will come,我怀疑他是否会来。,Do you doubt that he will come?,你怀疑他会来吗？,I dont doubt that it will rain today.,我相信今天会下雨。,(2)wonder,表达“感到奇怪时”，其后接,that,从句、不定式等；当表达“想知道”时，其后接,if,或,whether,或,why,，,when,，,where,等词引导的从句。,Do you wonder that she speaks French so well,？她法语讲得这么好，你觉得奇怪吗？,I wonder whether he has come.,我想知道他来了没有。,There is no doubt _ John will come on time.,A,if B,why C,that D,how,解析,：,考查同位语从句。句意为：毫无疑问约翰会按时到,达。,There is no doubt that.“,毫无疑问,”,，故答案为,C,。,答案,：,C,4,oppose,vt,.,反对,【,精讲拓展,】,(1)oppose A against/to B,把,A,与,B,相对照或相比,(2)oppose oneself to,反对,(3)opposed,adj,.,相反的，对立的,(4)sb.be opposed to,sth,./doing,sth,.,某人反对做某事,(5)as opposed to,与,相对；与,成对比,(6)opposite,adj,.,相对的，对面的,n,.,对立的人,(,或物,),；对立面,警示误区,：,在,be opposed to,词组中,，,to,为介词，后跟名词、,代词或动名词。,【,典型例句,】,The President opposes giving military aid to this country.,总统反对向该国提供军事援助。,朗文当代,We are opposed to the use of pesticides.,我们反对使用杀虫剂。,美国传统,This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.,这是一本讲商业实务，而不是讲理论的书。,朗文当代,Black is the opposite of white.,与白色相反的是黑色。,朗文当代,【,词语辨析,】,oppose/object/resist,oppose,，,object,和,resist,三者都含“反对”的意思。,(1)oppose,为及物动词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，着重指动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。如,The father opposed his sons marriage.,父亲反对儿子的婚事。,(2)object,常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重指“个人厌烦”和“提出反对意见”，为不及物动词，后常与,to,连用。如,I objected to his plan.,我反对他的计划。,(3)resist,指“积极地反抗、对抗，用武力阻止,的前进”。如,The villagers were resisting the enemy.,村民们正在抵抗敌人。,即学即用,翻译句子,我将反对改变这个法规。,_,该国无力抵抗侵略。,_,答案,：,I will oppose changing the law./I will object to,changing the law.,The nation was unable to resist the invasion.,5,contradict,vt,.,与,(,其他事物,),相矛盾；反驳，否认，顶嘴,【,精讲拓展,】,contradict,sth,.,同,矛盾,/,抵触,contradict sb.,反驳某人,in contradiction to,与,互相矛盾,cotradictory,statements,矛盾说法,【,典型例句,】,If you contradict me once more,，,youre fired.,你再顶撞我一次，我就解雇你,朗文当代,The witness gave information that contradicted previous testimony.,这位证人提供的信息与之前的证言不符。,美国传统,Its a contradiction to say you support the government but would not vote for it in an election.,你说你支持政府，但又在选举中不投客观存在的票，这是自相矛盾的。,朗文当代,Your,behaviour,is in(direct)contradiction to your principles.,你的行为与你的原则互相矛盾。,朗文当代,即学即用,翻译句子,他不敢顶撞他的父母。,_,他们的短期重点和长期目标互相矛盾。,_,答案,：,He didnt dare to contradict his parents.,Their,shortterm,priorities are in direct contradiction,to their,longterm,goals.,6,complicated adj.,复杂的,【,精讲拓展,】,(1)complicate,v,使复杂,(2)to complicate matters further(,插入语,),使事情更难办的,是,(3)complication,n,复杂化；,(,使复杂的,),因素,(4)add a further complication to,给,增加困难,【,典型例句,】,These new rules have complicated the tax system even further.,这些新规定使税收制度更加复杂。,剑桥高阶,Its rather complicated to explain,，,but Ill try.,这事解释起来相当复杂，不过我试试吧。,朗文当代,There are six candidates and,，,to complicate matters still further,，,every voter has four votes.,有六名侯选人，使事情更为复杂化的是，每个选民可以投四个人的票。,朗文当代,If any complications arise,，,let me know and Ill help.,如果发生什么麻烦事，告诉我一声，我会帮忙的。,剑桥高阶,【,词语辨析,】,comlex,/complicated,(1)complex,指“包含许多尤其是不同的部分，因而比较难懂或难解释的”。,This is a complex problem.,这是一个复杂的问题。,(2)complicated,指“各部分相互交错而变得错综复杂”。,The story is extremely complicated.,这个故事情节特别错综复杂。,即学即用,完成句子,Thats a really _ machine.,Plans for the release of political prisoners _ _,by a fresh outbreak of terrorist activity.,答案,：,complicated,were complicated,7,seek,vt,.,寻求；设法，试图,【,精讲拓展,】,(1)seek(for),sth./sb,.,寻找某物,/,某人,(2)seek in vain for,sth,.,寻找某物徒劳无功,(3)seek employment,求职,(4)seek advice/help/permission/approval from,sb,.,询问某,人的意见,/,寻求某人的帮助,/,征求某人的许可,/,同意,(5)seek to do,sth,.,设法做某事,(6)seek ones fortune,外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡,(7)seek,sb./sth.out,挑选出；物色,【,词语辨析,】,seek/look for/search/hunt for,(1)seek,一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用法。可构成,seek for,，,seek after,等短语，作“寻找，设法得到”等讲。其后可接动词不定式，此时表示“试图，企图”。,They seek information from various sources.,他们从各种来源收集信息。,(2)look for,强调找的过程。,He is looking for his dictionary bought yesterday.,他在找昨天买的那本词典。,(3)search,通常指对某处、某地进行搜查或搜索；对象为人时指“搜身”。常接,for,构成短语,search for,，作“寻找；搜寻”讲，其对象多为人或物，如找矿，找资料，找文件，找工作等。它强调寻找的行为，不着重结果。,The police searched him but nothing was found on him.,警方搜了他的身，但什么也没找到。,They are searching for the missing child.,他们正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。,(4)hunt for,指竭力搜寻，其搜寻对象往往是某种迫切需要的东西或人。,This is just the thing I am hunting form.,这正是我在找的东西。,Theyve been hunting for you everywhere.,他们一直在到处找你。,(5)find,通常强调找的结果，其后可跟名词，复合结构或,that,从句。,find fault“,挑剔”，为固定搭配。,Use your head,，,and then youll find a way.,开动脑筋，就会有办法的。,He found his home village unchanged.,他发现家乡还是老样子。,(6)find out,指通过观察、调查、询问等方式找出,(,原因等,),，或发现,(,秘密、错误等,),情况，其后一般跟名词、代词或从句。,Have you found out his address,？你查到他的住址了吗？,Please find out when the train leaves.,请打听一下火车什么时候开。,【,典型例句,】,We are earnestly seeking after the truth.,我们在认真地寻找真理。,朗文当代,The travelers sought shelter from the rain.,旅行者在找地方躲雨。,朗文当代,You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.,在这件事情上你应征求你律师的意见。,朗文当代,While he was at the library,，,Steve decided to seek out some information on accommodation in the area.,史蒂夫在图书馆的时候，决定查找一些有关该地区住宿的信息。,剑桥高阶,即学即用,He wondered whether he chose to make a further study,abroad or found a stable job,，,so he _ advice,from his parents.,A,seeked,B,listened C,looked for D,tried finding,解析,：,“,寻求建议,”,用,seek advice,表示。,B,项中,listen,为不,及物动词，要加,to,可表示,“,听取,”,；,C,项中,look for,意为,“,寻,找,”,，不符合语境；,D,项中,try finding,改为,try to find,即可,选，意为,“,试图寻找。,”,答案,：,A,8.prohibit,vt,.,禁止；阻止,【,精讲拓展,】,prohibit.from doing,sth,.,禁止,做某事,prohibit smoking,禁止吸烟,prohibition against selling drugs,禁止卖毒品的法令,stop/prevent.(,from)doing,sth,.,禁止,做某事,keep.from doing,sth,.,禁止,做某事,【,典型例句,】,We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.,工作时间内我们不得喝酒。,朗文当代,The price prohibited us from buying it.,这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。,朗文当代,Environmental groups want a total prohibition on the dumping,of nuclear waste.,环保组织要求彻底禁止倾倒核废料。,朗文当代,The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition,against the hunting of whales.,该环保组织要求彻底禁止捕猎鲸鱼。,剑桥高阶,即学即用,翻译句子,办公楼内禁止抽烟。,_,这机器价格昂贵，很难普及使用。,_,答案,：,Smoking is prohibited in the office building.,The high cost of the machine prohibits it from being,widespread.,9,identify,vt,.,确认，认出；找到，发现,【,精讲拓展,】,identify,sb./sth.(as,sb./sth,.),确认，鉴定,identify oneself,透露身份,identify the problem areas,找问题所在,identify what is wrong with.,弄清问题,(,弊端,),identify with,sb,.,与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情,be identified with,与,关系紧密,identify,sth.with,sth,.,认为某物等同于,【,词语辨析,】,identify/recognize,(1),词义和搭配,identify,vt,.,认出；识别；鉴定,(,后接,sth,.,与,with,连用,),认为同一；,(,后接,sb,.,与,with,连用,),与,有关系；,(,常与,with,连用,),同情；理解,recognize,vt,.(,常与,as,连用,),认识；认出；辨认；承认；认可；认识到；公认；赏识,(2),表示词义不同,recognize,侧重于认出某人的结果。而,identify,有仔细辨别的意思，强调过程。,The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify.,标记模糊不清，难以识别。,recognize an old acquaintance,认出一位老相识,【,典型例句,】,She was asked to identify the criminal.,她被要求辨认罪犯。,朗文当代,She identified herself to the police as the driver of the vehicle.,她向警察确认自己是这辆汽车的驾驶员。,朗文当代,Reading this book,，,we can identify with the main character.,阅读这本书，我们会发现自己与书中主人公有同感。,朗文当代,Many football fans are unfairly identified with violent,behaviour,.,许多足球迷被不公正地与暴力行为相提并论。,剑桥高阶,即学即用,完成句子,她认出袭击她的人。,She was able to _ _ _.,迄今为止他们还没有找到公司的买主。,As yet they _ _ _ _,_ _ _ _.,你不应该认为财富就等于幸福。,You should not _ wealth _ happiness.,答案,：,identify her attacker,have not identified a,buyer for the company,identify,；,with,10,foresee,vt,.,预见,【,精讲拓展,】,foresee(sth./that/whclause,),预知,foreseeable risks/consequences,可预料的危险,/,后果,in/for the foreseeable future,在可预见的未来,foresight,n,预见，先见之明；深谋远虑,foretell(foresee,的同义词,),预言，预测,【,典型例句,】,I dont foresee any,difficulities,so long as we keep within budget.,只要我们不超出预算，我看不出会有什么困难。,剑桥高阶,He foresaw that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.,他预知他的旅行将会受恶劣天气的耽误。,朗文当代,Its impossible to foresee whether shell be well enough to come home from hospital next month.,现在还无法预知下个月她是否可以康复出院。,朗文当代,The house certainly needs a new roof,but we cant afford one in the foreseeable future,这座房子确实需要换新屋顶但在可预见的将来我们没有足够的钱,.,He had the foresight to invest his money carefully.,他深谋远虑，投资谨慎。,即学即用,用,foresee,的适当形式填空,He _ that prices would drop next year.,The statue will remain in the museum for the _,future.,答案,：,foresaw,foreseeable,11,temporary adj.,临时的，短暂的,【,精讲拓展,】,a temporary job,一项临时工作,a temporary speaker,临时演讲者,be temporarily unavailable,暂时得不到,警示误区,：,temporary,的反义词为,permanent,adj,.“,永久,的，持久的,”,。,【,典型例句,】,Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.,学生们常常在暑假打临时工。,朗文当代,We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these building works.,对于建筑施工造成的短期不便，我们谨致歉意。,朗文当代,Her position is being filled for now by a temporary person.,她的职位暂时由一位临时工作人员顶替。,美国传统,The daily flight to Dallas has been temporarily suspended.,每天飞往达拉斯的航班暂停。,朗文当代,即学即用,翻译句子,半数以上的职员是临时雇员。,_,她是临时在这儿工作。,_,答案,：,More than half of the staff are temporary.,Shes only working here temporarily.,21,21,12.decline,vt,.,下降；婉拒，婉言谢绝,【,精讲拓展,】,decline steadily,持续下降,decline an offer,婉拒提议,decline to do,sth,.,婉拒做某事,decline,n,下降，减少,a decline in.,在,的方面的减少,fall/go into a decline,不景气,in decline,on the decline,在下降，在衰退,declining,adj,.,越来越少的；越来越差的,警示误区,：,decline,作,“,婉言谢绝,”,讲时，不能用人作宾,语。即不能说成,I declined him.,或,He was declined,。,【,典型例句,】,His influence declined as he grew older.,随着年龄的增长，他的影响力降低了。,I asked them home for a snack,，,but they declined.,我请他们来家里吃顿便饭，他们谢绝了。,美国传统,The official at first declined to make a,statememt,，,but later she agreed.,这位官员起初拒绝发表声明，但后来她又同意了。,朗文当代,The birthrate is on the decline.,出生率在下降。,朗文当代,There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.,今年的利润大幅度下降。,朗文当代,【,词语辨析,】,refuse/decline/reject/turn down,(1),上述动词或短语皆指“拒绝”，指不去做别人要求你所做的事或不接受别人提供的某物。但拒绝不同的事物要用不同的动词。,refuse/decline an invitation,拒绝邀请,refuse permission,拒绝批准,decline/reject/turn down a suggestion,拒绝一项建议,refuse/decline/reject/turn down an offer,拒绝提议或报价,reject/turn down a plan/a proposal,拒绝一个计划或建议,(2)decline,比,refuse,更礼貌些，而且口气不很坚决。,I offered to give them a lift but they declined.,我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。,The prisoner refused to give his name.,那个囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。,(3),用,decline,表示用言辞拒绝，而,reject,或,refuse,则不一定用言辞表示。,The horse rejected/refused the apple.,这匹马不肯吃苹果。,The minister declined to comment on the,rumours,.,部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。,即学即用,翻译句子,他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。,_,他婉言谢绝了我的邀请。,_,答案,：,His interest in computer games is now in decline.,He declined my invitation.,22,23,22,23,13,submit,vt,.,提交,【,精讲拓展,】,submit,sth.to,sth,.,将,提交给,submit oneself to,sth,.,自愿服从,submit to,sth,.,忍受,submit to.,向,认输,/,屈服,make a submission to.,向,作出陈述,in submission,投降,警示误区,：,在,submit.to,词组中，,to,为介词,。,【,典型例句,】,He was losing the fight but he would not submit.,他正节节败,退，但是他并不服输。,朗文当代,We are submitting the proposal to the committee for their,approval.,我们把建议提交委员会审批。,朗文当代,They submitted themselves to his judgment.,他们服从他的判决。,美国传统,June the third is the last date for submission of entries for the competition.,6,月,3,日是提交参赛表格的最后期限。,朗文当代,He expects his wife to be meek and submissive.,他期望妻子温顺而且完全听他摆布。,朗文当代,即学即用,完成句子,我把试卷交给主考老师。,I _ my papers _ the examiner.,我听从你的明智的判断。,I _ _your superior,judgement,.,答案,：,submitted,；,to,submit to,24,24,25,25,重点短语,1,at random,随便地，随意地,【,精讲拓展,】,(1)random,adj,.,胡乱的，任意的，随机的,(2)a random sample of voters,随机抽样挑出的投票者,(3)the random killing of innocent people,对无辜者的随意杀戮,(4)randomly selected/distributed,随意挑选的,/,任意分配的,(5)an element of randomness to the situation,形势的不稳定因素,【,典型例句,】,The people for the experiment were chosen completely at,random.,用来作实验的人完全是随意挑选的。,朗文当代,He fired a few random shots.,他乱放了几枪。,朗文当代,The books were randomly arranged on the shelves.,书被胡乱地放在书架上。,美国传统,即学即用,He opened the book _ and started reading.,A,in vain B,full of faith C,at once D,at random,解析,：,本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为：他随意地打开一本书就开始读起来。,in vain,“,徒然,”,；,full of faith,“,满怀信心,”,；,at,once,“,立刻,”,；,at random,“,随便地，随意地,”,。根据句意，答案为,D,。,答案,：,D,He was not listening and made a _ answer to the teachers question.,A,random B,careful C,strict D,at random,解析,：,本题考查词义辨析。句意为：他没听讲，对教师的问题乱答一通。,random,意为,“,胡乱的，随便的,”,；,careful,“,仔细的，认真的,”,；,strict“,严格的,”,；,at random,为介词短语,“,随意地，随便地,”,。根据句意，答案为,A,。,答案,：,A,26,27,2,stop,sth.in,its tracks,终止，消灭,【,精讲拓展,1,】,stop,n,&,v,.,停止,come to a stop,停止，停下来,put a stop to,sth,.,停止运动，停下,stop doing,sth,.,停止做某事,stop to do,sth,.,停下来去做某事,警示误区,：,注意,stop to do,sth,.,与,stop doing,sth,.,的区别。如,：,He stopped to listen.,他停下来听。,He stopped listening.,他不再听了。,【,典型例句,】,They stopped dead in their tracks when they saw the bull charging towards them.,他们看到公牛向他们冲来时，猛地站住了。,朗文当代,Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her.,她父母企图阻止我见她。,朗文当代,Stop by if youre in town.,如果你在城里就过来坐坐。,美国传统,Work on the project has come to a stop.,该工程的施工已经停下来了。,朗文当代,The new law put a stop to all the tax evasion that had been going on.,新法律制止了一直存在的各种偷税漏税活动。,朗文当代,即学即用,单句改错,If the paper factories go on putting the waste water into the,river,，,the fish will be stop in their tracks._,They stopped to work and went to have lunch._,答案,：,stopstopped,to,workwo