高考英语 Module5知识与要点课件 外研版必修3 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China(,中国古代伟人和伟大发明,),功能,Giving reasons(,给出理由,),语法,Defining attributive clauses,：,of,w,hom,/,in,w,hich,(,限制性定语从句：介词关系代词引导的定语从句,),重点词汇及拓展,1.,order,n,秩序,2.,principle,n,原则，准则,3,position,n,职位,4.,stress,v,t,.,强调,5,resign,v,i,.,辞职,6.,influential,adj,.,有影响的,7,justice,n,公正,8.,fuel,n,燃料,9,condition,n,状况；条件；环境,10,equal,adj,.,平等的,equality,n,平等权,11.,philosophy,n,哲学,philosopher,n,哲学家,12,honesty,n,诚实,honest,adj,.,诚实的,13,contribution,n,贡献,contribute,v,作贡献,14,invent,v,t,.,发明,invention,n,发明,15,argument,n,争论；辩论,argue,v,争论，辩论,重点短语,1.,Look after,照顾；照料,2,Bring up,养育，抚养,3,at,war,with,与,处于战争状态,4,be,proud,of,为,自豪,5.for the,first,time,首次，第一次,6,in,conclusion,总之,7,Responsible duty,责任感,重点,句型,1.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.,但那也是一个有许多哲学家的时期。,2,They say(that),.,他们说,1,equal adj.(,能力、力气等,),胜任的；,(,大小、数量、程度,),相等的，相同的,n,同等或平等的人或物,vt.,与,相等，等于,(,be equal to),；比得上,归纳拓展,(1)A equals B,A is equal to B,A,等于,B,。,be equal to sth./doing sth.,等于，能胜任,be equal with,与,平等,equal pay for equal work,同工同酬,without(an)equal,无人可比地,(2)equal sth.,与,相等,equal sb.in sth.,在,方面与某人匹敌,(3)equally,ad,v,.,相等地，同样地，等分地,equality,n,同等；平等，相等,例句：,Women demanded equal pay for equal work.,妇女们要求同工同酬。,A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.,1,磅约等于,500,克。,Bob is quite equal to the job of running the office.,鲍勃的能力足以管理这个部门。,None of us can equal her,，,either in beauty or as a dancer.,不论是容貌还是舞技我们都比不上她。,同类辨析,equal,与,same,两者都含有,“,相同的,”,的意思。,(1)equal,指,“,在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的,”,。,(2)same,指,“,同一的,”,，实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的。,same,前要加定冠词,the,。,例句：,One,li,is equal to half a kilometer.,一华里等于半公里。,They have the same problem.,他们有类似的问题。,【,链接训练,】,All the countries in the world should _ each other,，,though some developing countries cant equal developed ones_some sections.,A,be equal to,；,in B,be equal with,；,on,C,be equal,；,on D,be equal to,；,of,【,解析,】,be equal to,“,平等,”,；,“,在,方面,”,用介词,in,。句意为：世界上所有的国家相互都是平等的，尽管一些发展中国家在有些方面不能和发达国家相媲美。,【,答案,】,A,2,order n,次序，顺序；整齐；秩序；命令；订购,vt.,命令；指令；订购；点菜；安排；指导,归纳拓展,(1)in order of.,照,(,依,),顺序排列,out of order,不整齐；状况不佳；出故障的,in good order,井井有条；状态良好,keep order,维持秩序,place an order for sth.,订购某物,give,/take orders,下达,/,接受命令,in order to do./that.,为了,(2)order sb.to do sth.,/order sth.to be done,命令某人做某事,/,某事被做,order that.,命令,(,从句中谓语动词用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略,),order sb.sth.,order sth.for sb.,为某人订购,例句：,The doctor ordered him to take a rest for a week or two.,The doctor ordered that he(should)take a rest for a week or two.,医生叮嘱他休息一两周。,He put his papers in order before he left.,他在动身前把文件都整理好了。,The phone is out of order.,电话坏了。,【,链接训练,】,Remember to put the books _ before leaving the room.,A,in the place B,in the order,C,in order D,in need,【,解析,】,A,项应去掉定冠词，,D,项,in need,“,需要,”,不符合题意。句意为：离开房间前请记得把书排放整齐。,in order,“,井井有条，整齐有序,”,。,【,答案,】,C,3,stress n,重压；压力；强调，重音,vt.,着重，强调，重读,归纳拓展,(1)lay,/place/,put the stress on/upon.,把重点放在,上；在,上用力；强调,重要性,under the stress of.,为,所迫；为,所驱使；受到,所造成的压力,cause,/reduce stress,造成,/,减少压力,(2)stress the importance of.,强调,的重要性,(3)stressful,adj,.,产生压力的；使紧迫的,a stressful job,/situation/,lifestyle,繁重的工作,/,艰难的处境,/,紧张的生活方式,stressed,adj,.,紧张的，焦虑的,(,不位于名词前，且常修饰人,),例句：,Our parents always lay stress on proper behavior.,我们的父母一直很强调行为的得体。,He stressed the importance of cooperation.,他强调合作的重要性。,The word,“,today,”,is stressed on the second syllable.,这个单词的第二个音节要重读。,He finds his new teaching job very stressful.,他觉得新的教学工作非常紧张。,【,链接训练,】,Things can easily go wrong when people are under _.,A,stress,B,weight,C,load,D,strength,【,解析,】,句意为：人们在有压力的情况下，做事容易出差错。四个选项意义分别为,stress,“,压力,”,；,weight,“,重量,”,；,load,“,负担,”,；,strength,“,力量,”,。,under stress,“,压力之下,”,，故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,4,resign n,辞去,(,职务,),v,辞去，辞职,归纳拓展,(1)resign from.,从,辞去职务,resign as sth.,辞职,resign one,s post/position,辞职,resign.to.,把,托付给,resign oneself to(doing)sth.,听任,(,某种影响,),；只好,(,做,),某事,(2)resigned,adj,.,已辞职的；已放弃的,be resigned to sth./doing sth.,心甘情愿,resignation,n,辞职，辞职书；放弃，顺从,hand in ones resignation,递交辞呈,例句：,The Minister resigned from office.,那位部长辞职了。,The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.,该队不甘心失败。,She seems resigned to not having a holiday this year.,她对今年没有休假似乎并无怨言。,We haven,t yet received his resignation.,我们尚未收到他的辞职信。,同类辨析,resign,与,retire,两者都含有,“,退职,”,的意义。,(1)resign,表示因对工作不满意或工作上的失职而自愿或被,“,辞退，辞去,”,了职务，常与,from,连用。,(2)retire,表示因年龄大或是身体状况不允许，按国家有关规定,“,退休,”,，并享受规定补助。,例句：,He retired from the business when he was 60.,他,60,岁时退休了。,【,链接训练,】,After a number of disagreements with the committee,，,the chairman decided to _.,A,retire B,retreat,C,withdraw D,resign,【,解析,】,retire,意为,“,退休,”,；,retreat,意为,“,后退,”,；,withdraw,意为,“,撤退,”,；,resign,意为,“,辞职,”,。句意为：和委员会数次意见不合后，主席决定辞职。根据句意，选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,You must resign yourself to _ a bit longer.,A,wait B,waiting,C,waited D,wait for,【,解析,】,resign oneself to doing sth.,“,只好做某事,”,，根据题意,“,你不得不再多等一会儿,”,，可知应选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,5,condition n,条件，情形，环境，社会地位；,(pl.)(,生活或工作的,),条件，环境,vt.,以,为条件，使达到要求,归纳拓展,on condition that.,条件是,；在,前提下,on no condition,绝不要；绝不,under the conditions of.,在,的情况下,be in good,/poor condition,在好,/,坏的状况下,be out of condition,身体不适,be in no condition to(,身体状况,),不适宜,be in(a)condition(to do a thing),能做、有做,的条件,例句：,You can go out on condition that you wear a coat.,你要穿上外套才能出去。,The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.,此船的现状不适宜远航。,The animals were conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell.,这些动物受训后一听见铃声就知道有食物可吃了。,同类辨析,condition,，,state,与,situation,三者都含有,“,情况，状况,”,的意思。,(1)condition,作,“,情况，情形，条件,”,时，常指人或物目前的情况，常用复数形式。,(2)state,表示,“,状况，情况,”,时，常用单数形式，与冠词连用，构成,in a.state,或,in the state of.,，指人或物在环境、外观、心灵、健康等方面的情形或状况。,(3)situation,常与,in,连用，表示,“,处于一种,状况,”,。,例句：,He is in a good state.,他身体健康。,Their living conditions were terrible.,他们的生活条件很差。,We are in a difficult situation.,我们正处于困境。,【,链接训练,】,Ron lent me the money on _ that I pay it back next month.,A,condition,B,conditions,C,state D,situation,【,解析,】,考查固定短语,on condition that,“,条件是,”,，符合题意。句意为：罗恩借给我钱，条件是我下月还他。,【,答案,】,A,School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _.,A,states B,conditions C,situations D,positions,【,解析,】,situation,意为,“,形势，局面，情况,”,，表示,“,要教给学生如何处理危险情况,”,。,state,意为,“,状况，情形，形势,”,；,condition,意为,“,状态，状况，情形,”,；,position,意为,“,位置，方位，地点,”,。,【,答案,】,C,1,be at war with,在与,交战中,归纳拓展,(1)a civil,/cold war,内战,/,冷战,go to war,宣战，进入战争状态,make/declare war(on sb.),向,(,某人,),宣战,(2)be at.,表示,“,处于,状态,/,动作,”,的意思。类似的短语还有：,at peace,处于和平状态,at school,/work,在上学,/,上班,at table,在吃饭,at trouble,/risk,处于困境中,/,在冒险,例句：,At that time,，,China and Japan were at war,，,so travelling was extremely difficult.,当时，中日双方正在打仗，因此旅行,(,变得,),极其困难。,Germany has been at peace with France for 50 years.,德国与法国已和平相处了,50,年。,People in the world dont want to go to war to settle the international disputes.,世界各国人民不想诉诸武力去解决国际争端。,【,链接训练,】,When he came back from abroad,，,our country was _ with Japan.,A,at a war,B,at war,C,at the war,D,on war,【,解析,】,考查固定短语,be at war with,“,在与,交战中,”,。句意为：当他从国外回来时，我们的国家正同日本处于交战状态。,【,答案,】,B,2,bring up,教育；培养；提出,(,话题,),；呕吐,归纳拓展,bring about,带来，引起，导致,bring back,归还；恢复；回想起；带回,bring down,降低；转到下页,(,下栏,),；使减价,bring forward,提出,(,论点、问题等,),例句：,Though born and brought up in the city,，,she prefers life in the country.,尽管是在城里出生和长大，但她更喜欢农村生活。,He didn,t feel well and brought up his breakfast.,他感觉身体不太舒服，把吃的早餐全部吐了出来。,Mr Wang,s new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.,王先生的新建议在会议上被提了出来。,【,链接训练,】,The students in this school have very good manners because they have been well _.,A,brought out B,brought in,C,brought together D,brought up,【,解析,】,bring up,“,培养，教育,”,，符合后半句句意,“,受到了良好的教育,”,这一含义。,【,答案,】,D,You neednt add any explanation here because the meaning of that word will be_very clearly in the next paragraph.,A,picked out B,brought out,C,brought up D,looked up,【,解析,】,考查动词短语的辨析。根据题意,“,你不用添加任何解释，因为在下文中这个词的含义会被讲得很清楚,”,可知选,B,。,bring out,“,阐明,”,，符合题意。,pick out,意为,“,挑出来,”,；,bring up,意为,“,养育，培养，教育,”,；,look up,意为,“,抬头看,”,。,【,答案,】,B,1,(1)They say that.,他们说,(2)Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.,孟子认为人之所以与动物不同是因为人是好的、善良的。,(3)He believed that people were more important than rulers,，,.,他认为人民比统治者更重要,(4)Mozi believed that all men were equal.,墨子认为人人平等。,归纳拓展,以上各句中，主语都是,“,人,”,，谓语部分都是表示人的思维的动词。宾语都是宾语从句的形式，即,sb.,v,.,that,句型。这个句型用来表示,“,某个,(,些,),人说,(,认为,/,相信,/,希望,),什么或怎么样,”,，常见的谓语动词有,say,，,think,，,consider,，,hope,，,report.,。,这个句型可以转换为,It is,/was,p,.,p,.,that,从句或,sb./,sth.be,p,.,p,.,to do/to have,p,.,p,.,。,例句：,People hope that more milu deer will be set free one day.,It is hoped that more milu deer will be set free one day.,More milu deer are hoped to be set free one day.,人们希望有一天有更多的麋鹿被放归自然。,believe,后是,that,引导的宾语从句，从句中使用,the reason why.is that.,句式，其中,why,引导的是定语从句，,that,引导的是表语从句。,reason,用作定语从句先行词时，首先判断,reason,在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则要使用关系副词,why,引导定语从句，而且,why,有时可省略；如作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词,that/which,引导定语从句。,例句：,The only reason I went was that I wanted to meet your friends.,我去的唯一的理由是想见见你的朋友们。,Wed like to know the reason why she didnt accept the job.,我们希望知道她为什么不接受这份工作。,【,链接训练,】,The bird flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.,A,causing B,being caused,C,to be caused D,to have caused,【,解析,】,在句型,It is believed that the bird flu is caused.,中，主语从句的主语变成句子的主语之后，其谓语动词变成相应的不定式,(,短语,),，故答案为,C,。,【,答案,】,C,2,Treat others in the way you want to be treated.,己所不欲，勿施于人。,归纳拓展,(1),当先行词是,way(,意为,“,方式，方法,”,),时，且在定语从句中作状语时，可用,in which,或,that,引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。,例句：,I dont understand the way(in which/that)they worked out the problem.,我不理解他们计算这道题的方法。,(2),当,the way,后面的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，考生应用正常的思维方式来解决问题。,例句：,The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.,他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。,此复合句的从句中缺少宾语成分，故用,which,或,that,引导定语从句，而不应用,in which,。,(3),当先行词为,time,时，,time,若作,“,次数,”,讲，用,that(,可省略,),引导；,time,若作,“,一段时间,”,讲，用,when,或,at/during which,引导。,例句：,This was a time when/during which there were no radios,，,no telephones or TV sets.,在那个时代，没有收音机、电话，也没有电视机。,【,链接训练,】,I dont like the way _ you speak to her.,A,不填,B,in that C,which D,of which,【,解析,】,考查定语从句中先行词为,the way,时引导词的用法。此题中,the way,在定语从句中作状语，其后的引导词可用,that,/in which/,省略三种形式，四个选项中只有,A,项符合题意。此句句意为：我不喜欢你同她讲话的方式。,【,答案,】,A,The way_he worked out the problem isnt the way_I told him.,A,/,；,/,B,which,；,which,C,/,；,what D,that,；,what,【,解析,】,句意为：他解决那个问题的方式不是我告诉他的那种方式。第一个,the way,在定语从句中作状语，其后的引导词可用,that,/in which/,省略三种形式；第二个,the way,在定语从句中作宾语，可用,that,/which/,省略三种形式。故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,1,限制性定语从句,在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫作,“,先行词,”,。,限制性定语从句：描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可或缺的一部分，如省去，主句意义不完整，甚至没有意义。,引导定语从句的关系代词：,that,，,which,，,who,，,whom,，,whose,，,as,。关系副词：,where,，,when,，,why,。,(1),限制性定语从句关系代词的一般用法如下表：,关系,代词,指代,在定语从句中所充当的成分,人,物,句子,主语,宾语,定语,表语,who,whom,which,that,whose,as,例句：,The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.,昨天访问我们班的那个外宾是加拿大人。,(,作主语,),The man(whom/who)you met yesterday is my cousin.,昨天你遇见的那个人是我的堂兄。,(,作宾语,),Corn is a useful plant which/that can be eaten by both people and animals.,玉米是一种有用的作物，人、畜均可食用。,(,指物，作主语,),Who is the man that is reading over there?,正在那边看书的人是谁？,(,指人，作主语，不可省略,),His parents wouldn,t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.,他的父母不让他与任何家境贫穷的人结婚。,(,作定语,),China is not the one that it used to be.,中国不再是过去的中国了。,(,作表语，指物,),as,用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在,the same.as,，,such.as,，,as.as,，,so.as,句型当中，,as,不可省略。,例句：,Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.,认识汤姆的老师都认为他很聪明。,(,作主语，指代,teachers),I,ll buy the same dictionary as you have.,我要买和你一样的词典。,(,作宾语，指代,dictionary),The teachers today are not the same teachers as they were in the past.,今天的老师和过去不一样了。,(,作表语，指代,teachers),(2),限制性定语从句关系副词的一般用法如下表：,例句：,That was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.,那个时候，美国仍然有奴隶。,The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.,他父亲工作的那家工厂在城市的西部。,That,s the reason why she spoke.,那就是她要发言的原因。,关系副词,指代,先行词,所充当的句子成分,when,时间,时间名词,状语,where,地点,地点名词,状语,why,原因,reason,状语,注意：先行词表示时间、地点时，关系词不总是用,when,或,where,。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，就不能用,where,和,when,，而要用,which,或,that,。,例句：,I won,t forget the time that/which we spent in the countryside.(,作宾语,),我永远不会忘记我们在农村度过的那段时光。,关系副词有时可以用,“,介词关系代词,”,来代替。,例句：,We will never forget the day when/on which Hong Kong returned.,我们将永远不会忘记香港回归的那一天。,The city where/in which I was born is becoming more and more developed.,我出生的那个城市现在越来越发达。,The reason why/for which Mr Wu resigned was not very clear.,吴先生辞职的原因尚不十分清楚。,2,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词中，只有,whom,和,which,可直接置于介词之后构成,“,prep,.,whom/which,”,这一结构。,(1),当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用,which,或,whom,，且不可省略。,例句：,This is the hero of whom we are proud.,这是我们引以为豪的那个英雄。,This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.,这是我用来写信的那支钢笔。,(2),当介词放在定语从句末尾时，可用,that,，,which,，,who,或,whom,作介词宾语的关系代词且可以省略。以上例句可改写为：,This is the hero(that,/who/,whom)we are proud of.,This is the pen(that/which)I wrote the letter with.,(3),“,复合介词短语关系代词,”,引导的定语从句，从句常用逗号与先行词分开。,例句：,He lived in a big house,，,in front of which stood a big tall tree.,他住在前面有棵大树的大房子里面。,注意：,在固定搭配的动词短语中，介词不可置于关系代词之前。,例句：,This is the pen(which/that)I,m looking for.,这是我正在找的钢笔。,(,介词,for,不可提前,),(4),关系副词在定语从句中相当于,“,介词名词,”,，如,when,on,/in/,during the time,，,where,in,/at/,on the place,，,why,for the reason,，因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为,“,介词,which,”,引导的定语从句。,例句：,That is the day when(on which)he did the experiments.,那一天正是他作实验的日子。,This is the house where(in which)my family used to live.,这就是我家以前住过的房子。,That is the reason why(for which)he is leaving very soon.,那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。,注意：在这种,“,介词,which,”,的结构中，介词的选择取决于,which,所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中的动词词组与介词的搭配关系。,例句：,This is the farm where(on which)I worked three years ago.,这就是我三年前工作过的农场。,【,链接训练,】,The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.,I agree.They can apply their wisdom to other net technology _ human beings can benefit.,A,in which B,through which,C,on which D,from which,【,解析,】,句意为：,电脑病毒的制造者都是天才。,我也这样认为。他们可以把他们的智慧应用到能给人类带来益处的其他网络技术上。之所以用,from which,，是因为,benefit from,是固定搭配，意为,“,从,获益,”,，故选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,The student _ all of the teachers took great pride was admitted into Peking University last year.,A,in whom B,of whom,C,on whom D,for whom,【,解析,】,考查,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句的用法。题干中的,took great pride,后接介词,in,，意为,“,为,感到自豪,”,，故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,The reason _ they were not accepted is _ they didnt receive enough education.,A,why,；,because B,that,；,for,C,why,；,that D,that,；,that,【,解析,】,谓语动词,is,前面是一个定语从句，先行词是,the reason,，须用关系副词,why(,for which),引导而且在从句中作状语；,is,后面是表语从句，因前面已出现,reason,，所以,because,，,for,等不可选。,【,答案,】,C,The time has come _ we can make extensive use of nuclear energy.,A,when B,which,C,since D,while,【,解析,】,考查关系副词,when,引导的定语从句。,time,是先行词，指时间，在定语从句中作状语，因此引导词应是,when,，相当于,at which,。句意为：我们广泛利用核能的时代到来了。,【,答案,】,A,It was in these films _ he created the well,known image of the lovely duck _ children love to this day.,A,which,；,who B,where,；,who,C,what,；,that D,that,；,that,【,解析,】,考查定语从句和强调结构。第一空是强调结构，用,that,；第二空是定语从句，先行词是,duck,，作,love,的宾语，关系词可用,that/which,。综上，选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,