高考英语 名词性从句与高考 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词性从句,_,Noun clauses,在句中的,作用相当于名词,的从句即是,名词性从句,。,Tracey does,whatever her parents ask her to do,.,The teacher did not accept my excuse,that the dog ate my homework,.,_,_,知识改变命运，学习成就未来,。,概念,独立存在的主谓语结构是主句。,不能独立存在而必须从属于主句的主谓结构是从句,。名词性从句就是在整个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,_,名词性从句的类别及其意义,that,引导的从句：表一种,事实或观点,。,(,表示感叹时用,how+,形容词,/,副词或,what,引导,),名词性从句,whether,或,if,引导的从句：表示,一般疑问,；,特殊疑问词,引导的从句：表示,特殊疑问,(who,whom,whose;what;which;when,where,why,how;how many,how much,how often),具体对象,a.,wh,-,引导：表特指的人、物、事、时间、,地点、原因、方式等。,b.,wh,-ever,引导：表泛指的人、物、事、,时间、地点、原因、方式等。,近年高考中的名词性从句考点,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,合计,what,4,5,6,8,9,1,6,39,whatever,0,1,0,0,1,2,1,5,that,2,3,5,4,3,5,3,25,whether,0,2,1,2,1,1,0,7,where,1,1,0,1,0,2,3,8,when,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,2,how,1,1,0,0,1,2,0,5,why,2,1,0,0,0,0,1,4,who,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,whoever,0,0,0,1,1,2,0,4,if,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,which,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,2,whichever,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,合,计,11,14,13,16,18,17,16,105,(,包括湖北卷完成句子题中的名词从句考点,),引导词,年份,(,that,引导的名词性从句,),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,表示一种事实或一个观点,正因为,that,引导的从句在句中起名词作用时表示事实或观点，故直接引语表示事实或观点时转化为间接引语时必须用,that,引导,(that,紧接在动词后面时常省略,),(,注意从句的时态和人称等的变化哦,),：,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,高考题中部分,that,引导的主语从句,It worried her a bit,that,her hair was turning grey,.(1992),That,you dont like him,is none of my business.(1992),_,此句型中能用哪些动词？,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些形容词？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些名词短语？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些,不及物动词,？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些,词语,？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,Fortune often rewards those that have patience.,只要有耐心，总会走好运。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,哪些词语后面可以接,that,宾语从句？,凡是,词法,或,词义,上能接事实或观点的词语！,哪些主语后面可以接,that,引导的表语从句？,一切本身表示事实或观点的主语,(the fact/possibility,My hope/suggestion/belief,etc.),！,reason,做主语时，表语从句由,that,引导，不用,because,。,高考题中部分,that,引导的宾语从句,Having checked the doors were closed,and,that,all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(2007,湖南卷,),_,_,_,哪些名词后面可以接,that,引导的同位语从句？,这取决于,that,引导的同位语从句本身的意义,表示事实或观点。换言之，凡是本身可以表示事实或观点的名词,(,如,truth,news,etc.,),后面都可以接,that,引导的同位语从句,。,总之，,that,引导的名词性从句表示事实或观点，,that,本身无意义，,that,在从句中不充当任何成分。换言之，凡是表示事实或观点的本身不缺任何成分的名词从句就用,that,引导。,(,常考点,),高考题中部分,that,引导的同位语 从句,There is,no possibility,that,Bob can win the first prize in the match,.(2001),There is,a new problem,involved in the popularity of private cars,that,road conditions need to be improved,.(2003,上海,),A story,goes,that,Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court,.(04,上海,),Along with the letter was,his promise,that,he would visit me this coming Christmas,.,Danby left,word,with my secretary,that,he would call again in the afternoon,.(05,浙江,),Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember,the story,believe it or not,that,we got lost on a rainy night,.,(,06,四川,),There is,much chance,that,Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race,.,(,06,天津,),Doris success lies in,the fact,that,she is co-operative and eager to learn from others,.,(,06,上海春季,),The news,that,our athletes won another gold medal,was reported In yesterdays newspaper.(2008,上海春招,),(,表示疑问,的名词性从句,),一般疑问用,whether(,正式,),或,if(,非正式,),引导。,(,注意语序哦！,),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,后面接表示疑问的名词从句时主句谓语必须能与表示疑问的信息搭配，也即，主句谓语不能是表示确定信息的词语,(,如,be sure,believe,etc.,),，只能是表示非肯定或怀疑意义的词语,(,如,ask,doubt,dont know,wonder,etc.,),。,特殊疑问用,wh,-,连接词引导。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,表示特殊疑问的名词性从句,从句,的作用,疑 问 句,名 词 从 句,主,语,Why they left the country is a secret.,Where she went is none of your business.,宾,语,、,Do you know when they are coming?,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,代,词,副,词,_,_,代,词,副,词,总之，疑问词引导的名词性从句表示疑问，,表示一般疑问的引导词,在从句中不充当任何成分；,表示特殊疑问的引导词,在从句中充当成分,(,疑问词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；疑问词是副词时在从句中作状语,),。换言之，凡是表示特殊疑问的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。,_ he referred in his article was unknown to the general reader.(07上海39),A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where,?,to,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Whether,Whether,Whether,if,引导的名词从句作主语时,不能放在句首,，作宾语时,不能紧接在介词后；,另外，,if,引导的名词从句不作表语和同位语。,记住哦：,主语从句应与表语在意义上一致,主语从句表事实时表语也必是事实；主语从句是疑问时表语也该是疑问等非确定意义。表语从句与主语也应表意一致。,注意哦：,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,当,主句是疑问句,而,宾语从句又表示特殊疑问,且,主句谓语是表示观点、看法的动词,(,think,suppose,believe,say,imagine,propose,),时，应把宾语从句的引导词,(,特殊疑问词,),提到句首构成一种双重疑问句：,What,do you suppose,has happened to her?,What,do you think,I ought to read first?,_ _,_ _,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,哪些名词后面可以接,wh,-,引导的同位语从句？,这取决于,wh,-,引导的同位语从句本身的意义,表示疑问。换言之，只有本身表示问题的名词,(,如,question,problem,have no idea,),后面才可以接,wh,-,引导的同位语从句,。,Ability is the son of knowledge and a good habit.,that,在从句中不作成分，,没有,意义；,whether,和,if,是连词，在句中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；,而,wh,-,连接代词和连接副词,在从句中,充当某一,成分，且有意义,。,动词,doubt,表示“怀疑、不知道”解时，肯定句接,whether,引导的宾语从句；否定句,dont doubt,和疑问句,Do you doubt,要接,that,引导的从句。,e.g.I,dont doubt,that,he will come soon.,我不怀疑他不久会来。,Can you doubt,that,he will win?,你怀疑他会赢吗？,I,doubt,whether,it is true.,我怀疑那不是真的。,whether,从句几乎,能,作所有介词的宾语；,that,引导的从句只能作,except,but,besides,的介词宾语。,e.g.I have no interest,in,whether,he will come.,He is a good boy,except,that,he is careless sometimes.,whether,和,if,的区别,（,1,）,whether,可以用于,discuss,和一般的介词，而,if,不能。,（,2,）,whether,用于,所有的名词性从句，而,if,只能引导宾语从句；,主语从句在句首时不用,if,；,有形式主语,it,时,if,能引导,主语从句。,（,3,）,whether,可以构成,whether or not,或,whether or no,，,if,则不能。,但可以说,whether/if,or not,whether/if,or,。,（,4,）,if,引导的从句可用于否定谓语,后,，,whether,从句,则不能,。,e.g.I,dont,care,if,you wont come.,我才不在乎他来不来呢。,He,doesnt,care,if,you dont pay the money.,你付不付钱他不在乎。,(,wh,-,连接词,引导的指具体对象的名词性从句,),_,_,_,_,(,泛指对象,),(,特指对象,),You must believe in,what,you do,and,who,you are,if you want to succeed in the world.,Most of us probably dont think about,what,is going on in our mind,when we are reading.Knowing,how,we feel,when we read can help us become better readers,and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.,Water,which seems so simple and common,is,what,makes life possible,.,It is not enough to simply decide,where,you want to go,.You must also consider,when,and,how,you want to travel,.,wh,-,词,(,此处称为连接词,),引导的名词性从句若表示具体对象,人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式等，,引导词,在从句中必须充当某种成分,(,连接词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接词是副词时在从句中作状语,),。换言之，凡是表示具体对象的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。,_ in learning English is enough practice.(07全国II 17),A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which,matter,s,most,?,_,高考题中部分,表示泛指对象,的从句,Whoever,leaves the room last,ought to turn off the lights.(88),Sarah hopes to become a friend of,whoever,shares her interests,.(95),Whoever,has helped to save the drowning girl,is worth praising.(99),Could I speak to,whoever,is in charge of International Sales,please?,(,2007,山东,),Could I speak to,whoever,is in charge of International Sales,please?,(,2009,全国,I,),The how-to book can be of help to,whoever,wants to do the job,.,(2009,陕西,),It is generally considered unwise to give a child,whatever,he or she wants,.(97),These wild flowers are so special I would do,whatever,I can to save them,.(2000),She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do,whatever,it takes,to save her life.(,湖南,2009),How about camping this weekend,just for a change?,OK,whatever,you want,.,(,2010,浙江,),Whichever,team wins on Saturday,will go through to the national championships.,(06,山东,27),高考题中部分,表示特指对象,的从句,What,we cant get,seems better than,what,we have,.(96),A modern city has been set up in,what,was a wasteland ten years ago,.(04,天津,),The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at,what,I thought was a dangerous speed,.(04,上海春季,),The way he did it was different,from,what,we were used to,.(05,江西,),What,makes this shop different,is that it offers more personal services.,(,06,辽宁,),Choosing the right dictionary depends on,what,you want to use it for,.,(,07,江苏,),As his best friend,I can make accurate guesses about,what,he will do or think,.(08,年上海,),I want to be liked and loved for,what,I am inside,.,(2010,北京,),Why not try your lick downtown,Bob?Thats,where,the best jobs are,.,(,07,浙江,),Have you finished the book?(2010,全国,II),No.Ive read up to,where,the children discover the secret cave,.,I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.(2010,江苏,),Thats,where,I dont agree,.You should have a more active life.,The last time we had great fun was,when,we were visiting the Water Park,.,(,08,天津,),引 导 词,用 法 特 点,例 句,whoever,表示,“,凡是,的,任何人,”,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,Whoever,works hard,will pass the exam.,He helps,whoever,is in trouble,.,Give the clothes to,whoever,needs them,.,Whoever,a friend is,is,welcome.,whatever,表,没限定范围,的,“,凡是,的,任何,物,/,事,”,，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,Whatever,he does,is worth learning.,Learn,whatever,benefits you,.,Help yourself to,whatever,you want,.,Dont accept,whatever,gift you receive,.,Whatever,knowledge you learn,will do you good.,whichever,表示,限定范围,中的,“,凡是,的,任何,人,/,物,”,Whichever,player scores the highest number of points,will be the winner.,I will like,whichever,you choose for me,.,表示泛指对象的引导词的辨析,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,(,名词性从句的引导词用法,),what,和,which,引导的名词性从句的比较,what,引导的名词从句,which,引导的名词从句,We should respect food and think about the people who dont have,what,we have here and treat food nicely.(10,福建,),(,作宾语指物,),It is uncertain,what,side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.(10,浙江,),(,作定语指物,),After,what,seemed a long time,he came back to life.,(,作主语指时间,),He is now not,what,he was.,(,指人,),When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know,which,lane he is entering.(10,上海,),(,指物作定语,),I dont know,which,of us was the more scared.,(,主语，指人,),what,只能引导名词性从句，用于,没有限定选择范围,时的特指的物、事、人和时间、地点等,，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,which,既可引导定语从句也可引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时用于,限定选择范围,(,句中不一定指明范围,),的特指的疑问或人,/,物,。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,what,和,whatever,引导的名词性从句的比较,what,引导的名词从句,whatever,引导的名词从句,What,he said,is worth considering.,Im tired of,what,Im doing.,What,he read yesterday was interesting.,Take,what,you need most when shopping.,Whatever,your parents say,(,特指,),(,泛指,),(,特指,),whatever,I do,(,泛指,),Not,whatever,he read,(,特指,),(,特指,),(,泛指,),whatever,measures you consider best,(,泛指,),What,引导的名词从句既可以表示疑问，又可以表示具体的人、物、事或时间等对象，表示具体对象时必定是虽没限定范围但却是,确定,的，即指确定的人、物、事或时间等。,Whatever,引导的名词从句一般,不可能表示疑问,，只能表示具体的对象,主要指物或事，且该具体对象没限定范围且是,不确定,的任何物或事。,which,和,whichever,引导的名词性从句的比较,which,引导的名词从句,whichever,引导的名词从句,I read about it in some book or other.,Does it matter,which,it was,？,The teacher,asked,which,of us had any problems,.,I,have no idea,which,of the other European countries is the largest,.,You can choose,whichever,you want,.,Whichever,of us fulfils his task first,will lend a helping hand to others.,You can take,whichever,seat you want,.,Vote for,whichever,proposal you think most,favourable,.,which,引导名词性从句时,只能,表示疑问,，即询问,限定范围中的哪一个,/,些,。,whichever,引导名词性从句时,不能,表示疑问,，只能表示具体对象,限定选择范围中的随便哪一个,/,些人或物,。,whatever,和,whichever,引导的名词性从句的比较,whatever,引导的名词从句,whichever,引导的名词从句,Ill do,whatever,you ask me to do.,Whatever,she did was right,I am afraid.,These wild flowers are so special I would do,whatever,I can to save them.,It is generally considered unwise to give a child,whatever,he or she wants.,（,NMET97,）,The poor young man is ready to accept,whatever,help he can get.(2005,全国卷,III),You can choose,whichever,you want,.,Whichever,of us fulfils his task first,will lend a helping hand to others.,You can take,whichever,seat you want,.,Vote for,whichever,proposal you think most,favourable,.,whatever,引导名词性从句时只能指具体对象中的没有,限定选择范围,的,不同类的任何东西,。,whichever,引导名词性从句时,只能指具体对象中的,限定选择范围,的,同一类的任何一项,。,名词性从句引导词的用法,从句类别,引导词,引导词的作用,事实观点类,that,表,疑,问,一般,if,whether,特殊,疑问代词,疑问副词,表,具,体,对,象,特指,连接代词,连接副词,泛指,连接代词,连接副词,表示事实或观点，引导词在从句中不充当成分。,表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。从句不作表语和同位语，作主语时不置于句首。不紧接,or not,。,从句表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。,表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中主要作各种状语。,从句指,特定的,人、物、事等。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,从句指,特定的,时间、地点、原因或方式、程度。引导词在从句中各种状语。,从句指,泛指的,人、物、事等。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,不能引导名词性从句。,(,引导词在从句中不充当成分时从句不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语,。,),_,_,_,_,_ _,_,_,_,_,1 _,2,_,_,1_,2,_,_,Dear teachers,，,_ makes us depressed _ we will graduate from No.1 Senior School of,Luotian,.The reason why we are so sad is _ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates.,The days we spent together are full of joys and tears.,_ you are always so strict with us made me hate you.However,you are also ready to give your hand to _ turns to you for help.,Now we understand _ you have tried to do for us.,_ you do and say is of great help to us.,We dont care about _ we can survive the struggle for the National Entrance Exam or not._ we cherish is _ we have enjoyed the process.,Thanks for your teaching!,Best wishes!,It,that,that,That,whoever,what,What,whether,What,that,书面表达中的名词从句应用,