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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Module1 Unit 3,Looking good,feeling good,（,2,）,1,、,work out,锻炼；计算出，解答出,(,问题,),；制定,Do you often work out?,你经常锻炼吗？,She works out every morning in order to keep fit.,为保持健康她每天早上都锻炼。,She worked out the maths problem and the teacher praised her.,她解答出了那道数学题，老师表扬了她。,He has worked out a good plan.,他已制定出一个好计划。,The professor _ his paper last night,but I dont know how it _.,A.was working;worked on,B.was working on;worked out,C.was working for;worked at,D.was working on;worked for,B,work on sth.,忙于,工作；,work out,产生结果。,2,、,in the long term,从长远的角度来看,This is a right choice in the long term.,从长远来看，这是个正确的选择。,He will become a successful singer in the long term.,从长远来看，他会成为一个成功的歌手。,in terms of,从,方面，从,方面来说,in sb.s terms,在某人看来，根据某人的观点,in the short time,从短期而言,in the medium term,从中期而言,I dont doubt that our effort will work _ the long term.,A.for B.at,C.on D.in,D,in the long term,从长远的角度来看。,3,、,concentrate on/upon sth.,全神贯注于某事，专心,致志于某事,I cant concentrate(myself)on my studies with all that noise going on.,吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法全神贯注学习。,The government is concentrating its efforts on improving education.,政府正致力于改进教育工作。,This firm concentrates on European market.,这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。,You should be _ your lessons.,A.absorbed on B.focused in,C.concentrated on D.occupied by,C,be concentrated on,相当于,be focused on,be occupied in,be absorbed in,等。,4,、,a good amount of,许多、大量，修饰不可数名 词,They spent a good/large/great amount of money on the project.,他们在这个项目上投入大量的资金。,a good/great many,(1)a large/great/good number of,接可数名词复数,a good few/quite a few,(2)many a/an,单数可数名词,(,作主语时，谓语,more than a,单数可数名词,动词用单数,),a great/large amount of,(3)a great/good deal of,接不可数名词,quite a little,a lot of/lots of,plenty of,(4)a large quantity of/large,可数,/,不可数名词,quantities of,a mass of/masses of,_ student attends Mr.Smiths lecture on environmental protection.,A.A great deal B.A lot of,C.A great many D.Many a,D,many a,意为,“,许多,”,，后接可数名词单数，但是谓语还是用单数；,a great deal,作副词、代词；,a lot of,既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词；,a great many,接可数名词复数。,_ students are now spending _ time learning English.,A.A good amount of;much,B.Large amounts of;a lot,C.A good number of;much,D.large numbers of;many,C,a good number of,可数名词复数。,as,引导方式状语从句，修饰,look,。,as,作连词的用法小结：,(1),作“当,的时候”或“按照,的样子”解，引导时间状语从句，表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生、同时进行。,As he looked at her,she made a face.,当他看她时，她做了个鬼脸。,1,、,I think you look great as you are,我觉得你目前这个样子就很棒,(2),作“由于、因为”解，引导原因状语从句，表示比较明显的原因。由,as,引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之前。,As he didnt know much English,he took out his dictionary and looked up the word.,由于他不懂得多少英语，于是他拿出词典来查了这个词。,(3),作“如,一样；按照,的样子”解，引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。,He does not speak as the other people do.,他不像其他人那样说话。,He is not so diligent as you.,他不如你勤奋。,(soas,只用于否定句，肯定句中必须用,asas),(4),引导让步状语从句，作“虽然、尽管”解。这时要将表语或状语提到主语之前；如果表语是名词，放在句首时不能加冠词。,Young as he is,he knows a lot.,尽管他年轻，却懂得很多。,According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman.,A.than B.such,C.so D.as,D,句意：据统计，男性死于皮肤癌的几率是女性的两倍多。考查倍数表达法中的,as,用法。其构成结构应为,“,倍数,as,形容词,/,副词原级,as,另一个比较对象,”,，其中后一个,as,在这里是介词或连词。,Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially _ Father was away in France.,A.as B.that,C.during D.if,A,句意：妈妈因为小爱丽丝病了而着急，尤其是当她爸爸还在法国时。,during,是介词，不接从句，故选,A,。,“So,助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词主语”表示上述肯定情况也适用于该主语。,I was at the Center School last year.So was my friend Bob.,去年我在中心学校，我朋友鲍勃也是。,I have seen the film twice.So has my elder sister.,这部电影我已看过两遍，我姐姐也是。,2,、,Walking and riding your bike count,and so do school sports.,行走和骑自行车就算，在学校里进行的体育活动也算。,其他类似结构还有：,(1),“,Neither/Nor,助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词主语,”,表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。,He cant speak Japanese.Neither/Nor can I.,他不会说日语，我也不会。,(2),“,It is the same with,名词,/,代词宾格,”,或,“,So it is with,名词,/,代词宾格,”,，表示上述综合的情况,(,肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词,),也适用于该主语。,Tom is a good student and he does well in his studies.It is the same with/So it is with John.,汤姆是个好学生，他学习很好。约翰也是如此。,(3),“,So,主语助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词,”,表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。,Tom does speak Japanese well.,汤姆日语的确说得很好。,So he does and so do you.,他确实如此，你也是一样。,(4),“,主语动词,so,”,表示做了前文所述的事情。,He asked me to stay at home and I did so.,他让我待在家里，我照做了。,David has made great progress recently.,_,，,and _.,A.So he has;so you have,B.So he has;so have you,C.So has he;so have you,D.So has he;so you have,B,使用,so he has,表达对上句话的赞同，意思是,“,他的确取得了很大进步,”,，而,so have you,意思是,“,你也一样,”,，是指上述情况同样适用于你。,_ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.,A.So successful her business was,B.So successful was her business,C.So her business was successful,D.So was her successful business,B,句意：玛丽的生意如此成功，以至于她在别的地方建立了新的分店。这是,so,that,句型的倒装结构，,so,后有形容词或副词且位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装形式。如：,So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,If Joes wife wont go to the party,_.,A.he will either B.neither will he,C.he neither will D.either he will,B,“,neither/nor,助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词主语,”,表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。句意：如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，他也不会去。,C,fail,失败，表现欠佳，衰退，用完；,disappear,消失；,fall,掉下；,damage,损害，毁坏。,1.William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to _.(2011,全国新课标,),A.disappear B.fall,C.fail D.damage,2.B,speed up the flow of traffic,加快交通流量。,2.They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.(2011,山东,),A.put off B.speed up,C.turn on D.work out,3.C,run out,用尽，用光；,break out,爆发；,work out,计算出；理解；,(,事情,),进展；,put out,扑灭；出版。,3.You cant predict everything.Often things dont _ as you expect.(2011,江西,),A.run out B.break out,C.work out D.put out,介词,介词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语。由一个单词构成的介词，叫做简单介词。由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词，叫做复杂介词。由两个介词构成的介词，叫做双重介词。介词短语,/,词组在句中作定语、表语、状语、,(,主,/,宾,),补语或独立成分。,一、表示原因的介词主要有,1,for,，用于常见结构：,thank sb.for(doing)sth.,praise sb.for(doing)sth.,reward sb.for(doing)sth.,scold sb.for(doing)sth.,punish sb.for(doing)sth.,criticize sb.for(doing)sth.,apologize to sb.for(doing)sth.,charge sb.some money for(doing)sth.,2,of/from,用于常见结构：,die of;die from;be tired of;be tired from;suffer from,3,with,用于常见结构：,be pleased with;be bored with;be satisfied with;be angry with;with anger;with cold,4,because of,，同义表达有：,on account of;as a result of;due to;owing to;thanks to,5.out of,，接抽象名词，有“出于,”,之意。,二、表示方式的介词有,1,by,常接交通工具、通讯工具等，此时名词用单数且其前无修饰词。如：,by plane,，,by bus,by radio,by telephone,by hand,等。,2,in,后接抽象名词，通常表“用,语言”，“用,颜色”等，如：,in English,in blue,。,3,with,常接表达具体工具的词，如：,with a pen,with a hammer,有时也可接语言，如：,with your own words(,用你自己的话,),。表示用何种字体时，书写工具名词用单数且其前无修饰词。,4,on,表“凭借、依靠”，又如：,live on grass(,靠草为生,),。,on,表特殊行走，交通方式，仅限于,on foot,on tiptoe,on horseback(,骑马,),等用法中。,5.by means of,表“以何种方式”。,6.through,强调“经历、经过”。,三、分清介词,to,与不定式符号,to,。常见的含介词,to,的短语有,be/get/become used to,习惯于,be related to,和,有联系,be addicted to,沉溺于,；对,上瘾,be opposed to,反对,devote oneself to/be devoted to,献身于,be admitted to,被,录取，准进入,be attached to,附属于，爱慕，爱恋，敬仰,adjust oneself,使,适应,get/be adjusted to,适应,adjust to,适应,be adapted to,适应,adapt oneself to,适应,be known to,为,所知,be married to,和,结婚,be sentenced to,被判处,be connected to,和,连在一起,be exposed to,暴露于,/,遭受,/,接触,be compared to,被比喻成,compareto,把,比成,be/become/get accustomed to,习惯于，有,习惯,accustom oneself to,使习惯于,be engaged to,和,订婚,get down to,着手做,lead to,导致,object to,反对,put ones mind to,全神贯注于,look forward to,盼望,pay attention to,注意,stick to,坚持,attend to,处理，照料,see to,负责,contribute to,对,作贡献,make contributions to,对,作贡献,apply oneself to,致力于,come close to,几乎，将近,reply to,回答,add to,增加,add up to,加起来,in addition to,除,之外,(,还,),turn to,转向，求助于,look up to,向上看，尊敬,belong to,属于,take to,喜爱，开始,respond to,回答,四、介词的宾语有,1,名词,(,短语,),如：,like a church mouse,。,2,代词如：,take pride in himself,。,3,动名词,(,短语,),如：,be good at telling stories,。,4,过去分词如：,as told,。,5,从句如：,be satisfied with what she said,。,6,不定式如：,have no choice but to wait,。,7.“,疑问副词 不定式”结构如：,advice on how to do it,。,8.,副词如：,from above,。,10.,介词短语如：,from across the street,。,11,形容词如：,far from true,。,12,关系代词,which,作介词如：,the speed limit beyond which drivers shall be fined,。,注意：,只有特定句型才能用过去分词、不定式、副词、介词短语作介词宾语，当从句作介词宾语时不能为,that,引导的从句，除,but that,except that,in that,之外。,高考湖南卷的介词常放到完形填空二，也就是,Section C,中考查，且每年必考一题，分值为,1.5,分。,其考查的重点是介词的常规用法和固定短语中的介词。,1,记住下面的介词的常规用法。,四季，早、午、晚要用,in,。,at,黎明、午、夜、点与分。,in,年、月、年月、季节、周，即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”,(,但在某年某月某日则用,on),等。,介词,at,和,to,都可以表示方向；用,at,表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用,to,表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。,表示着火，罢工，偷偷地，出差、办公事；休假，准时用,on,。,在山脚下、在门口、在目前、速度、以,速率、温度、在日落时、在,核心要用,at,。,2,牢记下列常考含介词的短语。,at a time,一次，每次,at one time,曾经,at any time,在任何时候,at times,时常,at the same time,同时,at the end of,在,的尽头,at present,目前,at first sight,乍一看,according to,依据、根据,as a result of,作为,的结果,as a result,因此，结果,as a rule,通常、惯例,by the way,顺便说,by far,的多,because of,因为,in spite of,尽管,in the way,挡路,in a way,从某种程度上说,in the end,最后,in secret,秘密地,in person,亲自地,in place of,代替、取代,in public,公开地,in return for,作为,的回报,in the long run,长期地,in sight,可看到的,in terms of,根据,on sale,有售,on a large scale,大规模地,on second thoughts,又一想、转念一想,so far,到目前为止,out of sight,看不到的,such as,例如,1._ the railways put on special trains.,A.In holiday B.On holiday,C.In holidays D.On holidays,D,大家知道，,on holiday,是习语，意为“在休假”，该短语通常用介词,on,而不用,in,，且其中的,holiday,通常不用复数，且其中也不用冠词，但有时可用物主代词,(,此时可用复数，即,on ones holidays),。基于此认识，许多同学便选了,B,。其实此题最佳答案为,D,，,on holiday,指“休假”或“度假”，,on holidays,指“节假日”或“公共假日时”，即指诸如元旦、国庆等放假日。,2._ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?,A.Do B.Can,C.Are D.Did,C,此题正确答案是,C,，但很容易误选,A,，主要是没有意识到其后的,against,是介词，而不是动词。,注意：有些介词、形容词、副词等，具有动作意味，不要将其误认为是动词。,3.She looks forward every spring to _ the flowerlined garden.,A.visit B.paying a visit,C.walk in D.walking in,D,此题考查的关键是短语,look forward to(,盼望,),，其中的,to,是介词，不是不定式符号。由于句中插入了,every spring,这一状语，使得,look forward,与介词,to,分离，从而使许多考生误选。有了以上分析，我们知道，空格前的,to,是介词，所以后接动词用动名词，所以应选,B,或,D,，由于,pay a visit,后不能带宾语,(,比较：,pay a visit to,后可带宾语,),，所以只能选,D,。,
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